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    Intussusception: Awan Rochaniawan

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    4wanR
    Intussusception is a condition where part of the intestine folds into the section next to it, commonly affecting children under 2 years old. The cause is often unknown but may be related to infections or anatomical abnormalities. The proximal intestine prolapses into the distal intestine, risking reduced blood flow. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Ultrasound imaging reveals the "target" or "doughnut" sign confirming the diagnosis. Treatment is usually nonsurgical reduction with an air or liquid contrast enema, while surgery is considered if reduction is unsuccessful.

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    Intussusception: Awan Rochaniawan

    Uploaded by

    4wanR
    59 views13 pages
    Intussusception is a condition where part of the intestine folds into the section next to it, commonly affecting children under 2 years old. The cause is often unknown but may be related to infections or anatomical abnormalities. The proximal intestine prolapses into the distal intestine, risking reduced blood flow. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Ultrasound imaging reveals the "target" or "doughnut" sign confirming the diagnosis. Treatment is usually nonsurgical reduction with an air or liquid contrast enema, while surgery is considered if reduction is unsuccessful.

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    INTUSSUSCEPTION

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    Intussusception is a condition where part of the intestine folds into the section next to it, commonly affecting children under 2 years old. The cause is often unknown but may be related to infections or anatomical abnormalities. The proximal intestine prolapses into the distal intestine, risking reduced blood flow. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Ultrasound imaging reveals the "target" or "doughnut" sign confirming the diagnosis. Treatment is usually nonsurgical reduction with an air or liquid contrast enema, while surgery is considered if reduction is unsuccessful.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    59 views13 pages

    Intussusception: Awan Rochaniawan

    Uploaded by

    4wanR
    Intussusception is a condition where part of the intestine folds into the section next to it, commonly affecting children under 2 years old. The cause is often unknown but may be related to infections or anatomical abnormalities. The proximal intestine prolapses into the distal intestine, risking reduced blood flow. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Ultrasound imaging reveals the "target" or "doughnut" sign confirming the diagnosis. Treatment is usually nonsurgical reduction with an air or liquid contrast enema, while surgery is considered if reduction is unsuccessful.

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    NTUSSUSCEPTION

    Awan Rochaniawan
    DEFINITION
    • Intussusception is a condition in
    which part of the intestine folds
    into the section next to it.
    • Intussusception usually involves the
    small bowel
    • Intussusception occurs more
    commonly in children than adults
    • In children it is more common in
    males than females. The usual age
    of occurrence is six to 18 months
    old.
    ETIOLOGY
    • The causes of intussusception are not clearly known.
    • They can include infections, altered motility, and anatomical factors
    such as Meckel's diverticulum, Polyps, Appendicitis, Hyperplasia of
    Peyer's patches, and Idiopathic
    PATOPHYSIOLOGY
    • Usually, the ileum enters the
    cecum. Rarely a part of the ileum
    or jejunum prolapses into itself.
    • Almost all intussusceptions occur
    with the intussusceptum having
    been located proximally to the • The part that prolapses into the
    intussuscipiens. This is because a other is called the intussusceptum.
    peristaltic action of the intestine • The part that receives it is called
    pulls the proximal segment into the intussuscipiens.
    the distal segment.
    PATOPHYSIOLOGY
    • The trapped section of bowel may have its blood supply cut off, which
    causes ischemia. The mucosa is sensitive to ischemia and responds by
    causing sloughing off into the gut. This creates a "red currant jelly"
    stool, which is sloughed mucosa, blood, and mucus.
    • "Red currant jelly" occurs in a minority of cases of intussusception
    and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children
    passing any bloody stool.
    SYMPTOMS
    • Early symptoms include
    abdominal pain, vomiting, and
    bloating
    • Pain is intermittent because the
    bowel segment transiently stops
    contracting. • Fever is not a symptom of
    • It may result in a small bowel intussusception but a loop of
    obstruction. bowel may become necrotic,
    • Other complications may include secondary to ischemia, this leads
    peritonitis or bowel perforation. to perforation and sepsis, which
    causes fever.
    SYMPTOMS
    • Later signs include rectal
    bleeding, often with "red currant
    jelly" stool, and lethargy.
    Physical examination may reveal
    a "sausage-shaped" mass.
    • Children may cry, draw their
    knees up to their chest, or
    experience dyspnea with
    paroxysms of pain.
    EVALUATION
    • Intussusception is often suspected based
    on examination, including observation of
    Dance sign (Dance sign consists of
    evaluating right lower quadrant of the
    abdomen for retraction, which can be an
    indication of intussusception).
    • A definite diagnosis requires
    confirmation by imaging modalities.
    • Ultrasound is the test of choice for
    diagnosis of intussusception.
    • The appearance of target sign or
    doughnut sign usually around 3 cm in
    diameter, confirms the diagnosis.
    • The image seen on transverse sonography or
    computed tomography is a doughnut shape,
    created by the hyperechoic central core of
    bowel and mesentery surrounded by the
    hypoechoic outer edematous bowel.
    • In longitudinal imaging, intussusception may
    resemble a sandwich.
    • An abdominal x-ray may be indicated to check
    for intestinal obstruction. An air enema
    may be used for diagnosis, and the same
    procedure can be used for treatment.
    • CT scan is sometimes used to make a
    diagnosis, especially when the Ultrasound
    imaging remains doubtful.
    TREATMENT
    • Intussusception requires rapid
    treatment.
    • Treatment in children is typically
    by an enema with surgery if not
    successful.
    REFERENCES
    • Jain S, Haydel MJ. Child Intussusception. [Updated 2021 Jul 17]. In:
    StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022
    Jan-. Available from:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431078/

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