GIS & GPS in Transportation

Role of GIS & GPS in
Transportation
Shibu lijack
Group Members
Mohsin Raza (2009-MS-TE-02)
Muhammad Waqar (2009-MS-TE-08)

Contents of Presentation
 What is GIS?
 Components of GIS
 GIS Application Areas
 GIS in Transportation
 Advantages of GIS
 Limitation of GIS
 What is GPS?
 Components of GPS
 How GPS works
 Uses of GPS
 GPS in Transportation
What is GIS?
 GIS stands for Geographic Information

Systems.
 A geographic information system (GIS) is a
software tool for mapping and analyzing
objects on Earth.
 This system needs hardware, people and
suitable data collection system.
GIS Cont’d
A GIS is like
layering mapped
information in a
computer to help
us view our world
as a system
GIS Cont’d
 GIS allows you to collect, manipulate,

analyze, and display spatial data and
information. Spatial data is any data that
deals with locations of things.
 Just about anything you can imagine has a

spatial component to it.
GIS Cont’d
A Geographic Information System is a

collection of tools to build, maintain, and use
electronic maps and associated databases
Components of GIS
The main components of GIS are:

 Software
 Hardware
 People
 Data
 Methods
People
The people are the component who actually

makes the GIS work. People associated
with a GIS can be categorized into
 Viewers
 General Users
 GIS specialists
Method/Procedure
 Procedures include how the data will be retrieved,

input into the system, stored, managed, transformed,
analyzed, and finally presented in a final output. The
procedures are the steps taken to answer the
question needs to be resolved
 The transformation processes includes such tasks as

adjusting the coordinate system, setting a projection,
correcting any digitized errors in a data set, and
converting data from vector to raster or raster to
vector.
Hardware
Hardware consists of the technical

equipment needed to run a GIS including a
computer system with enough power to run
the software, enough memory to store
large amounts of data, and input and
output devices such as scanners,
digitizers, GPS data loggers, media disks,
and printers.
Software
There are many different GIS software

packages available today. All packages
must be capable of data input, storage,
management, transformation, analysis, and
output, but the appearance, methods,
resources, and ease of use of the various
systems may be very different.
Data
Perhaps the most time consuming and costly

aspect of initiating a GIS is creating a database.
There are several things to consider before
acquiring geographic data. It is crucial to check
the quality of the data before obtaining it. Errors in
the data set can add many unpleasant and costly
hours to implementing a GIS and the results and
conclusions of the GIS analysis most likely will be
wrong.
It all starts with DATA!
Normally when you think of data you think of something like the chart below.
GIS let’s you turn this table:
Into this:
1999
Now you can see WHERE the population is.

Thematic Mapping
Using data regarding past natural disasters, you may create a map showing high
risk areas.
3-D Visualization
You may wish to turn a two-dimensional map into a three- dimensional map.
3-D Visualization
You can even make a 3D map of your city.
Fayetteville, Arkansas 2003

Created by: Greg Seltz, Gravette, Arkansas EAST student and CADIS participant.
GIS Application Areas
 Business
 Business Solutions
 Financial Services
 Insurance
 Media and Press
 Real Estate
 Defense
 Defense and Intelligence
 Education
 Universities and Community
Colleges
 Schools (K–12)
 Libraries and Museums
 Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Surveying
 Health and Human Services

 Hospitals and Health Systems
 Public Health and Human Services
 National Mapping and Cartographic Publishing
 Map, Chart, and Data Production
 Natural Resources
 Agriculture
 Archaeology
 Caves
 Environmental Management
 Forestry
 Marine and Coast
 Mining and Earth Science
 Petroleum
 Water Resources
 Transportation  Government
 Economic Development
 Logistics
 Elections
 Transportation Systems and  Federal
Networks  Homeland Security
 Utilities  Land Records and Cadastral
 Electric and Gas Solutions
 Location-Based Services  Law Enforcement
 Pipeline  Public Works
  Public Safety
Telecommunications
 State and Local
 Water/Wastewater
 Sustainable Development
 Urban and Regional Planning
GIS in Transportation
GIS applications are currently used broadly by

transportation analysts and decision makers in
different areas of transportation planning and
engineering, from infrastructure planning, design
and management, traffic safety analysis,
transportation impact analysis, and public transit
planning and operations to intelligent transportation
systems (ITS).
GIS in Highways
 Planning
 Design
 Construction Management
 Operations
 Safety and Security
 Maintenance
GIS in Railways
Advantages of GIS
 Exploring both geographical and thematic components

of data
 Stresses geographical aspects of a research question
 Allows handling and exploration of large volumes of
data
 Allows integration of data from widely disparate
sources
 Allows analysis of data to explicitly incorporate
location
 Allows a wide variety of forms of visualisation
Disadvantages of GIS
 Data are expensive

 Learning GIS software can be long
What is GPS?
The Global Positioning System is a constellation of 31

satellites that is used to calculate your position.
How do you use these satellites to calculate your position?

GPS
 GPS stands for Global Positioning System

 The United States' Global Positioning System
(GPS), which as of 2007 is the only fully
functional, fully available global navigation
satellite system. It consists of up to 32 medium
Earth orbit satellites in six different orbital
planes, with the exact number of satellites
varying as older satellites are retired and
replaced. Operational since 1978 and globally
available since 1994, GPS is currently the
world's most utilized satellite navigation system.
Global Navigation Satellite System
 GPS
 Number of Satellites : 24 Active, 5 Spare
 Geometry : 6 planes, 4 satellites each
 Orbit MEO : 20,200 km (10,900 nmi) circular, 55° inclination (Block
I satellites orbited at 63° inclination)
 Orbit Period :12 hours
 Coverage : Global
 Initial Operational Capability (IOC) :1993 December 8
 Full Operational Capability (FOC) :1995 April 27
 Managed by: USAF NAVSTAR GPS Joint Program Office, Space
and Missile Systems Center
 Operated by: USAF 50th Space Wing
Reference: USAF GPS Website

Global Positioning System (GPS)
Following are the three basic components of GPS:
 Space
 Control
 User
Space Segment
The Space Segment comprises 24 to 32 satellites in

Medium Earth Orbit and also includes the boosters
required to launch them into orbit.
Control Segment
The Control Segment is comprised of a Master

Control Station, an Alternate Master Control Station,
and a host of dedicated and shared Ground
Antennas and Monitor Stations.
User Segment
The User Segment is comprised of hundreds of thousands of

Military users of the secure GPS Precise Positioning Service,
and tens of millions of civil, commercial and scientific users of
the Standard Positioning Service .GPS satellites broadcast
signals from space that GPS receivers use to provide three-
dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) plus
precise time
Uses of GPS
 Navigation
 Map Making
 Land surveying Commerce
 Scientific Uses
 Tracking and Surveillance
 Hobbies
GPS in Transportation
GPS is used Transportation for the following Purposes:
 Navigation
 Tracking and Surveillance
 Automated vehicle Location
 Fleet Management
 Asset Tracking
 Covet Surveillance
 Field Worker Management
Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)
 Automatic vehicle location (AVL) is a

means for automatically determining the
geographic location of a vehicle and
transmitting the information to a requester.
While GPS positioning and wireless
communication services are used in the
most common implementations, AVL is
also implemented using GSM, RFID, or
RTLS.
 Fleet management: when managing a

fleet of vehicles, knowing the real-time location
of all drivers allows management to meet
customer needs more efficiently. Vehicle
location information can also be used to verify
that legal requirements are being met: for
example, that drivers are taking rest breaks and
obeying speed limits.
 Asset tracking: companies needing to track

valuable assets for insurance or other monitoring
purposes can now plot the real-time asset location on a
map and closely monitor movement and operating
status. For example, haulage and logistics companies
often operate trucks with detachable load carrying units.
In this case, trailers can be tracked independently of the
cabs used to drive them. Combining vehicle location
with inventory management that can be used to
reconcile which item is currently on which vehicle can be
used to identify physical location down to the level of
individual packages.
 Field worker management: companies

with a field service or sales workforce can use
information from vehicle tracking systems to
plan field workers' time, schedule subsequent
customer visits and be able to operate these
departments efficiently.
 Covert surveillance: vehicle location
devices attached covertly by law enforcement or
espionage organizations can be used to track
journeys made by individuals who are under
surveillance
References
 http://maic.jmu.edu/sic/gis/components.htm
 http://www.gjep.org/qol/disaster_map.html
 http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/forestresearch/ei/maps
/if-3d.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_
System
THANKS

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What are the main components of a GIS?

What are the main components of a GIS?

What are some common applications of GIS?

What are some common applications of GIS?

Role of GIS & GPS in

Mohsin Raza (2009-MS-TE-02)

Muhammad Waqar (2009-MS-TE-08)

 GIS stands for Geographic Information

 GIS allows you to collect, manipulate,

 Just about anything you can imagine has a

A Geographic Information System is a

The main components of GIS are:

The people are the component who actually

 Procedures include how the data will be retrieved,

 The transformation processes includes such tasks as

Hardware consists of the technical

There are many different GIS software

Perhaps the most time consuming and costly

Now you can see WHERE the population is.

Fayetteville, Arkansas 2003

 Health and Human Services

GIS applications are currently used broadly by

 Exploring both geographical and thematic components

 Data are expensive

The Global Positioning System is a constellation of 31

How do you use these satellites to calculate your position?

 GPS stands for Global Positioning System

Reference: USAF GPS Website

Following are the three basic components of GPS:

The Space Segment comprises 24 to 32 satellites in

The Control Segment is comprised of a Master

The User Segment is comprised of hundreds of thousands of

GPS is used Transportation for the following Purposes:

 Automatic vehicle location (AVL) is a

 Fleet management: when managing a

 Asset tracking: companies needing to track

 Field worker management: companies

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