Skeletal System - Appendicular Skeleton
Skeletal System - Appendicular Skeleton
Skeletal System - Appendicular Skeleton
THE APPENDICULAR
SKELETON
PRECY ANN MAE D. REYES
BASIC COMPONENTS
• Fins
• membranous or webbed processes internally strengthened by
radiating and thin fin rays.
• form initially at the interface between dermis and epidermis,
like scales, but then sink into the dermis (dermal fin rays).
Elasmobranchs – ceratotrichia (keratinized)
Bony fishes – lepidotrichia (ossified/chondrified)
Some bony fishes –actinotrichia
• Swimming
• Tetrapods- the limbs again may become
secondary to the tail and lose their
prominence in aquatic locomotion
• Aquatic birds- wings have greater roles in
swimming; forelimb becomes stouter and
robust
• Penguins - used exclusively like flippers
to enable the animal to swim underwater
• may become partially or completely
webbed feet to increase pressure against
the water when these birds paddle
• Terrestrial Locomotion
• any of several forms
of animal movement such
as walking and running, jumping
(saltation), and crawling.
• Walking and running, in which
the body is carried well off the
surface on which the animal is
moving.
• Running (cursorial) vertebrates
are characterized by elongated
lower legs and feet and by
reduction and fusion of toes.
• Saltatory locomotion, movement
by leaping, hopping, or jumping,
is found in vertebrates (frogs,
kangaroos, rabbits and hares,
some rodents)
Reduction of digits in cursorial
animals.
Gait or footfall patterns of various mammals.
Comparison of two cursorial mammals, a horse and a cheetah
• Aerial Locomotion
• Gliding and Parachuting
• Parachuting- maximizing drag
• Gliding- minimizing drag
THANK YOU!