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    The Rock Cycle

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    Roan Eam Tan
    The rock cycle describes the processes by which the three main rock types—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—are formed from one another. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma either below or above the Earth's surface. Weathering and erosion of igneous and sedimentary rocks produces sediments that can lithify into sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure within the Earth's crust. The constant recycling of rocks through weathering, erosion, deposition, burial, and melting drives the perpetual rock cycle.

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    The Rock Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Roan Eam Tan
    531 views31 pages
    The rock cycle describes the processes by which the three main rock types—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—are formed from one another. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma either below or above the Earth's surface. Weathering and erosion of igneous and sedimentary rocks produces sediments that can lithify into sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure within the Earth's crust. The constant recycling of rocks through weathering, erosion, deposition, burial, and melting drives the perpetual rock cycle.

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    The rock cycle describes the processes by which the three main rock types—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—are formed from one another. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma either below or above the Earth's surface. Weathering and erosion of igneous and sedimentary rocks produces sediments that can lithify into sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure within the Earth's crust. The constant recycling of rocks through weathering, erosion, deposition, burial, and melting drives the perpetual rock cycle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    531 views31 pages

    The Rock Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Roan Eam Tan
    The rock cycle describes the processes by which the three main rock types—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—are formed from one another. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma either below or above the Earth's surface. Weathering and erosion of igneous and sedimentary rocks produces sediments that can lithify into sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure within the Earth's crust. The constant recycling of rocks through weathering, erosion, deposition, burial, and melting drives the perpetual rock cycle.

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    THE ROCK CYCLE

    ROCK
    It
    is the building
    block of the
    solid part of the
    Earth
    3 KINDS OF ROCKS
    1. IGNEOUS
    2. SEDIMENTARY
    3. METAMORPHIC
    KINDS OF ROCKS

    IGNEOUS ROCK- It is
    formed by the cooling
    and hardening of
    molten materials
    found deep in the
    crust.
    KINDS OF ROCKS

    SEDIMENTARY ROCKS-
    formed from solidified
    sediments that originally
    came from other rocks
    and were deposited by
    water and air.
    KINDS OF ROCKS
    METAMORPHIC ROCKS- formed
    under conditions of heat and
    pressure similar to the
    environment in which igneous
    rocks are formed.
    -the temperature should be 150
    degrees celsius to 180 degrees
    celsius
    - it requires deep burial
    PROCESSES INVOLVED IN IGNEOUS
    ROCKS
    1. CRYSTALIZATION- it is a
    process where magma
    cools and solidifies.
    - it occurs deep
    beneath the Earth’s crust
    or after a volcanic
    eruption on the surface
    PROCESSES INVOLVED IN IGNEOUS
    ROCKS
    2.WEATHERING- the
    parent rock is break
    down into pieces
    which is caused by
    weathering agents.
    ( sediments are
    PROCESSES INVOLVED IN IGNEOUS
    ROCKS

    3. LITHIFICATION-
    occurs when the
    sediments were
    compacted due to the
    weight of overlying
    layers.
    SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

    It is buried very deeply


    and accompanied by
    tremendous heat and
    pressure.
    METAMORPHIC ROCKS
    It will undergo
    MELTING and turn
    to magma
    Energy That Drives the Rock Cycle

    Processes driven by heat from the Earth’s


    interior are responsible for forming both
    igneous rock and metamorphic rock.
     Weathering and the movement of

    weathered materials are external


    processes powered by energy from the
    sun.
    External processes produce sedimentary

    rocks.
    ELEMENTS AND GASES THAT
    COMPOSED A MOLTEN MAGMA
    Si- 27%
    Al- 8%
    Fe- 6%
    Ca- 4%
    K- 3%
    Na- 3%
    Mg- 3%
    EXTRUSIVE ROCKS

    It results when lava


    solidifies
    INTRUSIVE ROCKS

    - Also known as plutonic.


    - These are magma which
    does not reach the
    surface but crystallizes at
    greater temperature.
    Classification of Igneous Rocks

    1. Texture
    • Coarse-grained texture is
    caused by slow cooling resulting in
    larger crystals.
    • Fine-grained texture is caused
    by rapid cooling resulting in smaller,
    interconnected mineral grains.
    Course-Grained Igneous Texture
    Fine-Grained Igneous Texture
    Classification of Igneous Rocks

    1. Texture (continued)
    • Glassy texture is caused by
    very rapid cooling.
    • Porphyritic texture is caused
    by different rates of cooling resulting
    in varied sized minerals.
    Classification of Igneous Rocks

    2. Composition
    • Granitic composition
    rocks are made mostly
    of light-colored quartz and
    feldspar.
    Obsidian Exhibits a Glassy Texture.
    Porphyritic Igneous Texture
    Classification of Igneous Rocks

    2. Composition (continued)
    • Basaltic composition rocks are made
    mostly of dark-colored silicate minerals and
    plagioclase feldspar.
    • Andesitic composition rocks are between
    granitic light-color minerals and basaltic
    composition dark-colored minerals.
    • Ultramafic composition rocks are made
    mostly from iron and magnesium-rich minerals.
    Basalt
    Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

     Weathering, Erosion, and


    Deposition
    ◦ Erosion involves the weathering
    and the removal of rock.
    ◦ Deposition occurs when an agent
    of erosion—water, wind, ice, or
    gravity—loses energy and drops
    sediments.
    Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

     Compaction and Cementation


    ◦ Compaction is a process that
    squeezes, or compacts, sediments.
    ◦ Cementation takes place when
    dissolved minerals are deposited in
    the tiny spaces among the
    sediments.
    Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

     Two Main Groups


    1. Clastic sedimentary rocks are
    composed
    of weathered bits of rocks and
    minerals.
    Classified by particle size
    Ex. Shale
    Sandstone
    Conglomerate
    Shale with Plant Fossils
    Conglomerate
    Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

    2. Chemical sedimentary rocks form when


    dissolved substances precipitate, or separate,
    from water.
    Ex. limestone—most abundant chemical rock
    microcrystalline quartz known as chert,
    flint, jasper, or agate
    evaporites such as rock salt or gypsum
    coal
    Fossiliferous Limestone

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