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    Movement of Plates Lead To Formation of Folds and Faults: Lesson 5

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    Jester Dayao
    Rock layers that were originally horizontal can deform into folds and faults due to tectonic plate movements. Folds involve twisting and bending of rocks, while faults are planes where rocks slip past each other. There are three types of plate boundaries - convergent, divergent, and transform - which apply compressional, tensional, or shear stresses respectively, causing rocks to change shape. The type of strain that develops depends on the stress applied, and rocks can deform through fracturing or folding.

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    Movement of Plates Lead To Formation of Folds and Faults: Lesson 5

    Uploaded by

    Jester Dayao
    64 views24 pages
    Rock layers that were originally horizontal can deform into folds and faults due to tectonic plate movements. Folds involve twisting and bending of rocks, while faults are planes where rocks slip past each other. There are three types of plate boundaries - convergent, divergent, and transform - which apply compressional, tensional, or shear stresses respectively, causing rocks to change shape. The type of strain that develops depends on the stress applied, and rocks can deform through fracturing or folding.

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    Rock layers that were originally horizontal can deform into folds and faults due to tectonic plate movements. Folds involve twisting and bending of rocks, while faults are planes where rocks slip past each other. There are three types of plate boundaries - convergent, divergent, and transform - which apply compressional, tensional, or shear stresses respectively, causing rocks to change shape. The type of strain that develops depends on the stress applied, and rocks can deform through fracturing or folding.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    64 views24 pages

    Movement of Plates Lead To Formation of Folds and Faults: Lesson 5

    Uploaded by

    Jester Dayao
    Rock layers that were originally horizontal can deform into folds and faults due to tectonic plate movements. Folds involve twisting and bending of rocks, while faults are planes where rocks slip past each other. There are three types of plate boundaries - convergent, divergent, and transform - which apply compressional, tensional, or shear stresses respectively, causing rocks to change shape. The type of strain that develops depends on the stress applied, and rocks can deform through fracturing or folding.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 24

    MOVEMENT OF PLATES

    LEAD TO FORMATION
    OF FOLDS AND FAULTS
    LESSON 5:
    Plates Movement
    • Rocks that were originally
    deposited in horizontal layers
    can subsequently deform by
    tectonic forces into folds and
    faults.
    Plates Movement
    • Folds constitute the twists and
    bends in rocks. Faults are planes
    of detachment resulting when
    rocks on either side of the
    displacement slip past one
    another.
    Plates Movement
    • The movement of the plates
    depends on the boundaries
    between them. These
    boundaries can be convergent,
    divergent, or transform.
    Plates Movement
    • Plate movements cause rocks to be
    deformed due to compressional stress
    at convergent boundaries, tensional
    stress at divergent boundaries, or
    shear stress at transform boundaries.
    Due to these stresses, rocks experience
    changes in volume and shape.
    There are basically 3 types of tectonic forces
    that can deform rocks.
    • The type of strain (deformation) that develops in
    a rock depends on the tectonic force.
    a. Compressive forces squeeze and shorten a body.
    b. Tensional forces stretch a body and pulls it apart
    c. Shearing forces push different parts of a body in
    opposite directions
    When subjected to stress, rocks can deform by
    either breaking (fracture) or bending (fold).
    Fracture
    • Since the pressure and temperature are low at the
    Earth’s surface, rocks tend to break or fracture when
    subjected to compressional and tensional stresses.
    Plates Movement
    • Fractures can either be a fault or a
    joint. A fault is a break in the rock
    where there is considerable
    movement on the fracture surface
    while a joint is a break where
    there is no considerable movement.
    Types of Fault
    • There are two types
    of faults. They can
    either be dip-slip or
    strike-slip faults.
    Types of Fault
    • Dip-slip faults involve the
    vertical movement of the blocks
    of rock. These movements are
    described based on the direction
    of the motion of the hanging
    wall with respect to the footwall.
    Types of Fault
    • Dip-slip faults can either be a
    normal or a reverse fault. A
    normal fault is caused by tensional
    stress. A reverse fault, wherein
    the hanging wall moves upward,
    is formed by compressional stress.
    Types of Fault
    • Strike-slip fault involves a
    horizontal movement of
    blocks of rock and is
    caused by shear stress.
    Fold
    • Deep within the crust, where
    pressure and temperature are high,
    rocks are plastic-like; thus, they do
    not break but they tend to bend or
    fold. When rocks in this area are
    compressed, they become thicker.
    When rocks become thinner, they
    are pulled apart.
    • When blocks of rock are bent
    upwards, they form anticline
    structures. Synclines are formed
    when blocks of rock bend
    downwards. A slightly bent rock
    from the parallel undeformed
    layers forms monoclines.
    Types of Fold
    1. Anticline is a fold
    that is convex up and
    has its oldest beds at
    its core.
    Types of Fold
    2. Syncline is a fold
    with younger layers
    closer to the center
    of the structure.
    Types of Fold
    3.Monocline is a local
    warping in horizontal
    strata. Rock beds lying at
    two level separated by
    steep inclined limbs.

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