Seminar: Composite Fes and Caes For Regulation of Grid Parameters

SEMINAR
COMPOSITE FES AND CAES FOR REGULATION OF GRID

PARAMETERS
Presented by,
Vishnu N Namboothiri
Roll No:45
Batch:E
Dept.of EE
10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 1
CONTENTS
⮚ INTRODUCTION
⮚ OBJECTIVE
⮚ BLOCK DIAGRAM
⮚ FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE
⮚ COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
⮚ CHALLENGES
⮚ CONCLUSION
⮚ REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
⮚ Electricity – convenient form
⮚ Importance
⮚ Challenges in generation
⮚ Renewable energy sources

• Importance
• Intermittency
 Variable generation & fluctuating demand
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INTRODUCTION(Cont)
⮚ Relevance of storing
 Problems with batteries
 Alternate methods
⮚ Flywheel Energy Storage(FES)
⮚ Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES)
⮚ Regulation of grid parameters
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OBJECTIVE
⮚ To propose a composite storage system for power grid frequency regulation, peak regulation, black start
and phase modulation
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Composite energy storage system
1-Dispatching device, 2- Data Acquisition Module, 3-Time Synchronization Module, 4- Frequency regulation
module, 5- Peak regulation module, 6-Load forecasting module, 7- flywheel energy storage system 8- CAES
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FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE(FES)
Figure 1: Flywheel Energy Storage
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FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE(Cont)
• Flywheel rotor : energy stored as kinetic energy
 Motor/Generator : act as motor, charges flywheel

act as generator, discharges flywheel
 Bearings : magnetic bearing – less friction
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 Power conversion system : bi-directional converter
Figure 2: Bi-directional convertor
 Housing : containment for rotor

provide less friction environment
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⮚ Power > Load – frequency increases
⮚ Power < Load – frequency decreases
⮚ FES – frequency Regulation

• Collects frequency data
• Frequency regulation module calculates power
• Store when frequency is more
• Supply when frequency is less
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COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE(CAES)
Figure 3: Compressed air energy storage system
1-Motor,2- Multistage compressor,3 - Compressed air tank,4- Multistage expander,5- Generator,6- Heat storage
tank,7- Cold storage tank
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COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE(Cont)
⮚ Peak regulation
⮚ 3 modules
• Peak regulation module
• Time synchronization module
• Load forecasting module
⮚ P,V and I value from grid
⮚ Calculates power
• If less, generates
• If more, stores
• Analyze load forecasting data and grid values and works for a set time
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Figure 4: CAES with synchronous condenser
1- High-pressure gas storage tank, 2- Intake main air valve, 3- Operation regulating valve,
4- Phase regulating valve, 5- Expander, 6-Generator, 7- Excitation device, 8-atmosphere
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⮚ Phase modulation
⮚ 2 separate valves
• Operation regulating
• Phase regulating
 Phase regulating – ensure expander temperature under limit
 Excitation system controls the generator to draw leading/lagging current
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Figure 5: CAES with black start function
1-Air compressor, 2-Motor, 3-Gas storage tank, 4-Expander, 5-Generator, 6-

Transformer,7-Station service bus, 8-atmosphere
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⮚ Power grid in non-powered state
⮚ Inlet valve is opened
⮚ Start expander
⮚ Drives generator to rated speed
⮚ Outlet switch is closed
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CHALLENGES
⮚ High capital cost
⮚ Large area required
⮚ Challenges in FES
⮚ Challenges in CAES
⮚ Can renewables ‘replace’ existing?
Figure 6:News on Beacon FES plant explosion
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CONCLUSION
⮚ Power grid frequency regulation, peak regulation, black start, and phase modulation can be realized
through optimized design
⮚ Need for researches in more efficient FES & CAES
⮚ Need of comparative study in carbon emissions, environmental impacts and cost of renewables including
storage needs
⮚ Comprehensive studies on all energy sources especially nuclear energy non – biased to socio – political
history
10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 18

REFERENCES
1. Wen, Xiankui, Jingliang Zhong, Jinzhao Tian, and Haoran Xiong,Research on Fine Speed Adjustment
of Expansion Power Generation System, 2020 IEEE 5th Information Technology and Mechatronics
Engineering Conference (ITOEC), pp. 682-685. IEEE, 2020.
2. Amiryar, Mustafa E., and Keith R. Pullen,A review of flywheel energy storage system technologies
and their applications, Applied Sciences 7, no. 3 (2017): 286.
3. Daoud, Mohamed I., A. S. Abdel-Khalik, A. Massoud, S. Ahmed, and Nabil H. Abbasy,On the
development of flywheel storage systems for power system applications: A survey, 2012 XXth
International Conference on Electrical Machines, pp. 2119-2125. IEEE, 2012.
4. Mei, ShengWei, JunJie Wang, Fang Tian, LaiJun Chen, XiaoDai Xue, Qiang Lu, Yuan Zhou, and
XiaoXin Zhou. Design and engineering implementation of non-supplementary fired compressed air
energy storage system: TICC-500,Science China Technological Sciences 58, no. 4 (2015): 600-611.
5. “Flywheels fail at energy project,” Times Union, 20-Oct-2011. [Online]. Available:
https://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Flywheels-fail-at-energy-project-2227225.php. [Accessed:
22-Nov-2020].
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THANK YOU
10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 20

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SEMINAR

COMPOSITE FES AND CAES FOR REGULATION OF GRID

⮚ FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE

⮚ COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE

⮚ Electricity – convenient form

⮚ Renewable energy sources

 Variable generation & fluctuating demand

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 3

⮚ Flywheel Energy Storage(FES)

⮚ Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES)

⮚ Regulation of grid parameters

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 4

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 5

Composite energy storage system

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 6

Figure 1: Flywheel Energy Storage

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 Motor/Generator : act as motor, charges flywheel

 Bearings : magnetic bearing – less friction

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 8

Figure 2: Bi-directional convertor

 Housing : containment for rotor

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 9

⮚ Power < Load – frequency decreases

⮚ FES – frequency Regulation

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 10

Figure 3: Compressed air energy storage system

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 11

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 12

Figure 4: CAES with synchronous condenser

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 13

 Phase regulating – ensure expander temperature under limit

 Excitation system controls the generator to draw leading/lagging current

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 14

Figure 5: CAES with black start function

1-Air compressor, 2-Motor, 3-Gas storage tank, 4-Expander, 5-Generator, 6-

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 15

⮚ Inlet valve is opened

⮚ Drives generator to rated speed

⮚ Outlet switch is closed

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 16

⮚ Large area required

⮚ Can renewables ‘replace’ existing?

Figure 6:News on Beacon FES plant explosion

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 17

⮚ Need for researches in more efficient FES & CAES

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 18

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 19

10/28/2021 Dept. of EEE 20

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