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    Cell Reproduction

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    cath bugayong
    The document summarizes the processes of cellular reproduction through mitosis and meiosis. It describes two main types of cells - somatic and germ cells. The cell cycle is explained, including the interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and the M phase of mitosis. Meiosis is also summarized, which reduces the chromosome number in germ cells from diploid to haploid. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis are noted. Overall, the document provides an overview of the cellular processes that allow for growth, development, and reproduction.

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    Cell Reproduction

    Uploaded by

    cath bugayong
    39 views35 pages
    The document summarizes the processes of cellular reproduction through mitosis and meiosis. It describes two main types of cells - somatic and germ cells. The cell cycle is explained, including the interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and the M phase of mitosis. Meiosis is also summarized, which reduces the chromosome number in germ cells from diploid to haploid. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis are noted. Overall, the document provides an overview of the cellular processes that allow for growth, development, and reproduction.

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    Cell-Reproduction

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    The document summarizes the processes of cellular reproduction through mitosis and meiosis. It describes two main types of cells - somatic and germ cells. The cell cycle is explained, including the interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and the M phase of mitosis. Meiosis is also summarized, which reduces the chromosome number in germ cells from diploid to haploid. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis are noted. Overall, the document provides an overview of the cellular processes that allow for growth, development, and reproduction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views35 pages

    Cell Reproduction

    Uploaded by

    cath bugayong
    The document summarizes the processes of cellular reproduction through mitosis and meiosis. It describes two main types of cells - somatic and germ cells. The cell cycle is explained, including the interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and the M phase of mitosis. Meiosis is also summarized, which reduces the chromosome number in germ cells from diploid to haploid. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis are noted. Overall, the document provides an overview of the cellular processes that allow for growth, development, and reproduction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    CELLULAR

    REPRODUCTION
    Two Types of Cells Composing
    the Body
    • Somatic cells - pertains to the cell
    composing the bulk of the body such as
    the nerve cell, muscle cells, kidney cell,
    etc.
    • Germ cells – pertains to the
    reproductive cells such as the ova of
    female and the spermatocytes of male.
    What is cell division?
    • formation of 2 daughter cells from a
    single parent cell
    • uses mitosis and meiosis
    • each cell (except sperm and egg)
    contains 46 chromosomes (diploid)
    • sperm and egg contain 23
    chromosomes
    The Cell Cycle
    • The cycle of growth
    and asexual
    reproduction of a
    cell.
    • It includes two
    phases:
    A. Interphase
    B. Mitosis (M phase)
    Interphase
    • the nucleus is not
    • Divided into:
    undergoing
    division
    • occurs between 1. G1 stage
    mitotic or meiotic 2. S phase
    divisions also 3. G2 stage
    called
    interkinesis.
    G1 phase
    • active protein synthesis and imbibitions
    of materials resulting in cell growth
    • duplicates organelles
    • centriole replication
    S-phase (Synthesis phase)
    • Chromosome duplication results from
    replication of DNA
    G2 Stage
    • protein synthesis for
    formation of spindle
    fibers, asters, and
    other materials
    needed for cell
    division.
    • centriole replication
    completed
    M phase or Mitosis
    Divided into: Four Stages:
     Karyokinesis 1. Prophase
    which involves
    2. Metaphase
    the division of
    the nucleus 3. Anaphase
     Cytokinesis 4. Telophase
    which involves
    the division of
    the cytoplasm
    Cytokinesis
    • Cleavage furrow
    forms in anaphase
    or telophase &
    constricts original
    cell into two
    smaller animal
    cells
    Control of Mitosis
    Cyclins Cancer
    are group of closely Is the result of
    related proteins that uncontrolled cell
    controls the timing division
    of the cell cycle in It can easily and freely
    eukaryotic cells spread because of the
    they act as external absence of proteins on
    regulators which the their surface that
    direct cells to speed bind normal cells
    up or slow down together.
    Meiosis
    • Type of cell reproduction which
    produce gametes or sex cells.
    • Gametogenesis the process of
    production of gametes or sex cells.
    • Spermatogenesis
    • Oogenesis
    Meiosis is also known as reduction
    division.
    • Diploid cells become
    haploid cells
    • Diploid (2n)- cell that
    contains both sets of
    homologous
    chromosomes.
    • Haploid (n)- cell that
    contains only a single
    set of chromosomes
    Chromosome Number
    • 46 Chromosomes (23 pairs)
    1. Autosome (22 pairs)
    2. Sex Chromosomes (1 pair)
    • X chromosomes – female
    • XY chromosomes - male
    Homologous chromosomes
    • matching pairs of
    chromosomes in a
    diploid cell
    • Both chromosomes
    contain
    information that
    code for the same
    traits.
    PHASES OF MEIOSIS
    1. MEIOSIS I
    2. MEIOSIS II
    Meiosis I
    Meiosis I
    Prophase I
    • Chromosomes are
    thick and visible.
    • Homologous pair
    are tangled together
    • Each pair consist of
    a total of four
    chromatids
    (tetrads).
    Metaphase I

    • The homologous
    chromosomes
    are arranged in
    the middle of
    the cell.
    Anaphase I
    • Homologous pair of
    chromosomes
    separate from each
    other
    • Spindle fibers pull
    one member of each
    pair of chromosomes
    to opposite ends of
    the cell.
    Telophase I

    • Each individual
    chromosome still
    consist of two sister
    chromatids.
    • new nuclear
    envelop may or may
    not form
    • Cytokinesis takes
    place.
    Prophase II

    • Two pairs of
    centrioles move to
    opposite poles
    • Nuclear envelop
    disappears
    • Spindle fibers
    appear
    Metaphase II
    • Chromosomes are arranged along the
    equatorial plane of the spindle
    Anaphase II
    • Centromeres divide
    • Sister chromatids separate to become
    daughter chromosomes
    • Daughter chromosomes are pulled to
    opposite poles of the cell
    Telophase II

    • Spindle fibers
    disappear
    • Nuclear envelop
    forms around the
    two daughter
    chromosomes
    • A nucleolus reforms
    Some differences of mitosis and
    meiosis

    • Meiosis produce half the number of


    chromosomes of the parent cell
    • Daughter cells produced are not alike
    • Number of daughter cells produced in
    meiosis are 4 unlike in mitosis which are
    2.
    • Parent cell divides twice so there is
    meiosis I and II.
    HUMAN Life Cycle
    Significance of Cell Division
    • Results in increase in the number of
    cells from the time of conception
    (zygote) onwards(growth and
    development).
    • Cell repair and cell replacement.
    • Maturation of sex cells (meiosis).

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