THERAPEUTIC

MODALITIES
Prepared by: John Patrick B. De Jesus
 Categories of Learning Experiences:
a. Task-Oriented LE
 Pots and Pans
 Grounds and Landscaping
 Cleaning and Maintenance
 Time keeping (wake up calls, lights out calls)

b. Written tasks
 Composition or Essay
 Reproduction of TCMP Materials

c. Peer Interaction
 Reading and reporting of topic
 Announcements (Morning Meeting or House Meeting)
 Bans
BANS
 Bans are sanctions to members who commit repeatedly
 infractions or violation to the Cardinal Rules by prohibiting,
 disallowing or limiting an activity or affiliation to a group.

Examples of Bans:
*Regulation of visiting privilege
*Banned from attending Entertainment and Recreational
activities
 GENERAL MEETING
 A repeated breach to the Cardinal Rules necessitates a General
Meeting. Such issue should be discussed with the community to
point out to the violator the negative effect the behavior had on
the community

 EXPULSION
 In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and
 becomes a threat to the community (Instigator, initiator of jail
 disturbances), the Director with the recommendation of the
 Disciplinary Board may transfer him/her to the nearest jail facility
 with an appropriate Court Order
 Emotional,
Psychological Aspects
of Therapeutic
Community
Introduction
Residents feel isolated, helpless and
at times hopeless brought about by
separation from their loved ones and
society in general and all other issues
that confront them while incarcerated.
 Emotional and Psychological components of
Therapeutic Community

It is therapeutic value of processing of

feelings which does not only lie on how
freely one expresses them but more so on
the person’s ability to identify,
acknowledge, and express them
appropriately.
 Emotional and Psychological components of Therapeutic
Community
INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE INTERVIEW
 INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING/ ONE TO ONE COUNSELING
 GROUPS
*Static Group
*Peer Confrontation Group
*Secrets
*Encounter Group
*Extended Group

 SPECIALIZED GROUPS
*Women’s Group*Men’s Group
*Anger Management
*Loss and Bereavement
*Medication Support Group
Counseling
is defined as a professional activity of
helping individuals, groups or
communities enhance or restore their
capacity for psychological, emotional
and social functioning and creating an
environment favorable for the
attainment of these goals.
Psychosocial Skills and Characteristics of
Counseling:

 Empathy
 is the ability to perceive the client’s feelings and
to demonstrate accurate perception of the client.
“putting oneself in the client’s shoes”.
 Warmth
 is also called “unconditional positive regard”. It
involves accepting and caring about the client as
a person, regardless of any evaluation or
prejudices on the client’s behavior or thoughts.
 Respect
 The counselor shows his utmost respect to the client by listening in
silence and giving him the opportunity to design his own solutions to the
problem. A similar term for this is “empowerment” as the counselor
likewise demonstrates that he values the integrity of the client.
 Congruence
 or genuineness is being honest and authentic in dealing with the client.
It is showing real concern rather than focusing on techniques during
sessions. It is also being aware of the counselor’s own unmet needs and
how it may affect his relationship with the client.
 Confidentiality
 means that anything discussed during counseling sessions is held
absolutely private and not to be discussed anywhere. This contract
should be held sacred so as to maintain the client’s trust and enable
him to disclose sensitive matters to the counselor without fear of any
breach of confidentiality.
 Pattern of Counseling Session:
1. Introduction: First 10 minutes
 Greet the client warmly.
 Smile and shake hands.
 Escort to the counseling room.
 Explain how the session is going to be to alleviate fears.
 This is the time to develop rapport.
 Assure client on confidentiality.

2. Information gathering: About 20 minutes

 Know the reason for consultation.
 Client can start anywhere.
 Counselor may take notes.
 Client needs to do almost all of the talking.
 Counselor may ask open questions or use techniques like clarifying, rephrasing, focusing, reflecting,
reality testing, etc.
3. Discussion/ Counselor Input:

 Counselor tells the client what he thinks the client is saying.

 Counselor develops a list of concerns.
 Client would concur or not to the counselor’s
understanding.
 Prioritize problems and which one to work on first.
 Client will provide plans of action to work on specific
problem.
 Counselor will assist in mapping out plans.
4. Conclusion:
 Motivate the client that “he can do it”. If not, he may
need to be referred to a Professional.
 Brief client on what to expect the next session (progress
based on plan of action).
 End session on a positive note.
 Client should be able to list down things that he has to look forward to over the next few days. If
not, this is a red flag for suicide.
When to break Confidentiality?

1. Children are being neglected or abused

2. Appearance in court as a witness
3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide
4. Client expressed plan to harm others
INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE INTERVIEW

 Done by Counselor to newly admitted residents.

 purpose is to elicit information about the resident
and provide information about the program.
 Full and honest disclosure is expected on the
resident to elicit adequate and elaborate information
and come up with the proper treatment plan.
ONE TO ONE COUNSELLING/INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING

Objectives:
 1. To promote individual explorations and help surface
complicated and troubled feelings among the residents.
 2. To provide a regular source of counseled guidance to
residents.
 3. To assist the residents to develop better coping skills and
improve self-esteem.
 4. To explore the different psychological tools which promote
the development of insight and increase self-efficacy among the
residents.
GROUP COUNSELING

Objectives:
1. To provide support to residents who fall behind
and raise awareness about problematic behaviors.
2. To help solve and overcome the problem.
3. To impart to residents the practice of TC norms
and values.
4. To develop awareness and insight into one’s
motives, feelings, and behavior.
Duration/ Frequency: one hour/once a week
Participants: 10-15 residents, Counselor

STATIC GROUPS
 The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and
leaders that meet regularly while the residents are in
treatment. It is a sort of “home” group who provides
support for one another and to the new members of
the community.
PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP
 It is done in a more compassionate way
where each resident try to help one another.
Participants confront each other on what they
do for themselves while in the facility and ask
how they are coping with it.
SECRETS
 Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month
 Secrets are a group activity where participants are
given the opportunity to unload emotional baggage
and thus experience freedom from internal
psychological conflicts.
 It promotes trust among the participants knowing
that each will reveal his utmost secrets to the group.
It also aims to deepen mutual respect among the
participants.
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
 Duration/ frequency: 1- 1 1/2 hours/ once or twice a week Participants:
Counselor, 2 co-facilitators, 8-10 residents
 The Encounter Group serves as a “safety valve” within the community which
is usually high pressured and structured.
 It is a forum for members of the community to verbally express pent-up or
negative emotions within a structured and safe environment without resorting
to violence or aggression and without fear of reprisal.
 There are strict behavioral norms and rules observed during an encounter
group such as no violence or threat of violence, no attack on personal
dignity, speak only for oneself and remain seated at all times.
 The primary goal of an encounter group is to raise awareness of behaviors
and explore the underlying feelings that led to such negative emotions.
 The flow of the encounter should pass through the four (4)
phases:
 Confrontation:
 This phase involves verbalization of concerns or honest disclosure of emotions that has been provoked
during interpersonal interactions with another resident.
 The focus should always be about how one feels because of the behavior of the other.

 Exploration:
 This phase hopes to enhance the insight of both parties and encourage ownership of one’s mistake and take
accountability

 Resolution and Commitment:

 From the feedbacks received, the resident involved will now express how he feels about the whole thing and
may own up his behavior which has caused the conflict.
 He then goes on to make commitments to avoid such occurrence in the future.

 Socialization:
 The purpose is to achieve closure, reaffirm relationship and maintain the unity of the community so that all
those involved can move on and leave the past behind.