Mixtures
Mixtures
Mixtures
Matter
Pure substance:
• Fixed (constant) composition and unique properties.
• Contains only 1 type of particle
• Can be an element (like Cu) or a compound (like NaCl)
• Homogeneous (looks the same throughout)
Mixture:
• Contains at least 2 PHYSICALLY combined substances
• can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Homogeneous Matter
• Looks the same throughout
• Particles are evenly distributed
• Properties are uniform
• Can be pure or a mixture
– Element: pure substance, only 1 type of atom
– Compound: pure substance, 2 or more CHEMICALLY
combined elements
• (not easily separated from each other)
• Ex: water, CO2 , NaCl
– Solution: a special kind of mixture
• SOLUTE dissolves & SOLVENT does the dissolving
• PHYSICALLY combined and can be PHYSICALLY separated
Ex: food coloring and water
salt water
Heterogeneous Matter
• Does not look the same throughout
• Particles are not evenly distributed
• Properties are not uniform
• Always a MIXTURE (solutions are
mixtures that are NOT heterogeneous)
• 2 or more PHYSICALLY combined
substances
MATTER
No Is it uniform Yes
throughout?
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
mixture
No Can it be separated yes
by physical means?
Element Compound
Homogeneus Mixtures (Solutions)
• Homogeneous mixture:
– a mixture in which the components are
evenly distributed among each other.
– You cannot see the component parts.
• Homogeneous means the same
throughout.
• It has a constant composition
throughout.
Examples: Salt dissolved in water,
sugar dissolved in water, apple
juice, tea, copper (II) sulfate
solution in water, alloys....
Solutions
• Well-mixed (uniform) –
single phase
• homogeneous
• cannot be separated by
filter
• Ex.
– Mud or muddy water, where soil, clay, or silt
particles are suspended in water.
– Paint (needs to be mixed before use)
– Snow globe (eventually settles)
– Orange Juice (needs to be shaken before use)
•Suspensions like coffee are easily
filtered to take out the tiny solid
clumps floating in the liquid.
• Heterogeneous Matter
– ________________ look the same throughout
– Particles are __________________ distributed
– Properties are ______________________
• Always a ___________
• 2 or more _____________combined substances
(elements/compounds)
MATTER
No Is it uniform Yes
throughout?
Particle Type
Particle Size
Scatter Light?
(TYNDALL EFFECT)
Settle while
standing?
Separate by
filtration?