Art of War
Art of War
Art of War
Introduction
Biographical Sketch
Salient Features of His Ideas and Strategies Impact of His Ideas on Conduct of War Validity of His Ideas and Doctrine to Modern Times
Place in History
Introduction
Supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemys resistance without fighting
Sequence
Introduction Biographical Sketch Salient Features of His Ideas and Strategies Impact of His Ideas on Conduct of War Validity of His Ideas and Doctrine to Modern Times Place in History
Biographical Sketch
5
Biographical Sketch
Names : Sun Tzu, Sun Wu, Sun Zi Name means : Master Sun Born : 5th Century BC
Biographical Sketch
King Ho Lu
Biographical Sketch
If the words of command are not clear and distinct, or if the instructions are not understood, it is the mistake of general Having once received his majestys commission to be general of these troops, there are certain commands, which in this capacity, I am unable to accept If the orders are clear but the soldiers disobey, it is the fault of their officers
Biographical Sketch
PING FA
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11
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Salient Features
Sun Tzu
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7.
Manoeuvre
8.
9. 10. 11. 12.
Nine Variables
Marches Terrain Nine Grounds Act by Fire
Offensive Strategy
Dispositions
4.
5.
6.
Energy
Weaknesses and Strengths
13.
Secret Agents
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Appraisals
Moral Law Weather Terrain Commander Doctrine
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Appraisals
Moral Law Weather Terrain Commander Doctrine
To be in complete harmony with their leader, so that they accompany him in life unto death, without fear of mortal perils
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Appraisals
Moral Law Weather Terrain Commander Doctrine
Interaction of natural forces; the effects of winters cold and summers heat and the conduct of military operations accordingly
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Appraisals
Moral Law Weather Terrain Commander Doctrine
Ground Ease or Difficulty Distances Great or Small Places Dangerous or Secure Lands Open or Constricted Chances Life or Death
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Appraisals
Moral Law Weather Terrain Commander Doctrine
Wisdom Sincerity Humanity Courage Firmness
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Appraisals
Moral Law Weather Terrain Commander Doctrine
Waging War
Victory is the main object in war. If this is prolonged,
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Waging War
No country has ever benefited from prolonged war
Speed and swiftness is the essence of victory Rapidity is of supreme importance in bringing it to a close
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Waging War
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Offensive Strategy
All the available resources of the state should be used to wage war against the enemy It is important to attack enemys strategy and plans. Next to disrupt his alliances and then to attack his army
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Offensive Strategy
Those skilled in war subdue the enemy without fighting. They capture his cities without assaulting them and over throw his state without protracted operations Know the enemy and know yourself; in hundred battles you will never be in danger
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Dispositions
Invincibility lies in defence; the possibility of victory in attack A victorious army wins its victories before seeking battle; an army destined to defeat, fights in the hope of winning Those skilled in war, cultivate humanity and justice, and preserve laws and therefore formulate victorious policies
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Energy
To control many is the same as to control few through formations and signals
influence and authority Force, When the torrential water which is exercised in war by tosses the rocks, it is because the commander of its momentum
When the strike of a hawk breaks the body of its prey, it is because of its timing
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Energy
Momentum of one skilled in war is overwhelming, and his attack precisely regulated His potential is that of a fully drawn crossbow; his timing, the release of the trigger
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expects
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Manoeuvre
Speed and diversion
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Manoeuvre
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3.
4.
5.
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6. 7. 8. 9.
Some roads, not to follow Some troops, not to strike Some cities, not to assault Some grounds, not to be contested
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Marches
1. 2.
3.
When attacking, let half the enemy cross the river and then cut him to size
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Marches
4.
After crossing a river move away quickly Prefer high ground and take position upstream
5.
6.
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Marches
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Terrains
Accessible Land Enemy can traverse with equal ease
Entrapping Land Easy to get out but difficult to return Indecisive Land Ground equally disadvantageous to both sides
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Terrains
Constricted Land Block the passes and await the enemy Precipitous Land Take position on the sunny heights and await the enemy Distant Land When at a distance from the enemy of equal strength, it is difficult to provoke battle and unprofitable to engage him in his chosen position
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Nine Grounds
Dispersive Ground When a feudal lord fights in his own territory
Frontier Ground When a shallow penetration has been made into enemy territory Key Ground Equally advantageous for both sides Communicating Ground Equally accessible for both sides Focal Ground When a state is enclosed by three other states
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Nine Grounds
Serious Ground When penetrated deep into hostile territory
Difficult Ground Hard places like swamps, marshlands, mountains, forests etc Encircled Ground Where access is constricted and even small enemy force can strike Death Ground Where army fights with the courage of desperation
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Act by Fire
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Act by Fire
frequently
Learn to move at night
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Secret Agents
Foreknowledge cannot be obtained from spirits, nor from gods, nor by analogy with past events, nor from calculations. It must be obtained from men who
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Secret Agents
Native Agents Local inhabitants of the area
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Secret Agents
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Sequence
Sqn Ldr Adnan Introduction Biographical Sketch Salient Features of His Ideas and Strategies Sqn Ldr Shahzad Impact of His Ideas on Conduct of War Validity of His Ideas and Doctrine to Modern Times Place in History
48
Conduct of War
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50
51
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When capable, pretend incapacity; when active, inactivity When near, make it appear that you are far away; when far that you are near Offer the enemy a bait to lure him, pretend disorder and strike him
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Protracted campaigns, lead to insufficient resources War demands victory, not prolonged operations
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Art of Generalship
Dangerous Qualities
Reckless
Coward Short tempered Delicate sense of honour Compassionate
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Art of Generalship
The ruin of army and the
death of the general are inevitable results of these shortcomings. These must be deeply pondered
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Impact on Leadership
Fight no battle unprepared and fight no battle you are not sure of winning
Replenish strength with arms and personnel captured from the enemy
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War in Pacific
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War in Pacific
December 7, 1941 Japanese bombing on Pearl Harbour When you are ignorant of the enemy
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Korean War
To be certain to take what you attack, attack the place where enemy does not protect
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Korean War
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Vietnam War
Deception and psychological dominance Hot, dark and wet Language was strange
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War in Afghanistan
Soviets were unfamiliar with the terrain and underestimated the will of Afghans Afghans were familiar with the terrain and employed guerilla warfare
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Place in History
71
Place in History
A compulsory course on
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Jomini
Clausewitz
Sun Tzu
73
Influence
Jomini American civil war
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Concept of War
Jomini Sun Tzu
75
War forms a part of existence of man Discovered secrets behind art of waging war War and violence : A corollary War is an act of violence to compel the enemy to fulfill our will War is a recurrent conscious act Requires a rational analysis Not to be fought thoughtlessly or recklessly
Clausewitz
Sun Tzu
76
Clausewitz
Jomini
Tactics
Taught Napoleans method of war but as conditions changed the methods became outdated
Sun Tzu
78
Clausewitz
Jomini
Clausewitz
Psycho-Moral Aspects
Hasnt mentioned much about it Jomini Sun Tzu
80
War is a battle of opposing wills, hence the breaching of enemys will should be the object of war Primary target in war is the mind of the opposing commander
Clausewitz
Terrain
Hasnt elaborated Jomini Sun Tzu
81
Geography and the character of ground bear a close relation to warfare. They have an influence on engagement, its planning and exploitation
A general who is unable to use ground properly is unfit for command
Clausewitz
Intelligence
Efficient espionage and aggressive reconnaissance is vital for battle plan
Hasnt covered
What enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike, conquer and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men, is foreknowledge
Sun Tzu
82
Clausewitz
Jomini
Stratagem
The skillful leader subdues the enemy troops without fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without any lengthy operations in field. With his forces intact, his triumph will be complete
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Aim of War
Destruction of enemy forces and capture of territory
Never grasped that true aim of war is peace and not victory
Sun Tzu
84
Clausewitz
Jomini
Application of theory
Never commanded a division Wrote about war from an observers viewpoint Never commanded a division Could not validate his theories through practice
Has put his own theories to test Wrote a treatise on war and proved his own theories
Sun Tzu
85
Clausewitz
Jomini
Conclusion
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