The document discusses different types of DC motors, including their design and operation. It describes brushed DC motors, brushless DC motors, and stepper motors. For brushed DC motors, it explains the rotor, brushes, and stator components and different winding types like permanent magnet, shunt wound, and series wound. For brushless DC motors, it outlines the rotor, stator, and hall sensor components as well as inner and outer rotor designs. Stepper motors are described as converting electrical pulses into precise rotational steps through their stator windings.
The document discusses different types of DC motors, including their design and operation. It describes brushed DC motors, brushless DC motors, and stepper motors. For brushed DC motors, it explains the rotor, brushes, and stator components and different winding types like permanent magnet, shunt wound, and series wound. For brushless DC motors, it outlines the rotor, stator, and hall sensor components as well as inner and outer rotor designs. Stepper motors are described as converting electrical pulses into precise rotational steps through their stator windings.
The document discusses different types of DC motors, including their design and operation. It describes brushed DC motors, brushless DC motors, and stepper motors. For brushed DC motors, it explains the rotor, brushes, and stator components and different winding types like permanent magnet, shunt wound, and series wound. For brushless DC motors, it outlines the rotor, stator, and hall sensor components as well as inner and outer rotor designs. Stepper motors are described as converting electrical pulses into precise rotational steps through their stator windings.
The document discusses different types of DC motors, including their design and operation. It describes brushed DC motors, brushless DC motors, and stepper motors. For brushed DC motors, it explains the rotor, brushes, and stator components and different winding types like permanent magnet, shunt wound, and series wound. For brushless DC motors, it outlines the rotor, stator, and hall sensor components as well as inner and outer rotor designs. Stepper motors are described as converting electrical pulses into precise rotational steps through their stator windings.
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DC Motors
Design Types of DC Motors • Brushed Motor
• Brushless Motor Brushed Motor design • Rotor- the rotating part of the motor
• Brushes- sliding contact used to transmit electrical current
from a static to a rotating part in a motor, ensuring a spark- free commutation.
• Stator- converts the rotating magnetic field to electric current.
Brushless Motor design • Rotor- the rotating part of the motor
• Stator- converts the rotating magnetic field to electric current.
• Hall Sensor - used to detect the position of the rotor and
transform it into an electrical signal. OPERATIONS Bryant David J. Carolino DC motor A DC motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. FLEMING’S LEFT HAND RULE FLEMING’S LEFT HAND RULE • The forefinger/pointer points to direction of the magnetic field. FLEMING’S LEFT HAND RULE The middle finger points in the direction of the current. FLEMING’S LEFT HAND RULE The thumb gives the direction of force or motion acting on the conductor. The working of DC motor is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force. TYPES OF DC MOTORS BAUTISTA, TRISTAN JEFF CACULITAN, RAE CHRISTOPHER TYPES
BRUSHED DC MOTOR BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR STEPPER MOTOR BRUSHED DC MOTOR What is a Brushed DC Motor ? The brushed DC electric motor generates torque directly from DC power supplied to the motor by using internal commutation, stationary magnets (permanent or electromagnets), and rotating electromagnets. Parts of a Brushed DC Motor Types of Brushed DC Motor Permanent Magnet Shunt Wound Series Wound
• Most common • Used in fractional horsepower applications • Great slow speed torque ( low • Examples: Toys, RC app., Slot • Decreasing torque at high speed end ) cars, Appliances, etc… • At low speed, higher more consistent torque - But, as load is removed, speed • More cost effective than wound • Excellent speed control increases sharply stators • Ideally suited for heavy loads, • - Responds very quickly to voltage examples: cranes and changes due to constant stator winches field ( good speed control ) • Drawback, Magnets lose their magnetic properties over time Compound Wound
● High torque at low speed w/
heavy loads, SWDC motors ● Great speed control, SHWDC motors ● Great for Industrial and automotive applications, example: generators BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR What is a Brushless DC Motor ?
A brushless DC motor (also known as a BLDC motor or BL motor) is an electronically commuted DC motor which does not have brushes. The controller provides pulses of current to the motor windings which control the speed and torque of the synchronous motor.
These types of motors are highly efficient in producing a large amount of torque over a vast speed range. In brushless motors, permanent magnets rotate around a fixed armature and overcome the problem of connecting current to the armature. Commutation with electronics has a large scope of capabilities and flexibility. They are known for smooth operation and holding torque when stationary. Parts Of A Brushless Dc Motor
Rotor – The Rotating part of Stator – The Stationary part of Hall Sensor - used to detect the the BLDC (Permanent the BLDC with Coil position of the rotor and magnet) windings(Electromagnet) transform it into an electrical signal. Most BLDC Motors use three Hall Sensors that are embedded into the stator to sense the rotor’s position. Types Of Brushless DC Motors Inner Rotor Design Outer Rotor Design In an inner rotor design, the rotor is In outer rotor design, the rotor located in the centre of the motor and surrounds the winding which is the stator winding surround the rotor. located in the core of the motor. Working Principle Of BLDC Consider the following setup of three windings in the stator designated A, B and C. For the sake of understanding, let us replace the rotor with a single magnet. We know that when a current is applied through a coil, a magnetic field is generated and the orientation of the field lines i.e. the poles of the generated magnet will depend on the direction of the current flowing through the coil.
Using this principle, if we supply current to the coil A so that it will
generate a magnetic field and attract the rotor magnet. The position of the rotor magnet will shift slightly clockwise and will align with A.
If we now pass current through coils B and C one after the other (in that order), the rotor magnet will rotate in clock wise direction.
To increase efficiency, we can wind the opposite coils using a single coil so that we get double attraction. Further increasing the efficiency, we can energize two coils at the same time so that one coil will attract the magnet and the other coil will repel it. STEPPER MOTOR What is a Stepper Motor ?
Stepper Motor is a brushless electromechanical device which converts the train of electric pulses applied at their excitation windings into precisely defined step-by-step mechanical shaft rotation. The shaft of the motor rotates through a fixed angle for each discrete pulse. This rotation can be linear or angular. It gets one step movement for a single pulse input. The number of input pulses given to the motor decides the step angle and hence the position of motor shaft is controlled by controlling the number of pulses. If the step angle is smaller, the greater will be the number of steps per revolutions and higher will be the accuracy of the position obtained. This unique feature makes the stepper motor to be well suitable for open-loop control system wherein the precise position of the shaft is maintained with exact number of pulses without using a feedback sensor. Another thing to note is the speed of rotation is relative to the frequency of those pulses. Parts of a Stepper Motor
Stator – Toothed electromagnets.
Rotor – has gear shaped structure, varies composition depending on the type. Types of Stepper Motors and Working Principle Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor Hybrid Synchronous Stepper Motor
Working of A Hybrid Stepper Motor
Driving Modes
Single-coil Excitation/Wave Drive – Single coil is active Full Step Drive – 2 active coils at a given time at a time
Half Step Drive – Combination of Wave and Full
step Drive. Microstepping – Application of Half step drive by continually varying current. Unipolar and Bipolar Stepper Motors Step motors are mostly two phase motors. These can be unipolar or bipolar.
Unipolar Bipolar • there are two winding per phase. • Single winding per phase/pole • The direction of current need to be changed • The two winding may have a one lead common (centre tapped) by the driving circuit so the driving circuit of • Simple operation because there is no need to reverse the current the bipolar stepper becomes complex in driving the circuit Example Circuit
Monostable circuit Astable circuit Shift Register/Sequencer circuit Line Driver Unipolar Stepper Motor(5 lead) DC MOTORS Uses and Applications
Arcelie T. Baguio BET-EsET-NS-3A Direct Current machines have numerous applications. These applications range from our daily life to any complex applications Brushless motors find applications in such places as computer peripherals (disk drives, printers), hand-held power tools and vehicles ranging from model aircraft to automobiles.
They are essentially used in applications that
require high efficiency, longevity and worth to the cost. Applications for Brushless Motor
- Transport -Cordless tools - Heating and Ventilation -Industrial Engineering - Aeromodeling - Radio-Controlled Cars Brushed Motors continue to be used for electrical propulsion, cranes, paper machines and steel rolling mills Stepper motor are a robust motion control technology and can be found inside of many common machines and equipment. Applications of Stepper DC Motor - 3D printing equipments - Textile Machines - Printing presses - Gaming Machines - Medical Imaging Machinery - Welding Equipment Thank You! REFERENCES: https://www.microchip.com/stellent/groups/SiteComm_sg/documents/DeviceDoc/en543041.pdf https://www.electrical4u.com/brushless-dc-motors/ https://www.electronicshub.org/dc-motor/ https:// www.electricaltechnology.org/2016/12/stepper-motor-construction-types-and-modes-of-operation.html#what-is -a-stepper-motor PETRUZELLA Elec Motors and Controls http://www.robotpark.com/Stepper-Motors https://howtomechatronics.com/how-it-works/electrical-engineering/stepper-motor/ http://www.robotpark.com/Stepper-Motors
