GRUPO DE LOS

ANFÍBOLES

Marco Antonio Márquez G, PhD.

ANFÍBOLES

 Los anfíboles pertenecen, dentro del

grupo de los silicatos, a los
inosilicatos.
 Dentro de este grupo  piroxenos y
los anfíboles
DIFERENCIA ENTRE EL GRUPO DE LOS
ANFÍBOLES Y EL GRUPO DE LOS PIROXENOS

PIROXENOS
(cadena sencilla)

ANFÍBOLES
(cadena doble)
COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA

Fórmula general:
W0-1X2Y5Z8O22(OH,F)2

W= Na+ y K+  sitio A
X= Ca2+, Na+,Mn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+y Li+  sitio M4
Y= Mn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Ti4+  sitios
M1, M2, M3
Z= Si4+, Al3+  sitio tetraedral
Anfíboles de Fe-Mg-Ca
Clasificación de los anfíboles
con base en W0-1X2Y5Z8O22(OH,F)2
CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS ANFÍBOLES

Ortoanfíboles  sistema rómbico 

antofilita

Clinoanfíboles  sistema monoclínico 

cummingtonita, grunerita, tremolita,
actinolita, hornblenda, glaucofana,
riebeckita
Anfíbol
Anfíbol
Anfíbol
Estructura del Anfíbol
Anfíboles más comunes

Descripción individual
Antofilita - ORTOANFÍBOL

 Chemical Formula: [ ]Mg7Si8O22(OH)2

 Composition:
Magnesium   21.79 %  Mg    36.13 % MgO    
Silicon     28.78 %  Si    61.56 % SiO2    
Hydrogen     0.26 %  H      2.31 % H2O    
Oxygen      49.18 %  O
                          100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Metamorphic rocks
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1861
 Locality: Bodenmais, Germany. Montana, USA
 Name Origin: From the Latin anthophyllum - "clove"
in allusion to the color
 Synonym: ICSD 40294   PDF 42-544
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: {210} Perfect, [110] Distinct, [010] Distinct
 Color: White, Greenish gray, Green, Clove brown, Brownish
green.
 Density: 2.85 - 3.57, Average = 3.21
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent
 Fracture: Conchoidal - Fractures developed in brittle
materials characterized by smoothly curving surfaces, (e.g.
quartz).
 Habit: Fibrous - Crystals made up of fibers
 Habit: Lamellar - Thin laminae producing a lamellar
structure
 Habit: Massive - Uniformly indistinguishable crystals
forming large masses
 Hardness: 5-6 - Between Apatite and Orthoclase
 Luminescence: Non-fluorescent
 Luster: Vitreous - Pearly
 Streak: gray
Antofilita
Antofilita
Antofilita
Antofilita
Antofilita
ANTOFILITA
TREMOLITA

 Chemical Formula: [ ]Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2

 Composition:
Calcium      9.87 %  Ca    13.81 % CaO    
Magnesium   14.96 %  Mg    24.81 % MgO    
Silicon     27.66 %  Si    59.17 % SiO2    
Hydrogen     0.25 %  H      2.22 % H2O    
Oxygen      47.27 %  O
100.00 %      100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Contact metamorphism of
Ca rich rocks
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1790
 Locality: Tremola Valley, Alps.
 Name Origin: Named after its locality
 Synonym: ICSD 30126   PDF 44-1402
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [110] Perfect, [010] Distinct
 Color: Brown, Colorless, Gray, White, Light green.
 Density: 2.9 - 3.2, Average = 3.05
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent
 Fracture: Sub Conchoidal - Fractures developed in
brittle materials characterized by semi-curving
surfaces.
 Habit: Columnar - Forms columns
 Habit: Massive - Fibrous - Distinctly fibrous fine-
grained forms.
 Habit: Massive - Granular - Common texture observed
in granite and other igneous rock.
 Hardness: 5-6 - Between Apatite and Orthoclase
 Luminescence: Fluorescent, Short UV=yellow, Long
UV=pink.
 Luster: Vitreous - Pearly
 Streak: white
TREMOLITA - Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2
TREMOLITA - Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2
TREMOLITA
TREMOLITA
TREMOLITA
TREMOLITA
TREMOLITA - UV
ACTINOLITA
 Chemical Formula: Ca2(Mg,Fe++)5Si8O22(OH)2
 Composition:
Calcium      9.16 %  Ca    12.81 % CaO    
Magnesium    8.33 %  Mg    13.81 % MgO    
Iron        12.76 %  Fe    16.41 % FeO    
Silicon     25.66 %  Si    54.91 % SiO2    
Hydrogen     0.23 %  H      2.06 % H2O    
Oxygen      43.86 %  O
                100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Metamorphic rocks
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1794
 Locality: Common world wide
 Name Origin: From the Greek, aktinos, meaning "ray" in
allusion to actinolite's fibrous nature
 Synonym: Byssolite   Hexagonite (Mn)   ICSD 24900  
Mountain Leather   Nephrite Jade   PDF 41-1366  
Smaragdite - emerald green
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [110] Perfect, [010] Perfect
 Color: Green, Green black, Gray green, Black.
 Density: 2.98 - 3.1, Average = 3.04
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to transparent
 Fracture: Splintery - Thin, elongated fractures
produced by intersecting good cleavages or partings
(e.g. hornblende).
 Habit: Bladed - Aggregates of thin lath-like crystals
(e.g. kyanite).
 Habit: Fibrous - Crystals made up of fibers.
 Habit: Radial - Crystals radiate from a center without
producing stellar forms (e.g. stibnite)
 Hardness: 5.5 - Knife Blade
 Luminescence: Non-fluorescent.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
ACTINOLITA

Diferencia con la tremolita  cantidades variables de Fe y Mg en

su estructura
ACTINOLITA
ACTINOLITA
ACTINOLITA
ACTINOLITA
ACTINOLITA
ACTINOLITA
ACTINOLITA en Qz
ACTINOLITA en Qz
Hornblenda (magnesiohornblenda)
 Chemical Formula: Ca2[Mg4(Al,Fe+++)]Si7AlO22(OH)2
 Composition:
Calcium      9.76 %  Ca    13.66 % CaO    
Magnesium   11.84 %  Mg    19.63 % MgO    
Aluminum     5.75 %  Al    10.86 % Al2O3    
Iron         1.70 %  Fe     2.43 % Fe2O3    
Silicon     23.94 %  Si    51.22 % SiO2    
Hydrogen     0.25 %  H      2.19 % H2O    
Oxygen      46.76 %  O
100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Ca2Mg4Al0.75Fe3+0.25(Si7AlO22)(OH)2
 Environment: Igneous and metamorphic rocks
 IMA Status: Approved IMA 1978
 Locality: Probably common worldwide in "hornblende" granites
and shists
 Name Origin: Named for the composition and its relationship to
hornblende
 Synonym: Aluminomagnesiohornblende   Hornblende   ICSD
79834   PDF 45-1371
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [???] Perfect, [???] Distinct
 Color: Brown, Green, Greenish brown, Greenish
black, Dark green.
 Density: 3 - 3.47, Average = 3.23
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to opaque
 Fracture: Sub Conchoidal - Fractures developed in
brittle materials characterized by semi-curving
surfaces.
 Habit: Columnar - Forms columns
 Habit: Massive - Fibrous - Distinctly fibrous fine-
grained forms.
 Habit: Massive - Granular - Common texture
observed in granite and other igneous rock.
 Hardness: 5-6 - Between Apatite and Orthoclase
 Luminescence: Non-fluorescent.
 Luster: Vitreous - Pearly
 Streak: white
Hornblenda
Hornblenda
Hornblenda
Hornblenda
Hornblenda
Hornblenda
Glaucofana
 Chemical Formula: [ ]Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2
 Composition:
Sodium      5.87 %  Na     7.91 % Na2O    
Magnesium    9.31 %  Mg    15.43 % MgO    
Aluminum     6.89 %  Al    13.01 % Al2O3    
Silicon     28.68 %  Si    61.35 % SiO2    
Hydrogen     0.26 %  H      2.30 % H2O    
Oxygen      49.01 %  O
100.00 %      100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula:
K0.6Na0.05Fe3+1.3Mg0.4Fe2+0.2Al0.3Si3.8O10(OH)2
 Environment: Metamorphic blue shists
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1845
 Locality: Common world wide
 Name Origin: From the Greek glaukos - "blue" and
fanos - "appearing"
 Synonym: ICSD 24433   PDF 20-453
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [110] Good, [001] Good
 Color: Gray, Bluish black, Lavender blue, Azure blue.
 Density: 3 - 3.15, Average = 3.07
 Diaphaniety: Translucent
 Fracture: Brittle - Conchoidal - Very brittle fracture
producing small, conchoidal fragments.
 Habit: Columnar - Forms columns
 Habit: Granular - Generally occurs as anhedral to
subhedral crystals in matrix.
 Habit: Massive - Fibrous - Distinctly fibrous fine-
grained forms.
 Hardness: 6-6.5 - Orthoclase-Pyrite
 Luminescence: Non-fluorescent.
 Luster: Vitreous - Pearly
 Streak: grayish blue
Glaucofana
Glaucofana
Glaucofana
Mil gracias….

Por su
paciencia!!!!!!