Filosilicatos

FILOSILICATOS
Marco Antonio Márquez G

Introdución
 Capas de tetraedros compartiendo los

oxígenos de la base
 Capas coplanares o no
 Combinadas con capas de octaedros
en dos patrones:
 Trioctaedral
 Dioctaedral
Grupos
 Tres grupos:
 Grupo de las micas
 Grupo de la serpentina
 Grupo de las arcillas

Composición de las micas
X2Y4-6Si6Al2O20(OH)4
Moscovita
 Chemical Formula: KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH,F)2
 Composition:
Potassium 9.81 % K 11.81 % K2O
Aluminum 20.30 % Al 38.36 % Al2O3
Silicon 21.13 % Si 45.21 % SiO2
Hydrogen 0.46 % H 4.07 % H2O
Oxygen 47.35 % O
Fluorine 0.95 % F 0.95 % F
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: KAl3Si3O10(OH)1.8F0.2
 Environment: Granites and pegmatites.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1850
 Locality: Common world wide.
 Name Origin: From Muscovy glass, alluding to the
Russian province of Muscovy.
 Synonym: Binnite (Ba) Fuchsite (Cr) Isinglass Potash
Mica
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect
 Color: White, Gray, Silver white, Brownish white,
Greenish white.
 Density: 2.77 - 2.88, Average = 2.82
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent
 Fracture: Brittle - Sectile - Brittle fracture with
slightly sectile shavings possible.
 Habit: Foliated - Two dimensional platy forms.
 Habit: Massive - Lamellar - Distinctly foliated fine-
grained forms.
 Habit: Micaceous - Platy texture with "flexible"
plates.
 Hardness: 2-2.5 - Gypsum-Finger Nail
 Luminescence: None.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Pink crystals of fluorapatite with pale blue beryl (aquamarine) on
books of muscovite crystals
Flogopita
 Chemical Formula: KMg3(Si3Al)O10(F,OH)2
 Composition:
Magnesium 17.39 % Mg 28.84 % MgO
Aluminum 6.44 % Al 12.16 % Al2O3
Silicon 20.10 % Si 42.99 % SiO2
Hydrogen 0.24 % H 2.15 % H2O
Oxygen 41.98 % O
Fluorine 4.53 % F 4.53 % F
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Contact and regional metamorphic
limestones and dolomites. Ultramafic igneous rocks.
 Locality: St. Lawrence Co., at Edwards, New York, USA.
 Name Origin: From the Greek flogopos - "resembling
fire."
 Synonym: Magnesium Mica
 Color: Brown, Gray, Green, Yellow, Reddish brown.
 Density: 2.7 - 2.9, Average = 2.8
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage)
fractured in an uneven pattern.
 Habit: Lamellar - Thin laminae producing a lamellar
structure.
 Habit: Micaceous - Platy texture with "flexible"
plates.
 Habit: Scaly - Morphology like fish scales.
 Hardness: 2-2.5 - Gypsum-Finger Nail
 Luster: Vitreous - Pearly
 Streak: white
Biotita
 Chemical Formula: K(Mg,Fe++)3[AlSi3O10(OH,F)2
 Composition:
Iron 6.44 % Fe 8.29 % FeO
Silicon 19.44 % Si 41.58 % SiO2
Hydrogen 0.41 % H 3.64 % H2O
Oxygen 43.36 % O
Fluorine 1.10 % F 1.10 % F
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: KMg2.5Fe2+0.5AlSi3O10(OH)1.75F0.25
 Environment: Granitic rocks. Forms a series with phlogopite. Has several
polytypes (1M, 3T, 2M1). Biotite is now a group name for phlogopite,
siderophyllite and eastonite.
 IMA Status: Not Approved IMA 1998
 Locality: Common world wide.
 Name Origin: Named in 1847 after the French physicist, Jean Baptiste
Biot (1774 - 1862), who studied the optical properties of the micas.
 Synonym: Iron Mica Lepidomelane (Fe) Manganophyllite
(Mn) Micaceous Iron Ore
Prismatic wohlerite crystals with lepidomelane (Fe-rich biotite).
Fibrous mass of anthophyllite as a shell around biotite
 Color: Dark brown, Greenish brown, Blackish brown,
Yellow, White.
 Density: 2.8 - 3.4, Average = 3.09
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent to opaque
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured
in an uneven pattern.
structure.
 Habit: Micaceous - Platy texture with "flexible" plates.
 Habit: Pseudo Hexagonal - Crystals show a hexagonal
outline.
 Hardness: 2.5-3 - Finger Nail-Calcite
 Streak: gray
Vermiculita
 Chemical Formula:
(Mg,Fe++,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2·4(H2O)
 Composition:
Aluminum 23.01 % Al 43.48 % Al2O3
Iron 9.97 % Fe 12.82 % FeO
Silicon 5.57 % Si 11.92 % SiO2
Hydrogen 2.00 % H 17.87 % H2O
Oxygen 50.77 % O
100.00 % 100.48 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula:
Mg1.8Fe2+0.9Al4.3SiO10(OH)2·4(H2O)
 Name Origin: From the Latin vermiculus, "little
worm."
 Color: Colorless, Green, Gray white, Yellow
brown.
 Density: 2.3 - 2.7, Average = 2.5
 Diaphaniety: Translucent
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not
cleavage) fractured in an uneven pattern.
 Habit: Lamellar - Thin laminae producing a
lamellar structure.
 Hardness: 1.5-2 - Talc-Gypsum
 Luster: Vitreous - Dull
 Streak: greenish white
Clorita (Tosudita)-Grupo del Clinocloro
 Chemical Formula: Na0,5(Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)8O18(OH)12·5(H2O)
(Mg,Fe)5(Al,Fe3+)2Si3O10(OH)8
 Composition:
Sodium 1.18 % Na 1.59 % Na2O
Aluminum 13.85 % Al 26.18 % Al2O3
Silicon 20.19 % Si 43.19 % SiO2
Hydrogen 2.28 % H 20.35 % H2O
Oxygen 57.51 % O
100.00 % 99.59 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Na0.5Al4Mg2Si7AlO18(OH)12·5(H2O)
 Environment: Hydrothermal alteration product of tuffs,
andesites, sediments, and so on.
 IMA Status: Approved IMA 1963
 Locality: Al-tosudite - Alushta, Crimea, Russia. Mg-tosudite -
Kamakita mine, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Li-tosudite - Himalaya
pegmatite, San Diego County, Californina, USA.
 Name Origin: Named for Toshio Sudo (1911-), Japanese
mineralogist and crystallographer, University of Tokyo, Japan.
 Synonym: Alushtite Chlorite
 Color: Azure, Blue white, Green,
Yellow, White.
 Density: 2.42
 Habit: Massive - Lamellar - Distinctly
foliated fine-grained forms.
 Hardness: 1-2 - Between Talc and
Gypsum
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Lepidolita
 Chemical Formula: K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(F,OH)2
 Composition:
Potassium 10.07 % K 12.13 % K2O
Lithium 3.58 % Li 7.70 % Li2O
Silicon 28.93 % Si 61.89 % SiO2
Hydrogen 0.26 % H 2.32 % H2O
Oxygen 45.32 % O
Fluorine 4.89 % F 4.89 % F
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: KLi2AlSi4O10F(OH)
 Environment: Lithia-bearing pegmatites.
 Locality: Pala, San Diego Co., California, USA.
 Name Origin: From the Greek lepidion - "scale" and lithos
- "stone."
 Synonym: Lithium Mica
 Color: Colorless, Gray white, Lilac, Yellowish, White.
 Density: 2.8 - 2.9, Average = 2.84
 Habit: Massive - Uniformly indistinguishable crystals
forming large masses.
 Habit: Platy - Sheet forms (e.g. micas).
 Streak: white
Margarita
 Chemical Formula: CaAl2(Al2Si2)O10(OH)2
 Composition:
Calcium 10.07 % Ca 14.08 % CaO
Aluminum 27.10 % Al 51.21 % Al2O3
Silicon 14.11 % Si 30.18 % SiO2
Hydrogen 0.51 % H 4.52 % H2O
Oxygen 48.22 % O
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: CaAl4Si2O10(OH)2
 Environment: Commonly associated with corundum
as an alteration product.
 Locality: Corundum mines at Ekaterinurg Distict,
Ural Mountains, Russia.
 Name Origin: From the Greek margaritos - "pearl."
 Cleavage: [001] Good
 Color: White, Gray, Pinkish gray, Yellowish gray.
 Density: 2.99 - 3.08, Average = 3.03
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to subtranslucent
 Fracture: Brittle - Generally displayed by glasses
and most non-metallic minerals.
structure.
 Habit: Massive - Lamellar - Distinctly foliated fine-
grained forms.
 Hardness: 4 - Fluorite
 Luster: Pearly
 Streak: white
Glauconita
 Chemical Formula: (K,Na)(Fe+++,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
 Composition:
Sodium 0.27 % Na 0.36 % Na2O
Iron 19.62 % Fe 3.37 % FeO / 24.31 % Fe2O3
Silicon 25.00 % Si 53.48 % SiO2
Hydrogen 0.47 % H 4.22 % H2O
Oxygen 44.97 % O
100.00 % 99.72 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: K0.6Na0.05Fe3+1.3Mg0.4Fe2+0.2Al0.3Si3.8O10(OH)2
 Environment: Altered from detrital biotite by marine diagenesis
in shallow water under reducing conditions; especially in
sandstone.
 Locality: Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. Common world wide.
 Name Origin: From the Greek "glaucos" for the blue green color.
 Color: Blue green, Green, Yellow green.
 Density: 2.4 - 2.95, Average = 2.67
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to Subopaque
 Habit: Micaceous - Platy texture with
"flexible" plates.
 Hardness: 2 - Gypsum
 Luminescence: Non-fluorescent.
 Luster: Earthy (Dull)
 Magnetism: Nonmagnetic
 Streak: light green
Paragénesis de las micas
 Primary minerals in igneous and
metamorphic rocks
 Muscovite: Metamorphic rocks (pelitic
schists), some granites.
 Biotite: Metamorphic rocks (pelitic
schists), all granites and granodiorites.
 Phlogopite: Ultramafic rocks
(kimberlites), metamorphosed Mg-rich
limestones
 Chlorite: Alteration product of biotite in
retrograde metamorphic rocks;
greenschist facies.
Grupo de la
serpentina y el
talco
 Amesite:Mg 2Al[(OH) 4|AlSiO  Kaolinite:Al 2Si 2O 5(OH) 4
5]  Kellyite:Mn2+2Al[(OH) 4|AlSi
 Antigorite:(Mg,Fe2+ ) 3[(OH) O 5]
4|Si 2O 5]  Lizardite:Mg 3[(OH) 4|Si 2O
 Berthierine:(Fe,Fe,Mg) 2- 5]
3(Si,Al) 2O 5(OH) 4  Manandonite:LiAl 4Si 3BO 10
 Brindleyite:(Ni,Mg,Fe) 2Al(Si, (OH) 6
Al)O 5(OH) 4  Nacrite:Al 2Si 2O 5(OH) 4
 Caryopilite:(Mn,Mg) 3Si 2O 5  Népouite:(Ni,Mg) 3Si 2O 5(O
(OH) 4 H) 4
 Clinochrysotile:Mg 3Si 2O 5(  Odinite:(Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn) 2
OH) 4 .4(Si,Al) 2O 5(OH) 4
 Cronstedtite:Fe2+2Fe3+ [(Si,  Orthochrysotile:Mg 3Si 2O 5(
Fe3+ )O 5](OH) 4 OH) 4
 Dickite:Al 2Si 2O 5(OH) 4  Parachrysotile:Mg 3Si 2O 5(O
 Fraipontite:(Zn,Al) 3(Si,Al) 2 H) 4
O 5(OH) 4  Pecoraite:Ni 3[(OH) 4|Si 2O
 Greenalite:(Fe,Fe) 2- 5]
3Si 2O 5(OH) 4
 Halloysite:Al 2Si 2O 5(OH) 4
Antigorita
 Chemical Formula: (Mg,Fe++)3Si2O5(OH)4
 Composition:
Iron 13.93 % Fe 17.92 % FeO
Silicon 18.68 % Si 39.95 % SiO2
Hydrogen 1.34 % H 11.98 % H2O
Oxygen 47.88 % O
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Mg2.25Fe2+0.75(Si2O5)(OH)4
 Environment: Common in regional and contact
metamorphosed serpentinites
 Locality: Antigorio, Italy
 Name Origin: Named after its locality. From the Latin,
serpens - "snake."
 Synonym:
Bowenite Jenkinsite Picrolite Picrosmine Williamsite
 Cleavage: [001] Good
 Color: Green, Gray, Bluish gray, Brown, Black.
 Density: 2.5 - 2.6, Average = 2.54
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to Subopaque
 Fracture: Brittle - Generally displayed by glasses
and most non-metallic minerals.
 Habit: Platy - Sheet forms (e.g. micas).
 Hardness: 3.5-4 - Copper Penny-Fluorite
 Luster: Vitreous - Greasy
 Streak: greenish white
Chromite veins in yellow to green antigorite with picrolite, chromian
antigorite and dolomite (polished section).
Location: Wood's Mine, near 'Texas', Little Britain Township,
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, USA.
Lizardita
 Chemical Formula: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4

 Composition:
Silicon 20.27 % Si 43.36 % SiO2
Hydrogen 1.45 % H 13.00 % H2O
Oxygen 51.96 % O
100.00 % 100.00 %
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA)

1956
 Synonym: Orthoantigorite

 Color: Green, Green blue, Yellow,
White.
 Density: 2.55 - 2.6, Average = 2.57
 Hardness: 2.5 - Finger Nail
 Streak: white
Lizardite pseudomorphously replacing olivine
Location: Snarum, Norway
Clinocrisotilo
 Composition:
Silicon 20.27 % Si 43.36 % SiO2
Hydrogen 1.45 % H 13.00 % H2O
Oxygen 51.96 % O
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
 Environment: Metamorphosed and hydrothermally-
altered ultra-basic rocks.
 Name Origin: From the Greek chrysos - "gold" and
tilos - "fiber."
 Synonym: Asbestos, Chrysotile, Deweylite,Mountain
Leather, Serpentine, amianto
 Cleavage: [???] Distinct
 Color: Green, Red, Yellow, White.
 Density: 2.53 - 2.65, Average = 2.59
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to opaque
 Fracture: Conchoidal - Fractures developed in brittle
materials characterized by smoothly curving surfaces,
(e.g. quartz).
 Habit: Amorphous - No crystalline form or imitative
shape.
 Habit: Granular - Generally occurs as anhedral to
subhedral crystals in matrix.
 Habit: Massive - Fibrous - Distinctly fibrous fine-grained
forms.
 Luminescence: Non-fluorescent.
 Luster: Resinous
 Streak: white
Aplicación
 Asbestos is commonly found in many
building materials and household items.
 Asbestos is a commercial term applied to
the asbestiform varieties of six different
minerals:
1. Chrysotile (asbestiform serpentine)
2. Amosite (asbestiform grunerite)
3. Crocidolite (asbestiform riebeckite)
4. Tremolite (asbestiform)
5. Actinolite (asbestiform)
6. Anthophyllite (asbestiform)
Aplicación
 The properties of asbestos that

caused it to be widely used
commercially are:
1. The ability to be separated into long, thin,
flexible fibers
2. High tensile strength
3. Low thermal and electrical conductivity
4. High mechanical and chemical durability
5. High heat resistance

Talco
 Composition:
Silicon 29.62 % Si 63.37 % SiO2
Hydrogen 0.53 % H 4.75 % H2O
Oxygen 50.62 % O
100.00 % 100.00 %
 Environment: Hydrothermal alteration of non-
aluminous magnesian silicates
Locality: Common world wide
 Name Origin: From the Arabic
 Synonym: Kerolite, Magnesium Talc, Soapstone,
Steatite - massive
 Color: Pale green, White, Gray white, Yellowish
white, Brownish white.
 Density: 2.7 - 2.8, Average = 2.75
 Hardness: 1 - Talc
 Luminescence: Fluorescent.
 Streak: white
White talc pseudomorphous after quartz
Location: Johannezeche, Bavaria, Germany
Pirofilita
 Chemical Formula: Al2Si4O10(OH)2
 Composition:
Aluminum 14.98 % Al 28.30 % Al2O3
Silicon 31.18 % Si 66.70 % SiO2
Hydrogen 0.56 % H 5.00 % H2O
Oxygen 53.28 % O
100.00 % 100.00 %
 Locality: Pyschminsk and Beresovsk, Ural
Mountains, Russia.
 Color: Brown green, Brownish yellow,
Greenish, Gray green, Gray white.
 Density: 2.8 - 2.9, Average = 2.84
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to opaque
 Fracture: Flexible - Flexible fragments.
 Habit: Earthy - Dull, clay-like texture with
no visible crystalline affinities, (e.g.
howlite).
 Luminescence: Fluorescent.
 Luster: Pearly
 Streak: white
Rutile on fine-grained pyrophyllite.
Location: Graves Mt. Georgia, USA.
Caolinita
 Chemical Formula: Al2Si2O5(OH)4
 Composition:
Aluminum 20.90 % Al 39.50 % Al2O3
Silicon 21.76 % Si 46.55 % SiO2
Hydrogen 1.56 % H 13.96 % H2O
Oxygen 55.78 % O
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Secondary mineral derived from the
wathering of alumino-silicate minerals
 Locality: Kao-Ling, China
 Name Origin: Named after the locality
 Synonym: Pianlinite - Disordered
 Color: White, Brownish white, Grayish white,
Yellowish white, Grayish green.
 Density: 2.6
 Fracture: Earthy - Dull, clay-like fractures with no
visible crystalline affinities, (e.g. howlite).
 Habit: Earthy - Dull, clay-like texture with no visible
crystalline affinities, (e.g. howlite).
 Streak: white
Pyramidal diagentic quartz overgrowth on a sand grain
with associated kaolinite platelets
Montmorillonita
 Chemical Formula: (Na,Ca)0,3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·n(H2O)
 Composition:
Sodium 0.84 % Na 1.13 % Na2O
Calcium 0.73 % Ca 1.02 % CaO
Silicon 20.46 % Si 43.77 % SiO2
Hydrogen 4.04 % H 36.09 % H2O
Oxygen 64.11 % O
100.00 % 100.58 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Na0.2Ca0.1Al2Si4O10(OH)2(H2O)10
 Locality: Veinne, Montmorillone, France.
 Name Origin: Named after the locality.
 Synonym: Bentonite
 Color: White, Gray white, Yellow, Brownish yellow,
Greenish yellow.
 Density: 2 - 2.7, Average = 2.35
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to Opaque
 Fracture: Earthy - Dull, clay-like fractures with no
visible crystalline affinities, (e.g. howlite).
 Habit: Earthy - Dull, clay-like texture with no visible
crystalline affinities, (e.g. howlite).
 Streak: white
Authigenic smectite (montmorillonite) overgrown on
pore spaces and authigenicly-overgrown quartz grains
in a sandstone. SEM image of a core sample

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FILOSILICATOS

Marco Antonio Márquez G

 Capas de tetraedros compartiendo los

 Grupo de las arcillas

 Chemical Formula: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4

 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA)

 Cleavage: [001] Perfect

 The properties of asbestos that

3. Low thermal and electrical conductivity

4. High mechanical and chemical durability

5. High heat resistance

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