LESSON 7.

1:
MAINTAIN A
HEALTHY AND SAFE
ENVIRONMENT
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

▸ Cleaning occurs as an ongoing process as per regulation.

▸ Used suitable cleaning agents, tools, and equipment in
accordance to established procedures.
▸ Followed infection control procedures according to established
procedures.
▸ Maintained adequate ventilation, lighting, and heating/cooling.
▸ Adhered to personal hygiene/health procedures at all times.
▸ Cleaned beds and beddings to conform to health hygiene and
safety.
 “
LESSON 7.1-1: REGULATIONS ON
SAFETY, HEALTH AND HYGIENE
 GENERAL SAFETY RULES YOU SHOULD
FOLLOW
▸ Report to your supervisor any unsafe conditions where you are
working.
▸ When you see something on the floor that does not belong there
pick it up. If you spilled liquid wipe it up.
▸ Avoid slippery floors. If cannot be avoided walk carefully.
▸ Remove scatter rugs. If you cannot remove it tack it down.
▸ Be sure to set the breaks on the wheelchair when a client is
getting in and out.
▸ Use side rails on the bed if there is a chance the client will fall
out.
▸ Do not work in poor light.
▸ Do not use any piece of equipment unless you are sure you
know how it works.
▸ Keep the telephone numbers of the police, rescue squad, fire
department, and poison control center near each telephone.
▸ Read labels of a container does not have one, do not use the
contents.
▸ Know how to get out the house in case of fire.
▸ Be aware of what accidents is most prevalent at different ages.
▸ Do not attempt a task if you have any doubt that you can do it.
▸ Do not reach into a garbage can or trash basket. You may hurt
yourself on

6
 Safety Precautions for the Aged:

▸ Be sure that there is adequate lighting for every task.

▸ Be alert to sensory changes that may or may not have taken
place.
▸ Protect your client from falling. Recovery from fall takes a
long time.
▸ Protect your client from burns. Temperature sensation
becomes less accurate as we age. Run cold water through a
faucet after you run hot water so if your client touches the
faucet he will not burn himself. Test the bath water yourself.
▸ If a confused client tells you he is going to do something that
you know to be harmful, take him seriously and protect him.

7
 Safety in the Bathroom

▸ Check if the toilet is secured to the floor and the seat to the
toilet.
▸ Check if the client can get up and down safely and if he needs
additional support.
▸ Check if the hot and cold water faucet is marked correctly.
▸ Check if the tub is too deep and if the client can get in and out
safely.
▸ Check if the client becomes weak while bathing.
▸ Check if there is proper ventilation in the bathroom.
▸ Check if the tiles are slippery when wet and if the bathmat is
secure on the floor.
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 LESSON 7.1-2
“Hazards identification and
risk reduction strategies”

9
  
Introduction

▸ Hazards are major causes of falls, fire, poisoning and

other accidents such as those caused by improper use of
household equipment (ex. Tools and cooking utensils).
The appraisal of such hazards and suggestions of
remedies is an essential caregiving action.

10
 Hazards appraisal
▸ Walkways and stairways (inside and outside)
Note an uneven sidewalks or paths, broken or loose steps, absence
of hand rails or placement on only one side of stairways, insecure
handrails, congested hallways or other traffic areas, and adequacy of
lighting at night.
▸ Floors
Note uneven and highly polished or slippery floors and any
unanchored rags or mats.
▸ Furniture
Note hazardous placement of furniture with sharp corners. Note
chairs or stools that are too low to get into and out of or that provide
inadequate support.

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▸ Bathroom (s)
Note presence of grab bars around tubs and toilets, non-slip
surfaces in tubs and shower stalls, handheld shower head, adequacy
of night lighting, need for raised toilet sit or bath chair in tub or
shower, is of access to shelves, and water temperature regulated at
a maximum of 49oC (120oF)
▸ Kitchen
Note pilot lights (gas stoves) in need of repair, inaccessible storage
areas, and hazardous furniture 
▸ Bedrooms
Note adequacy of lighting, in particular the availability of night-
lights and accessibility of light switches, is of access to commode,
urinal or bedpan, and need of hospital bed or bedrails.
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▸ Electrical
Note unanchored or frayed electrical cords and outlets that are
overloaded or near water
▸ Fire protection
Note presence or absence of smoke detectors, fire extinguisher, and fire
escape plan, improper storage of combustibles (ex. Gasoline) or
corrosives (ex. Rust remover)
▸ Toxic substances
Note improperly labeled cleaning solutions
▸ Communication devices
Note presence of method to call for help, such as a telephone or intercom
in the bedroom or elsewhere (ex, kitchen), and access to emergency
telephone numbers
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▸ Medications
Note medications kept beyond date of expiration, adequacy of lighting
cabinet or storage, and method of disposal of sharp objects such as
needles used for injections
▸ Infection
Note the changes within various body systems that can promote
infections. Avoiding situations that can contribute to infection is
necessary. Contact with persons who have known or suspected
infections should be avoided, as should in shopping malls, classrooms,
movie theaters. Vaccines should be kept up to date.

14
▸ Clothing
Note for shoes that are too large, offer poor support, or have high heels
can lead to falls. Tight-fitting shoes or garments can obstruct
circulation. Hats and scarves can decrease the visual field. Clothing that
is practical, properly fitting and conducive to activity is advisable.
▸ Body temperature
Note for fluctuating temperatures. Temperature mat not be alarming to
the CGs; however, if it is 20 C above the individual’s norm, an infection
may be present and, if undiscovered, can lead to complications.

15
 LESSON 7.1-3
“PERSONAL HYGIENE/HEALTH
PROCEDURES”

16
 Personal Hygiene
Hair
▸ Wash your hair every other day using soap or mild shampoo.
Avoid shampoos with borax or alkalis. Rinse well.
▸ Ladies hair should be clipped on both sides or breaded (if it is
long).
▸ Length of men’s hair should not go beyond collar and the side
hair must not cover the ear.
▸ Dry your hair after a wash.
▸ Oil the scalp, once a week, preferably an hour before hair wash.
▸ Bangs should be avoided.

17
Skin
▸ Soap and water are essential for keeping the skin
clean.
▸ A good bath once or twice a day is recommended.
▸ Those who are involved in active sports or work
out to a sweat would do well to take a bath after the
activity.
▸ Germicidal or antiseptic soaps are not essential for
the daily bath. You can use a bath sponge for
scrubbing.

18
Teeth
▸ Brush your teeth twice a day and rinse well after every
meal. Brushing before going to bed is important. (This is
especially recommended for people with a sweet tooth).
▸ While brushing, pay attention to the fact that you are
getting rid of the food particles stuck in between the teeth
and in the crevices of the flatter teeth at the back, the
molars and pre molars.
▸ Brush down on the upper teeth and brush up on the lower
teeth. Use a circular motion. Pay attention to the tongue
and the inner surface of teeth as well.
▸ No tooth decay to avoid bad breath.
19
Hands
▸ Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before and
after every meal and after visiting the toilet.
▸ Soaping and rinsing should cover the areas between
fingers, nails and back of the hand. Hands should be
dried with a clean towel after wash.
▸ The towel at the wash stand has to be washed and
changed every day.
▸ While handling food avoid scratching, or touching the
ears, nose, mouth or other body orifices.

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Nails
▸ Keep your nails short.
▸ Do not keep your nails painted continuously. It causes
the keratin, of which nails are made, to split.
▸ Pamper your hands and nails once every three weeks
with a manicure. This requires soaking your hands in
warm water for ten minutes, massaging of hands,
thorough cleaning and shaping of nails.
▸ Choose your manicure kit with care.  

21
 Feet
▸ Give your feet a good scrub with a
sponge, pumice stone or foot scrubber
that is not made of very abrasive
material when having a bath.
▸ Dry after bath between toes.
▸ Keep toenails clipped.

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▸ Shoes and socks
▸ Those who use shoes constantly need to slip them off now and then.
This airs the socks a bit and makes them less smelly.
▸ Wear cotton socks. Wear a clean pair every day.
▸ Powder your feet before wearing socks. Many people have sweaty
feet, and socks and shoes can get quite smelly.
▸ Shoes should be clean and well polished, heels in good condition.
▸ Black socks for men should changed daily with fresh ones
▸ Ladies should wear stockings but must ensure it has no “run” or
damage

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Menstrual Hygiene
▸ Technology offers sanitary pads, tampons or
menstrual cups or caps to deal with the flow.
▸ Absorbent pads may be noticeable in form
fitting clothes. They cause some soreness on
the inner thighs.
▸ Some women prefer tampon to external
pads. A plug of absorbent cotton or gauze is
inserted inside. But these should not be left
unchanged beyond six hours. The cleaned
and re used.

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Ear
▸ Clean and free from visible dirt inside and
outside
▸ Earrings are never appropriate for men;
ladies in uniform should never wear
dangling earrings

25
 GOOD HYGIENE
PRACTICES
The most important way to reduce the spread of
infections is hand washing - always wash
regularly with soap and warm water. Also
important is to get a vaccine for those infections
and viruses that have one, when available.

26
 Ways to can reduce or slow the spread of infections include;

▸ get the appropriate vaccine

▸ wash your hands frequently
▸ stay home if you are sick (so you do not spread it to other people)
▸ cover your nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing (or cough into your
elbow)
▸ use single-use tissues for wiping your nose

27
▸ wash your hands after coughing, sneezing or using
tissues
▸ if working with children, have them play with hard
surface toys that can be easily cleaned
▸ do not touch your eyes, nose or mouth (viruses can
transfer from your hands and into the body)
▸ Do not share cups, glasses, dishes or cutlery.

28
 Workplaces can help reduce the spread of infectious disease
by:

▸ having an infection control plan

▸ providing clean hand washing facilities
▸ offering waterless alcohol-based hand sanitizers when regular
facilities are not available (or to people on the road)
▸ reminding staff to not share cups, glasses, dishes and cutlery. Be
sure dishes are washed in soap and water after use.

29
▸ removing magazines and papers from waiting areas or
common rooms (such as tea rooms and kitchens)
▸ considering cleaning a person's workstation or other
areas where they have been if a person has suspected
or identified influenza making sure ventilation
systems are working properly

30
 Social distancing
is a strategy where you try to avoid crowded
places, large gatherings of people or close
contact with a group of people. In these
situations, viruses can easily spread from
person to person. In general, a distance of one
meter (3 feet) will slow the spread of a disease,
but more distance is more effective.

31
LESSON 7.1-4 :“Environment Protection Policy Implementation”
.

32
 Introduction
When you receive your assignment and the client’s care plan, your supervisor will tell
you what housekeeping tasks you will be expected to do.
Remember, it is often difficult for families to realize what is important in keeping a
house clean and that the caregiver is not there to perform all the housekeeping tasks.
Clean environment keep harmful bacteria under control. By cleaning bathrooms
regularly, you decrease the chances for the spread of communicable diseases, foods
stored in specific places are easy to find and can be used more often with less time and
energy being spent to look for them. Accidents are less likely in areas kept orderly. It is
especially important to keep clutter away from stairways and areas where people walk
frequently.
Clean environment also tend to make us feel better. When things are looking their
best, we are more often relaxed and comfortable. It also gives us a feeling of pride when
others visit. A client will tend to be healthier and happier in an environment that is clean
and comfortable.
33
▸ Cleaning a client’s home.
▸ “Clean” usually refers to an area free of pathogens and clutter. To
some people a dust-free home is the only clean home. Other cares
little about dust. Such differences in values are important to
recognize. Try to meet the client’s values. If your values and the
client’s needs are different, consult your supervisor.
▸ Cleaning equipment available to you in the house may differ from
equipment in your house. Do not use any equipment unless you are
sure how it works. If the equipment is not in good condition, do not
use it. Report anything unsafe to your supervisor. Encourage to the
family to check all equipment regularly and maintain it in perfect
working order. This prevents accidents
34 and assists with maintaining
▸ How to keep a house clean
▸ Make a list of what you need to keep the house clean. Remember to
use products already in the home. Do not insist that the client
Necessary supplies Nice to have
purchase
Hot water your brand of cleaning products.
Dust pan Your list might look like
Soap and detergent Vacuum cleaner
this.
Broom Scouring pads
Vinegar mop
Scrub pad wastebaskets
Baking soda  
bucket  
Trash container  

35
 Basic kinds of cleaning products

Products Form Uses Cautions

Soap and Liquid, powder, solid All types of Read label, protect
detergents cleaning, personal eyes
cleaning
All purpose cleaner Liquid, powder, solid All types of Read label, protect
cleaning, personal eyes
cleaning
Abrasive-bleach Liquid, powder Surface soil, kills Read label, protect
certain pathogens eyes and skin
Specialty cleaners Foam, liquid, Specific jobs; metal, Read label
powder, sparay windows etc.

36
▸ Be sure you know how to use the appliances in the house. If you are
not sure, ask!
▸ When using any cleaning product, use the following care:
▸ Read the instructions on the label. Follow the directions in the order
they are given and use the amount suggested.
▸ Do not mix cleaning products unless you have been instructed to do
so. Mix products may cause chemical reactions that will hurt you and
the surface you are cleaning.
▸ Do not leave cleaners on a surface for a long time. Use care in how
much you scrub a surface
▸ Change the cleaning water when it is only moderately dirty, and rinse
if needed to avoid streaking or filming.
37
 Using Common Cleaning Products

Task Products Use

Bathtub stains White vinegar or paste of Rub stain with rag dipped
hydrogen peroxide and in vinegar, leave paste on
baking powder stain overnight, rinse.
Tile cleaner Baking soda Sprinkle on, rub with damp
rag or sponge, rinse, a
solution makes tile slippery
Windows and painted Mix carefully; 5cups water, 1 Wash area carefully, rinse
surfaces tsp detergent, 1 pint rubbing well, dry
alcohol, ½ cup sudsy
ammonia
Mattress stain solution ½ cup water, ½ c white Dab solution on stain and
vinegar let dry, rub area with water
and detergent, leave on for
10 min, blot dry, rinse, let
mattress dry

38
▸ Store all cleaning products safely away from children and pets, away
from heat sources, and in their original containers. Store cleaning tools
and supplies safely as close as possible to where you will use them.
▸ Line garbage pails with plastics or paper bags. Do not put wet objects
directly into paper bags wrap them first.

39
When using equipment, keep in mind the following safety
points;

▸ Keep electrical equipment away from water. Never soak this

equipment unless the manufacturer says that you can.
▸ Use equipment for the use for which it was intended.
▸ Do not put sharp objects such as hair pins, knives, or screw drivers
into electrical equipment.
▸ Before repairing an electrical object, unplug it!
▸ Be sure all equipment is in good condition and does not have frayed
cords

40
 LESSON 7.1-5
“The Spread of Infectious
Diseases and Cross Infection”

41
 Introduction:

Microorganisms cause diseases. Micro means tiny. An

organism is a living thing. They can be seen only under
the microscope. Some microorganisms are helpful to
people.
There are microorganisms, however that are harmful.
They cause disease and infection. Disease-producing
microorganisms are called pathogens. Pathogens destroy
human tissue by using it as food and give off waste
products called toxins. Toxins are poisonous to the
human body.
42
 Causative Agent –
the pathogen that
causes the disease.

The susceptible host – a Reservoir of the agent

body that cannot resist – the place where the
the new pathogen and its pathogen lives and
disease-producing toxins reproduces .

Chain of Infection

Portal of exit -the Portal of exit – the

means by which the means by which the
pathogen enters the pathogen leaves the
new host. host.

Route of transmission
– the way in which the
pathogen travels from
the portal of exit of one
host to the portal of
entry of
43another.
 Interrupting Bacteria Transmission

▸ Direct contact – direct body-surface-to-body-surface contact.

▸ Indirect transmission – contact with a contaminated object.
▸ Droplet transmission – small moisture particles containing
pathogens move from one person to another.
▸ Airborne transmission – pathogens in the air are moved by the
air from one person to other.
▸ Nosocomial transmission – infections are acquired as a result of
being in a health facility.

44
 INFECTION CONTROL

Clean:
▸ This means uncontaminated.
▸ It refers to those articles and places from which disease cannot
spread.
▸ Clean areas contain food, dishes, and clean equipment.
▸ No waste material is ever brought into this area.

45
 INFECTION CONTROL
Dirty
▸ This refers to those areas that have come in contact with disease
causing or carrying agents.
▸ We make a distinction between items that are dirty with human
waste, such as wound drainage or fecal matter, and bed sheets that
are only soiled.
▸ Articles that are dirty with potentially infectious material brought
into the dirty area for initial cleaning or disposal.
▸ This could be linen, bath water, or equipment. Articles that are only
soiled are cleaned in the usual way
46
▸ ▪ Hand washing is the single most important infection
control practice.
▸ All caregivers, clients and family members
should learn hand washing techniques.
▸ ▪ Microorganisms are transient flora until the
hands are washed.
▸ ▪ Soap, water and alcohol- based hands rubs are
effective preparations for removing transient
microorganisms.
47
 Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization

▸ Cleaning. The physical removal of visible dirt by

washing or mopping surfaces that are contaminated.
Soap is used.
▸  
▸ Any item introduced into sterile tissues or the
vascular system
▸ Such as surgical instruments, cardiac and urinary
catheters,
▸ Vaginal speculum implants, IV fluids and needles,
48
Factors to be considered in the selection of sterilization or
disinfection methods

▸ 1. Nature of organism present.

▸ Some are destroy readily others are more difficult.
▸ 2. Numbers of organisms present
▸ More organisms require longer time to destroy.
▸ Organisms protected by coagulated protein
requires longer time to destroy
▸ Cleaned article before disinfections or sterilization
are rendered clean/ sterile more quickly.
▸ 3. Types of equipment. 49
 STANDARD PRECAUTION

▸ CDC GUIDELINES:
▸ ▪ Disposable gloves: Must be worn when contact is
possible with blood, all body fluids except sweat
(whether or not they contain blood you can see), skin
that has breaks in it, and all mucous membranes.
▸ ▪ Gowns or aprons: Must be worn during situations
or procedures when there has been an exposure to
blood or body fluids except sweat, draining wounds or
mucous membranes.
▸ ▪ Mask, Face shield or Goggles:
50 Must be worn
 STANDARD PRECAUTIONS/COMMON SENSE
GUIDELINES

▸ 1. Exposure to body fluids or blood. Wear gloves if

a chance exists for contamination. If splattering is
possible, wear a gown, a protective apron or mask.
Flush waste products down the toilet. Spills should be
wiped with soap and water by a person wearing
disposable gloves, then wiped with a solution of 1 part
household bleach and to 10 parts of water. The rag
should be thrown out. Gloves should be changed
frequently. When removing gloves, do not touch the
outside of the gloves.
51
 LEVELS OF PREVENTION.

▸ Primary Prevention
▸ Providing specific protection against diseases to
prevent its occurrence is the most desirable form of
prevention. Primary preventive efforts spare the client
the cost, discomfort and the threat to the
▸ quality of life or at least to delay the onset of illness.
Preventive measures consist of counseling, education
and adoption of specific health practices or changes in
life.
52
 SPECIFIC IMMUNE DEFENSE

▸ Antibodies - are protein substances that counteract

and neutralize the effect of antigenic toxins to destroy
bacteria and other cell.
▸ Vaccination - Provides acquired immunity against
specific diseases.
▸  

53
 ll. Secondary Prevention

▸ It consist of organized, direct screening efforts or

education of the public to promote early case finding
of an individual with disease so that prompt
▸ Intervention can be instituted to halt the pathogenic
processes and limit disability.
▸ Early diagnosis of a health problem can decrease the
catastrophic effect that might otherwise result for the
individual, a family from advanced illness and its
much complication.
54
 lll. Tertiary Prevention

▸ It begins in the period of recovery from illness and

consists of such activities as consistent and
appropriate administration of medications to optimize
therapeutic effects of moving and positioning to
prevent complication of immobility and passive and
active exercise to prevent disability. Continuing
▸ health supervision during rehabilitation to restore an
individual to an optimal level of functioning.
Minimizing residual disability and helping the client
learn to live productively55with limitations are the
WASTE MANAGEMENT

Is the collection, transport, processing or

disposal of waste materials, usually ones
produced by human activity, in an effort to
reduce their effect on human health or local
amenity..

56
 Garbage Containers

▸ 1. Garbage and refuse must be kept containers that:

▸
are durable
▸ are easily cleanable
▸ are insect proof
▸ are rodent proof
▸ Don’t leak
▸ do not absorb liquid

57
▸ 2. Plastic bags and wet- strength paper bags may be used to line
these containers.
▸ 3. Cover all containers used in food preparation and utensils-
washing areas.
▸ 4. Containers stored outside the establishment must be:
▸ easy to clean
▸ provided with tight- fitting lids, doors, or covers.
▸ kept covered when not in actual use
▸ 5. Keep drain plugs in containers designed with drains, in place at
all times, except during cleaning.
▸ 6. Provide enough containers to58hold all the garbage and refuse that
 Garbage Storage

▸ 1. Store garbage and refuse in a way that insect and

rodents cannot get into them.
▸ 2. Do not store unprotected plastic bags, wet-strength
paper bags, or garbage outside the building.
▸ 3. Cardboard or other packaging materials that do not
contain garbage do not have to be stored in covered
containers.
▸ 4. Garbage or refuse storage rooms must be made of
easily cleanable, non-absorbent, washable materials
59
 Refuse Disposal

▸ 1. Garbage and refuse must be disposed of often

enough to prevent odors and the attraction of insects
and rodents.
▸ 2. Keep areas around incineration facilities clean and
orderly. If garbage or refuse is eradicated by burning,
use legal, controlled incineration that prevents
particles from entering the atmosphere.
▸ 3. Do not place food scraps in the protected sanitary
containers.
▸ 4. Do not allow containers60 to overflow.
 7.1-7
LESSON 7.1-6:
Organizational
standards, policies, and
procedures
61
 Introduction:

▸ Caregivers should make beds with no wrinkles. Wrinkles are not only
uncomfortable; they can restrict the client’s circulation and cause painful
decubitus ulcers (bedsores). These open wounds often slow the client
recovery. Ducubiti can form quickly and are difficult to heal.
▸ Your client may have side rails on his bed. Side rails both protect the
client and assist him as he moves in the bed by providing him with
something to grab for support. If your client needs a side rail to prevent him
from falling out of bed, you could put chairs up against the bed with their
backs against the mattress. Tie the chairs together and tie them to the bed.
The same rules and procedures apply for any type of bed.
▸ Keep the bed dry and clean-change linen when necessary
▸ Keep the linen wrinkle free
▸ Make the bed to suite your particular client
62
 GUIDELINES:

▸  
▸ PROCEDURE:
▸  
▸ 1. Assemble equipment and supplies.
▸ Two flat sheets, or one fitted and one flat sheet
▸ Cloth draw sheet (optional)
▸ One blanket
▸ One bedspread
▸ Waterproof draw sheets or waterproof pads (optional)
▸ Pillowcases
▸ Plastic laundry bag or portable linen hamper,
63
if available
 7.1-7
Washing floors and
disinfecting toilet areas

64
65
▸ When using any cleaning products, the following care
should be used:
▸ ▪ Read the instruction on the label. Follow the
directions in order they are given, and
▸ use the amount suggested.
▸ ▪ Do not mix cleaning product unless you have been
instructed to do so. Mixed product may cause a
chemical reaction that will hurt you and/ or the
surface you are cleaning.
66
 Basic kinds of products used for cleaning

PRODUCTS FORM USES CAUTIONS

Soaps and Liquid, All types of cleaning, Read label; protect
Detergents Powder cleaning, eyes
Solid personal cleaning,  
 

All purpose Liquid All types of cleaning. Read label; protect

cleaner Powder eyes and skin.
solid

Abrasives/ Liquid Surface soil, kills certain Read label; protect

bleach powder pathogens Eyes and skin

Specialty Foam, liquid, Specific jobs; metal; Read label

cleaners Powder, windows
spray etc

67
SOME CLEANING CHEMICALS

SUPPLIE PURPOSE PROPER USAGE

S
1.Disinfectant like *Used to disinfect toilet *Dilution will depend on the degree of
Lysol together with bowls, urinals, sink & disinfection. The average is one cou of Lysol
sprayer other areas that are most to1 gallon of water.
vulnerable to bacterial
contamination.
*Pure Lysol maybe applied to urinals & toilet
bowls since these area already contain water.

*Use brush to clean and disinfect bowls and

urinals then rinse afterwards. For other
surfaces, apply with cloth or mop, wipe
surface, rinse & dry.

2.Muriatic Acid *To be used only for *Hands should not get into direct contact with
removing cement or the acid as this can cause skin irritation. If the
plastic remains from floors remains are thick, leave solution on the area
for a few minutes or longer. Then remove the
remains with the scrapper or hard brush.
*This is not advisable for
Repeat all cement or plasters are removed,
toilet bowls since it is very
rinse thoroughly with water since any acid
strong and it can damage
that remains in the surface may cause
the tiles.
damage.

*Dilution will depend on

*Never mix muriatic acid with any other
the thickness of cement or
chemicals.
plastic remains.

3.Drain Cleaners *To expedite draining of  

clogs
4.Air fresheners *Use to remove foul odors Use sparingly
in rooms, comfort rooms
or any area with foul odor.

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Mobile project
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69
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70
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