Software-Defined Data Center: © 2015 Vmware Inc. All Rights Reserved

Software-Defined Data Center
Module 2
© 2015 VMware Inc. All rights reserved.

You Are Here
1. Course Introduction 7. Virtual Machine Management

2. Software-Defined Data Center 8. Resource Management and
Monitoring
3. Creating Virtual Machines
9. vSphere HA and vSphere Fault
4. vCenter Server Tolerance
5. Configuring and Managing 10. Host Scalability
Virtual Networks
11. vSphere Update Manager and
6. Configuring and Managing Host Maintenance
Virtual Storage
12. Installing vSphere Components
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-2

Importance
VMware vSphere® is based on many components with which a vSphere
administrator should be familiar. You must understand the following
concepts and best practices:
• Virtualization, VMware ESXi™, and the virtual machine
• The fundamental vSphere components and how vSphere can be
used in the software-defined data center
• How VMware vSphere® Client™ and VMware vSphere® Web Client
are used to administer and manage vSphere environments

Module Lessons
Lesson 1: Introduction to the Software-Defined Data Center
Lesson 2: vSphere Client
Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi

Lesson 1:
Introduction to the Software-
Defined Data Center
2-5
Learner Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following
objectives:
• Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures
• Describe the benefits of using virtual machines
• Explain how vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and storage
• Describe how vSphere fits into the software-defined data center and the cloud
infrastructure

Topology of a Physical Data Center
Administering and maintaining a physical data center is time consuming and
often inefficient.
Applications
Operating System
Physical Host
Fibre
Ethernet
Channel
FCoE
Storage
Local Area
iSCSI NFS Network Fibre Channel
Storage Storage Storage

Introduction to Virtual Infrastructure
Virtualization consolidates the environment and enables you to run more
workloads on a single server.
In a virtualized environment, applications run on virtual machines.
Virtual
Machines
Hypervisor
ESXi Host
Ethernet Fibre
Channel
FCoE
Storage
Local Area
iSCSI Storage NFS Storage Network Fibre Channel Storage

About Virtual Machines
A virtual machine is a software computer that, like a physical computer,
runs an operating system and applications.
Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Components

• Operating system
• VMware Tools™
• Virtual resources such as:
– CPU and memory
– Network adapters
– Disk controllers
– Parallel and serial ports

Benefits of Using Virtual Machines
Physical Machines Virtual Machines
Difficult to relocate: Easy to relocate:
• Moves require downtime. • Encapsulated into files.
• Specific to physical hardware. • Independent of physical hardware.
Difficult to manage: Easy to manage:
• Require physical maintenance. • Isolated from other virtual machines.
• Hardware failures cause downtime. • Insulated from hardware changes.
Hardware has limitations: Provide the ability to support
• Hardware changes limit application legacy applications.
support. Enable servers to be consolidated.
• One-to-one relationship between
application and server.

Physical Architecture and Virtual Architecture
Virtualization is a technology that decouples the physical hardware from
the operating system and provides solutions to many problems that are
faced by IT staff.
Physical Architecture Virtual Architecture
Application
Operating System vSphere
x64 Architecture x64 Architecture

Physical Resource Sharing
Virtual
Resources
vSphere
x64
Architecture
Physical
Resources

CPU Virtualization
In a physical environment, the operating system assumes the ownership
of all the physical CPUs in the system.
CPU virtualization emphasizes performance and runs directly on the
available CPUs.
Application

Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage
In a physical environment, the operating system assumes the ownership
of all physical memory in the system.
Memory virtualization emphasizes performance and runs directly on the
available RAM.
Application
1 GB 2 GB 8 GB

Physical and Virtual Networking
Virtual Ethernet adapters and virtual
switches are key virtual networking
components.
Physical Architecture
Virtual Architecture
Application
Operating System
Virtual Switch
x64 Architecture
vSphere
x64 Architecture

Physical File Systems and VMFS
VMware vSphere® VMFS enables a
distributed storage architecture, allowing
multiple ESXi hosts to read or write to the
shared storage concurrently.
Application
Operating System vSphere vSphere
x64 Architecture x64 Architecture x64 Architecture
Shared Storage: VMFS,

NTFS, ext4, UFS NFS, Virtual SAN

Encapsulation
VM 1 Virtual machine files are stored in directories on a

VMFS or NFS datastore.
VM 2
VM 3
Datastore: VMFS or NFS

About the Software-Defined Data Center
In a software-defined data center, all infrastructure is virtualized and the
control of the data center is entirely automated by software.
Software-Defined Data Center

Cloud Business
Policy-Based Management
and Automation Cloud Automation Cloud Operations
Virtualized Infrastructure
Hybrid Cloud
Abstract and Pool vCloud Air and vCloud Air Network
Service Provider Partners
Public Cloud Public Cloud
Compute Abstraction = Network Abstraction = Storage Abstraction =

Server Virtualization Virtual Networking Software-Defined Storage

vSphere and Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is an approach that leverages the efficient pooling of an
on-demand, self-managed, and virtual infrastructure.
Private Hybrid Public

Cloud Cloud Cloud
VMware
vSphere

About Private Clouds
Private clouds are pools of resources dedicated to a single enterprise.
Private clouds enable the internal management and deployment of
virtual IT infrastructure services over an intranet, in the enterprise, and
behind the firewall.
Internet Advantages:
• Self-service provisioning
• Elasticity of resources
Enterprise Private Cloud • Rapid and simplified
provisioning
• Secured multitenancy
• Improved use of IT
resources
• Better control of IT
budgets
Gizmo Division Widget Division Human Sales
Resources

About Public Clouds
In their infrastructure public cloud service, providers host many types of
IT operations for multiple businesses.
Advantages:
• Customer management of IT Cloud Service Provider
• Rapid and flexible
deployments
• Efficient and cost-effective
deployments
• Secure IT assets
• Capital expenses are
converted to operating
expenses Company Company Company
A B C

About Hybrid Clouds
A hybrid cloud is an environment that houses a customer's IT assets
both internally on premise and externally in a provider's public cloud.
Hybrid
Cloud
Private App
App App App
App
Public
Clouds
Loads
Loads
Loads
Loads
Loads
Clouds
Management Management
Bridge
vSphere vSphere
Use Cases
Disaster recovery Traffic overflow
Quick provisioning Offsite backup
Data archiving Development / QA / test
VMware vCloud® Air™ is a secure, dedicated hybrid cloud platform

that is built on the vSphere foundation.

Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to meet the following objectives:
• Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures
• Describe the benefits of using virtual machines
• Explain how vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and storage
• Describe how vSphere fits into the software-defined data center and the cloud
infrastructure

Lesson 2:
vSphere Client
2-24
Learner Objectives
objectives:
• Identify the user interfaces used with the ESXi host and VMware vCenter
Server™
• Download and install vSphere Client
• Use vSphere Client to access and manage your ESXi hosts and vCenter
Server

User Interfaces
You use the vSphere Web Client and the vSphere Client to interact with
a vSphere environment.
ESXi
Host
vSphere Client
vCenter
Server
Your vSphere Web Client

Desktop

Downloading vSphere Client
You use the vSphere
Client to connect Pointing the URL to your ESXi
remotely to an ESXi host
host and vCenter
Server from a
Windows system.
Ways to download the
vSphere Client:
• Use the VMware
vCenter Server
Installer.
• Download the client
from an ESXi host.
Internet access is
required.
Downloading the vSphere Client to a

supported Windows system

Using vSphere Client
In the vSphere Client login
window, you enter the following
information:
• Host name or IP address of ESXi
host or vCenter Server
• User name
• Password
Alternatively, you may use your

Windows session credentials.

vSphere Client: Configuration Tab
When you log in to an ESXi host from the vSphere Client, the ESXi hosts
are shown in the left pane. You use the Configuration tab to view or
configure a host’s hardware and software settings.
Log file entries are written using syslog and can be stored locally, sent to
a remote syslog collector, or both.
Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration
You can view processor and memory configuration information for the
ESXi host in the Hardware list on the Configuration tab.

Viewing and Exporting ESXi Host System Logs
You can use the vSphere Client to view system logs. You can export the
system logs to an archive file and send them to VMware Support.
Log file entries are written using syslog and can be stored locally, sent to
a remote syslog collector, or both.

Viewing Licensed Features
You assign a valid license key to your ESXi host through the Licensed
Features link. The Licensed Features pane shows the type of license
and available features.

Lab 1: Installing vSphere Client
Access the student desktop and install vSphere Client
1. Access Your Student Desktop System
2. Install vSphere Client

• Identify the user interfaces used with the ESXi host and vCenter Server
• Download and install vSphere Client
• Use vSphere Client to access and manage your ESXi hosts and vCenter
Server

Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi
2-35
Learner Objectives
objectives:
• Describe the ESXi host architecture
• Use Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) to configure an ESXi host
• View ESXi host settings:
– Processor and memory configuration
– Licensing
– DNS and routing
– Security profile
• Discuss user account best practices

About ESXi Hosts
An ESXi host has the following availability and features:
• Available for purchase with vSphere or as a free version that can be
downloaded.
• High security:
– Memory hardening
– Kernel module integrity
– Trusted platform module
• Small disk footprint
• Installable on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, and diskless
hosts

Physical and Virtual Architecture
The ESXi hypervisor provides a virtualization layer that abstracts the
processor, memory, storage, and networking resources of the physical
host and allocates them to multiple virtual machines.
vSphere Web Client vSphere PowerCLI vSphere Client vCLI (Scripting)
CIM
vSphere API/SDK (Hardware
vCenter Server
Management)
VMM VMM VMM VMM VMM
VMware Hypervisor: VMkernel

Configuring an ESXi Host
The Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS of a
computer, with a keyboard-only UI.

Configuring an ESXi Host: Root Access
DCUI enables an administrator to configure root access settings.
• Set a root password (complex passwords only).
• Enable or disable lockdown mode:
– Limits management of the host to vCenter Server.
– Enabled only for hosts managed by vCenter Server.

Configuring an ESXi Host: Management Network
The DCUI enables you to modify network settings:
• Host name
• IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway)
• DNS servers

Configuring an ESXi Host: Other Settings
The DCUI enables an administrator to configure the keyboard layout,
enable troubleshooting services, view support information, and view
system logs.

Network Settings: DNS and Routing
The DNS and Routing link enables an administrator to apply the host
name and domain, DNS server addresses and search domains, and the
default VMkernel gateway.

Remote Access Settings: Security Profile
The security profile controls remote access to an ESXi host:
• ESXi includes a firewall that is enabled by default.
• The ESXi firewall blocks incoming and outgoing traffic, except for the traffic that
is enabled in the host's security profile.
• You may customize many essential security settings for an ESXi host through
the Security Profile panel in the vSphere Web Client.
• Some services may be managed by the administrator. Some daemons, such
as DCUI and NTP server processes, can start and stop automatically with the
ESXi host.

Managing User Accounts Best Practices
Exercise care when assigning user accounts to access ESXi hosts or
vCenter Server systems.
• Strictly control root privileges to ESXi hosts.
• Manage ESXi hosts centrally through the vCenter Server using the vSphere
Web Client
• Log in to the vCenter Server system using vCenter Server user accounts,
which can be either local or domain accounts.

Lab 2: Configuring ESXi Hosts
Configure an ESXi host
1. Examine the ESXi Host Hardware Configuration
2. Configure the DNS and Routing Information for an ESXi Host
3. Configure an ESXi Host to Use Directory Services

• Describe the ESXi host architecture
• Use Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) to configure an ESXi host
• View ESXi host settings:
– Processor and memory configuration
– Licensing
– DNS and routing
– Security profile
• Discuss user account best practices

Key Points
• Using virtual machines solves many data center problems.
• Virtual machines are hardware independent.
• Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on which they
reside.
• A virtual machine is a set of files that is easy to transfer and back up.
• Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a datastore.
• The ESXi hypervisor runs directly on the host.
• vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for virtual machine
use.
Questions?


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Software-Defined Data Center

© 2015 VMware Inc. All rights reserved.

1. Course Introduction 7. Virtual Machine Management

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-2

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-3

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-4

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-6

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-7

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-8

Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Components

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-9

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-10

Physical Architecture Virtual Architecture

Operating System vSphere

x64 Architecture x64 Architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-11

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-12

Operating System vSphere

x64 Architecture x64 Architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-13

Physical Architecture Virtual Architecture

Operating System vSphere

x64 Architecture x64 Architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-14

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-15

Physical Architecture Virtual Architecture

Operating System vSphere vSphere

x64 Architecture x64 Architecture x64 Architecture

Shared Storage: VMFS,

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-16

VM 1 Virtual machine files are stored in directories on a

Datastore: VMFS or NFS

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-17

Software-Defined Data Center

Public Cloud Public Cloud

Compute Abstraction = Network Abstraction = Storage Abstraction =

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-18

Private Hybrid Public

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-19

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-20

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-21

VMware vCloud® Air™ is a secure, dedicated hybrid cloud platform

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-22

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-23

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-25

Your vSphere Web Client

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-26

Downloading the vSphere Client to a

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-27

Alternatively, you may use your

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-28

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-30

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-31

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-32

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-33

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-34

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-36

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 2-37

vSphere Web Client vSphere PowerCLI vSphere Client vCLI (Scripting)