Cess Lesson 2 Sociological Perspective

JTCONDE
TAGBINA NHS
Learning Competency:
 2.compare and contrast the
definitions of community using
various perspectives, e.g.,
social sciences, institutions,
civil society, and
local/grassroots level
 Community is so diverse , it could mean
differently to different people. Sociologist
find it difficult to agree on definition due
to accumulation of ideas and data about
communities.
 George Hillery (1955)) gave ninety-four
definitions of the term community which
leads him to conclude that there is no
agreement as to the nature of the
community.
 Gideon Sjoberg (1964) provided an
acceptable definition : a community is a
collectivity of actors sharing a limited
territorial area as the base for carrying
out the greatest share of their daily
activities.
The Elephant and the 6 Blind Men
Observations
1st Blind Man – its like a wall
2nd Blind Man – its like a spear
3rd Blind Man – its like a fan
4th Blind Man – its like a rope
5th Blind Man – its like a pillar
6th Blind Man - its like a thick branch of a tree
Four Perspectives of Community
1. Systems Perspective
2. Social Perspective
3. Virtual Perspective
4. Individual Perspective
1. Systems Perspective
 Community just like a church is similar
to a living creature, made up of different
parts that represent individual functions,
activities, each operating within specific
boundaries to meet the needs of the
community. E.g.
DOH – focuses on prevention &
treatment of diseases
DEPED – ensures quality education
2. Social Perspective
 Describes the social and political
networks that connect individuals,
organizations, and its leaders. A
clear understanding of the
different networks is crucial in
planning how to engage in
community activities.
3. Virtual Perspective
 Virtualcommunities are social
groups or groups with a
common interest that interact
in an organized fashion using
the internet
4. Individual Perspective
 Individuals
who are living in a
community have their unique
sense of membership. Some
may even have a sense of
belonging to more than one
community
“They laugh at me because
I’m different, I laugh at them
because they are all the
same”
Community as a Group
Freed Bales
 Pioneered the development of
systematic methods of group
observation and measurement of
interaction processes which
provides us the distinguishing
criteria of communities as groups
Criteria of communities as
groups:
1. Interaction among members of the
community is present
2. Members share one or more goals
which call for a group action
3. Most members adheres to a set of
norms or standards that serve as
guides to their goal directed behaviour
and interpersonal relationship
Criteria of communities as
groups:
4. Should the group remain a community,
a stable set of roles will eventually
emerge in time
5. A pattern of interpersonal attractions will
emerge, showing the likes and dislikes
of the members of the community
Sociologists identify a rural
community with the following criteria:
 It is relatively small in size
 It is nonmetropolitan – it lies outside the
compass of a metropolitan area
 It is patently rural in character – exists in
midst of an agricultural area, an area
which is characterized as a “primary
economy” or one which is marked by
other obvious nonurban cultural, social
and ecological characteristics.
Substantial increases in size and density of a
community’s population result in the accentuation of
these five qualities:
1. Anonymity
2. Division of labor
3. Heterogeneity – induced and sustained
by anonymity and division of labor
4. Impersonal and formally prescribed
relationship
5. Symbols of status which are
independent of personal acquaintance
Ferdinand Tonnies Two Types of
Social Groupings
1. GEMEINSCHAFT – translated as a
community which refers to groupings
based on a feeling of togetherness. It is
characterized by closed interpersonal
relationship among family members,
relatives and friends.
2. GESELLSCHAFT – society which refers to
groups that are sustained by an
instrumental goal(eg. A family or
neighborhood). This type is more formal ,
specialized and impersonal
Characteristics of a community as follows:
 Territory
 Close and informal relationships
 Mutuality
 Common values and beliefs
 Organized interaction
 Strong group feeling
 Cultural similarity
Solidarity
Emile Durkheim
 The first to study the phenomenon of
Solidarity. He argues that there were two
types of solidarity:
1. Mechanical solidarity – found in less
structurally complex societies
2. Organic solidarity – emerges in
industrialized societies
Definitions of Solidarity
 A unity that produces or is based on a
community interests, objectives and
standards
 A bond of unity between individuals,
unified around a common goal or
against a common enemy, such as the
unifying principle that defines the labor
movement
Definitions of Solidarity
 It is a unity or agreement of feeling or
action, especially among individuals with
a common interest, mutual support
within a group. It is synonymous with
unanimity, like mindedness, accord,
harmony, consensus, concurrence,
cooperation, fraternity, mutual accord.
 A feeling of unity between people who
have the same interests, goals, etc
I. TRUE OR FALSE. Read each statements
carefully. Write T if the statement is true and F
if it is not.
_____ 1. Community is a collection of people in a
particular territory.
_____ 2. Collection of people is always
synonymous with community.
_____ 3. The daily operations in the community
constitute to a feeling of isolation.
_____ 4. Society is another term for community.
_____ 5. Being a part of a community develops a
sense of belongingness among
individuals.
II. IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being asked in each
statement. Write your answer on the space provided.
_____ 1. It is defined as collection of people in a
geographical area.
_____ 2. It is the study of society and social i
interactions.
_____ 3. An element of a community which
pertains to a geographical area which
can be under the jurisdiction of the
government.
_____ 4. It is the study of man.
_____ 5. It is defined as an established
organization.
III. MATCHNG TYPE. Match column A to Column
B. Write the letter of your answer on the space
provided.
A. Terms
a. Slums b. Urban c. Social Status d. Rural e.
Subdivision f. Community
_____ 4. An area of land that has been divided on
smaller areas on which houses were built.
_____ 5. Refers to the social standing of an
individual.
IV. ESSAY (5 pts. each)
1. What type of leadership do you think is suitable
in your community? And why did you choose
that type of leadership?
III. MATCHNG TYPE. Match column A to Column
B. Write the letter of your answer on the space
provided.
A. Terms
a. Slums b. Urban c. Social Status d. Rural e.
Subdivision f. Community
B. Description / Definition
_____ 1. Pertains to highly industrialize
communities.
_____ 2. Consists of agricultural lands, also
referred as pre-industrial communities.
_____ 3. A densely populated area usually
crowded and has dirty run-down housing.

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