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    Tilapia Hatchery Management

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    Toff CT
    Tilapia is an important farmed fish in the Philippines that was introduced in the 1950s. There are several species of tilapia farmed but the Nile tilapia is most common. Tilapia are hardy fish that tolerate a wide range of conditions and reproduce rapidly. They can reach market size within 4-6 months when fed properly. Breeding programs have developed genetically enhanced tilapia strains that grow faster and have improved disease resistance and meat quality. Tilapia farming involves breeding, growing out in ponds to market size, and harvesting using seining nets.

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    Tilapia Hatchery Management

    Uploaded by

    Toff CT
    230 views21 pages
    Tilapia is an important farmed fish in the Philippines that was introduced in the 1950s. There are several species of tilapia farmed but the Nile tilapia is most common. Tilapia are hardy fish that tolerate a wide range of conditions and reproduce rapidly. They can reach market size within 4-6 months when fed properly. Breeding programs have developed genetically enhanced tilapia strains that grow faster and have improved disease resistance and meat quality. Tilapia farming involves breeding, growing out in ponds to market size, and harvesting using seining nets.

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    Tilapia is an important farmed fish in the Philippines that was introduced in the 1950s. There are several species of tilapia farmed but the Nile tilapia is most common. Tilapia are hardy fish that tolerate a wide range of conditions and reproduce rapidly. They can reach market size within 4-6 months when fed properly. Breeding programs have developed genetically enhanced tilapia strains that grow faster and have improved disease resistance and meat quality. Tilapia farming involves breeding, growing out in ponds to market size, and harvesting using seining nets.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    230 views21 pages

    Tilapia Hatchery Management

    Uploaded by

    Toff CT
    Tilapia is an important farmed fish in the Philippines that was introduced in the 1950s. There are several species of tilapia farmed but the Nile tilapia is most common. Tilapia are hardy fish that tolerate a wide range of conditions and reproduce rapidly. They can reach market size within 4-6 months when fed properly. Breeding programs have developed genetically enhanced tilapia strains that grow faster and have improved disease resistance and meat quality. Tilapia farming involves breeding, growing out in ponds to market size, and harvesting using seining nets.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Tilapia was introduced to the Philippines in the 1950s and 1970s from other countries and has since been widely farmed. Different government agencies have worked to develop improved culture techniques for tilapia farming.

    The different types of tilapia mentioned are Nile tilapia (O. niloticus), Mossambique tilapia (O. mossambicus), and Blue tilapia (O. aureus).

    Tilapia attain sexual maturity within 2-4 months and can reproduce year-round, with intervals of about 2-3 months. One pair of mature fish can produce around 10,000 offspring in one year.

    Tilapia

     Derived from the word Mossambicus and Niloticus.


     Tilapia molobicus is a joint project of France and Philippines under BFAR-NIFTDC
    headed by Dr. Westly R. Rivera.
     Tilapia is an exotic fish in the Philippines
     1950 – Oreochromis mossambicus was introduced
     70’s – Tilapia was considered pest (Obs.: overcrowding, stunted growth, etc.)
     1970 – O. niloticus from Israel was introduced This has better growth, survival and
    reproductive traits than mossambicus
     Since then, several kinds of tilapia are now farmed in the country; diff. fishery
    agencies have focused on the dev’t of culture technologies that would improve
    growth of tilapia
    Taxonomic Biology of Tilapia
    Kingdom: Animalia

    Phylum: Chordata

    Class: Actinopterygii

    Order: Perciformes

    Family: Cichlidae

    Subfamily: Pseudocrenilabrinae

    Tribe: Tilapiini

    Genus: Tilapia
    Morphology of Tilapia
     Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus)
    Has vertical black bands on body & caudal fin; black outline on dorsal fin ; red margin
    on caudal fin
     Mossambique Tilapia (O. mossambicus)
    Black in color; underside of head is white; red margin on dorsal & caudal fins
     Blue Tilapia (O. aureus)
    Has black blotches on body & caudal fin; yellow underside; yellow margin on caudal &
    pectoral fins
     Red Tilapia Reddish color; has no bars on the caudal fin
    Food and Feeding Habits
     Newly-hatch fry depend on yolk sac
     Juvenile & adult have firm pharyngeal teeth set on triangular blade
     They have diverse food spectrum but strongly prefer herbivorous diets
     Food ranges from vegetable matter, filamentous algae, unicellular algae to detritus
    and benthic organisms. They can also be fed with rice bran, fish meal & kitchen
    left-overs like rice, bread, etc.
    Favorable Characteristics
     1. HARDY
    1. Tolerate wide range of environmental conditions
    2. Easily adapt to different habitats
    3. Tolerate over-crowding
    4. Easy to stock because they live well under many kinds of water condition
    5. Easy to feed because they practically require no particular kind of feed
    6. Resistant to diseases and pests
    7. Water and dust resistant.
    Favorable Characteristics
    2. THEY REPRODUCE RAPIDLY (Ease of breeding)
     Attain maturity in 2-4 months from fry stage
     Reproduce the whole year round at about 2-3 months interval
     The total number of fish produced by one pair of mature fish in a period of one year
    maybe 10,000 pcs
    Favorable Characteristics
    3. GROW FAST
     It takes only about 4 months to grow fingerlings to fish of about 150 grams
     Usually male grows faster than female (10-20%)
     Culturing all-male population is one way to increase production
    Manual sex determination
     Examination of urogential papilla located behind the anus
     Females have broad and round papilla with 2 openings
     Males have tapering papilla with only one opening at the tip
     Can be done with fish 10cm or longer
     Time consuming, labor intensive, 80-90% accurate
    Manual sexing
    Seed Production (Ponds)
     Use ponds 300-500 sq. m at 0.5-1 m depth
     Breeder 80-100 g are stocked at a density of 2-4 fish/ sq. m
     Male to female ratio = 1:3
     Feed with feeds containing 20-30% crude protein at 3% body weight
     Fry are collected daily starting on the 10th-12th day using dip nets or fry dozers
     2-5 fry/sq. m/ day can be produced
    Seed Production (Tanks)
     Use tanks 4-100 sq. m at 0.5-1 m depth
     Breeders 100-200 g are stocked at a density of 400 g fish fish biomass/ sq. m
     Male to female ratio = 1:3
     Feed with feeds containing 20-30% crude protein at 3% body weight
     Fry are collected daily starting on the 10th-12th day using dip nets or fry dozers
    with the production cycle lasting 21 days
     18-20 fry/sq. m/ day can be produced
    Growth Rate
     The growth rate obtained depends on the feed used, and whether or not only males
    are grown, or both males and females are grown in the same pond. If tilapias are fed
    rice bran, a size of 8 ounces (227 g) can be achieved after 6 months. If Broiler Starter
    is used, then a size of 8 –12 ounces (341g) can be achieved after 5 months. If Tilapia
    floating pellet is used, a size of 1 pound (2.2 kg) can be achieved after 6 months.
    Growout
     Stock at 2-6 fish per square meter depending on the intensity of the culture
    system
     Feed with 20% crude protein at 2-5% body weight, 2-3 times a day
     Culture period lasts 4-5 months to reach marketable size of 100-200 grams per
    fish
    Harvesting
     Stop feeding 48 hours before harvest
     Partially drain the pond (reduce water by half)
     Tilapia can then be harvested using a seine and immediately placed in chilled
    water
    Genetically Enhanced Tilapia
     GET EXCEL 2002 – BFAR strain
    Fast grower
    Disease resistant
    Good carcass quality
    GET EXCEL Efficient food converter
    Performance
    Growth

    2002
    GET 2000 +38.12
    Produce from collaborative
    research

    1997 2000 2002


    GIFT 8th Generation
    RESULTS OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION
     High frequency of deformed or abnormal fish
     Poor survival of fry and fingerlings
     Wide variation of sizes of fish
     Production performance deteriorates
    Feeding Guide
    - know the average body weight of the fish and refer to the feeding guide the amount of
    feeds to be used

    Body Weight Feeding Rate Feeding Feed Type


    (grams) Frequency

    2 days - 1 30 - 10 6x Fry mash


    1-5 10 - 6 5x Crumble
    5 - 50 5-4 4x Starter
    50 – 100 4-3 3 – 4x Grower
    100 - up 3-1 2 – 3x finisher
    Thank you for listening!!!

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