Dipole Moment presentationSIKANDAR-1
Dipole Moment presentationSIKANDAR-1
Dipole Moment presentationSIKANDAR-1
UNIVERSITY GORAKHPUR
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
SEMINAR ON
DIPOLE MOMENT
Under the Guidance of
Applied formula
The dipole moment of solution is given by –
Where,β=A constant for solvent µ=βa½ with ε12=ε1+af2
a=A constant obtained from approximate plot of ε12 and f2
ε12&ε1= Dielectric constant of solution and solvent resp.
f2=Mole fraction of solute in solution
Theory AND PrincipIes
Dipole moment of a molecule is closely related to its
molecular structure –
The origin of dipole moment with the development of wave
mechanical energy is based on following factors-
a) The asymmetry of charge in the bonding electrons
arising from the electro negativity difference between
two atoms concerned.
b) The homo polar dipole arising from the unequal size of
two atoms bounded.
c) The asymmetry of atomic orbital involved in the
band.
Solution-
Solvent Solute
Benzene Nitrobenzene
C6H5NO2
C6H6
+
Non-Polar solvent Polar solute
Q-meter
Q-meter is the instrument which is designed to measure some of the
electrical properties of coils and capacitors by measuring the Q-
value (measure of sharpness)of an L-C-R circuit .
Construction-
It has following parts-
1)A frequency calibrated continuous-
-ly variable RF oscillator.
2)A calibrated variable capacitor C.
3) VTVM calibrated to read Q directly,
4) A thermo millimeter.
The L,C and R are tuned in series such that they are
parallel to standard resistance r. This apparatus is used to give a
precise value of the capacity of dielectric cell.
Dielectric material-
A dielectric is a substances in which all the electrons are tightly
bound to the nuclei of the atom i.e. no free electrons are available
to carry the current. Thus substances which do not permit the
passage of electric charge are called dielectrics. Example- glass,
plastics, quartz, mica, etc.
Where ,
C and C0 are the capacitance of the co-axial cylinder type dielectric
cell with and without dielectric material respectively.
The increase ΔC in the capacity of the cell after inserting
dielectric materials between its plate will be –
ΔC=C-C0
ΔC=εC0-C0 =(ε-1)C0
ε=1+(ΔC/C0)