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Pop Culture In/Out Japan:

Manga & Anime


Liliana Grimaldo
Brian Ooi

April 18, 2007 Liliana Grimaldo


Brian Ooi
History of Manga
• “Random or whimsical pictures”
• Developed from woodblock printed books
• Militarism of 1930’s
• Post WWII saw rise of Osamu Tezuka
• 1970s movement towards realism
• 1970s rise of anime

Manga & Anime


Manga vs Comics
• Cheaper paper, much thicker books
• Very affordable magazines with feedback
channels – arguably the world’s biggest focus
group
• Money made through serializing popular comics
• Anyone can be an anime artist
• Over 1.3 billion manga published every year,
~30% of all books published in Japan

Manga & Anime


Genres of Manga/Anime
• Shojo: manga/anime that are made
with a female audience in mind.
– Many deal with romances between
young men and women
• Kare First Love (manga)
– More and more shojo are made
dealing with problems girls can face
in daily life, or activities girls are
interested in.
• Shojo Beat magazine
Manga & Anime
Genres of Manga/Anime
• Shonen: manga/anime that are made with
a male audience in mind.
– The main characters often go through battles
to become stronger
• Rurouni Kenshin (manga)

Manga & Anime


Genres of Manga/Anime
• Hentai: pornographic anime/manga.
– The target audience are adults and deal with
many types of sexual situations
– May feature characters from other
anime/manga

Manga & Anime


Genres of Manga/Anime
• Yaoi: boy-love-boy type of anime/manga
– Romances between male characters.
– The term is becoming more widely used than
sentai
• Newtype USA

Manga & Anime


Genres of Manga/Anime
• Mecha: anime/manga with large robots.
– The robots are either independent or
controlled by humans
– The main plot usually revolves around the
humans in the robot
• Newtype USA

Manga & Anime


Genres of Manga/Anime
• Not all manga/anime need to fit into
specific categories
– It can cross over into different genres
• Fushigi Yugi (anime – reverse harem, shojo,
shonen)

Manga & Anime


Popular Manga/Anime
Naruto
• First published in
Shonen Jump (1999)
• Ranked Japan’s 17th
favorite anime
• Ninja with demon
trapped within him

Manga & Anime


Popular Manga/Anime
Ghost in the Shell
• Manga/Anime/Game
• Ranked Japan’s 45th
favorite anime
• Inspired The Matrix

Manga & Anime


Popular Manga/Anime
Doraemon
• First appeared on
Manga in 1969, Anime
in 1973
• Spread throughout
Asia
• 31st most popular
Anime in Japan
• Robotic cat that travels
back in time
Manga & Anime
Popular Manga/Anime
Dragon Ball
• First appeared in
Shonen Jump (1984)
• Manga/Anime/
Games
• 12th most popular
• Monkey-tailed boy
who fights many
battles
Manga & Anime
Popular Manga/Anime
Full Metal Alchemist
• Since February 2002
• Manga/Anime/Game
• Most popular Anime
in Japan
• 2 brothers in fictional
world hoping to
become alchemists

Manga & Anime


Popular Manga/Anime
Pokemon
• Started off as computer game (1995)
• 43rd most popular
• 2nd best selling video game franchise ever
• Based on insect collecting
• Anime follows Pokemon
Master Ash

Manga & Anime


Commercialization of Manga
• Anime can sometimes be based on
manga or manga can be based on anime
• Merchandise that stems from anime and
manga
• The toys and items are made in the image
of the characters
• Contribute to the success of the
anime/manga
Manga & Anime
Commercialization of Manga
• Plush toys: Inuyasha
• Toys: Hamtaro
• Calendar: Fullmetal Alchemist
• Key chain: Pokemon
• Video games: Pokemon
• Anime from manga: Pokemon and Hellsing
– Pokemon: marketed in the US to children, in Japan
popular among teenagers and adult males, 500
episodes in Japan, countless games

Manga & Anime


Osamu Tezuka (1928 – 1989)
• “Father of manga”
• 150,000 pages drawn, 400 paperbacks,
500 titles of all works
• Star system
• “Large eyes” style
• Religious slant
(Phoenix)

Manga & Anime


Osamu Tezuka

Manga & Anime


Exportation of Manga
• Changes in American comics, more
emphasis on conveying emotions thru
illustrations than thru dialogue.
– X-Men (1990) vs. X-Men (2007)
• Many non-Japanese artists writing manga-
like books and illustrations
– Manhwa: Korean manga

Manga & Anime


The Simba/Kimba Controversy
• Disney’s The Lion King said to have
copied Osamu Tezuka’s Kimba the White
Lion.
• Similar coming-of-age plot
• Matching characters
• Very similar visuals
• Disney never admit Lion King was based
on Kimba; no further action taken
Manga & Anime
The Simba/Kimba Controversy

Manga & Anime


The Simba/Kimba Controversy

Manga & Anime

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