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    Basic Geology of Soil Formation

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    daus_parisi
    The document discusses the basic geological processes of soil formation. It describes the rock cycle and how the three main rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are formed. Weathering breaks down rocks into particles that become soil over time. Weathering can occur through mechanical or chemical processes. The soil particles are then transported by agents like water, wind, or glaciers and deposited in new locations to eventually form various soil types.

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    Basic Geology of Soil Formation

    Uploaded by

    daus_parisi
    1K views14 pages
    The document discusses the basic geological processes of soil formation. It describes the rock cycle and how the three main rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are formed. Weathering breaks down rocks into particles that become soil over time. Weathering can occur through mechanical or chemical processes. The soil particles are then transported by agents like water, wind, or glaciers and deposited in new locations to eventually form various soil types.

    Original Description:

    Understand the origin of the soil structure is formed

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    The document discusses the basic geological processes of soil formation. It describes the rock cycle and how the three main rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are formed. Weathering breaks down rocks into particles that become soil over time. Weathering can occur through mechanical or chemical processes. The soil particles are then transported by agents like water, wind, or glaciers and deposited in new locations to eventually form various soil types.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt
    1K views14 pages

    Basic Geology of Soil Formation

    Uploaded by

    daus_parisi
    The document discusses the basic geological processes of soil formation. It describes the rock cycle and how the three main rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are formed. Weathering breaks down rocks into particles that become soil over time. Weathering can occur through mechanical or chemical processes. The soil particles are then transported by agents like water, wind, or glaciers and deposited in new locations to eventually form various soil types.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt
    of 14

    BASIC GEOLOGICAL OF

    SOIL FORMATION

    By
    M. Firdaus, MT
    www.dauspoli.co.cc
    Rock Cycle
    • Grains of minerals that form the solid part of
    the land is the result of weathering of rocks
    • Based on the original, the rocks are divided
    into three types namely rock :
    1.Igneous rock
    2.Sedimentary rock
    3.Metamorf rock
    Cycle Scheme rocks
    Sedimenting

    Sedimentary Compaction
    Rock
    Cementiation

    Crystalize
    Transportation of
    change

    Erosion

    weathering
    Metamorphosis

    Metamorf
    Rock

    Igneous
    Rock

    Melt
    Magma
    Igneous Rock
    • Clots formed from molten magma that pushed
    the earth surface
    • Most cooled and frozen in the rocks forming
    on the earth surface and partly to stop moving
    before it reaches the earth surface and forms
    an internal igneous rocks (intrusive rock)
    Classification of Frozen Rocks of the texture,
    composition, color, and their sources

    Coarse Fine grained Lava rocks


    grained
    Granit - bright colors Riolit – bright colors Obsidian – black and
    shiny
    Diorit – color between Basalt – dark colors
    Batu apung – light,
    Gabbro – dark colors
    hollow and shiny

    Skoria – reddish to black


    with a big empty space
    Sedimentary Rock
    • Due to weathering processes in igneous rocks,
    erosion and transportation (freight) from the
    products of weathering that can stay
    somewhere or brought elsewhere by the
    carrier elements such as ice, water, wind and
    gravity sedimentation or deposition occurs
    transported soil.
    • Through geologic time become hard due to
    heavy load on it and will form the sedimentary
    rocks (lithification).
    Classification of sedimentary rocks
    • Clastic rocks, formed from differences rock
    grain size. Example: shale, sandstone,
    conglomerate
    • Chemistry rock; limestone, dolomite,
    evaporite
    • Biochemical rock / organic; Coquina, reef
    limestone, lime, coral, and coal
    Metamorf Rock
    • Formed by the process of change in
    composition and texture of the rocks due to
    heat and pressure without ever being liquid
    • Rearrangement of minerals during the
    metamorphic rock to produce two basic
    texture :
    1. Foliated, who produces flat rock minerals such as slate, schist
    2. Unfoliated, among others: quartzite, marble, and anthracite
    Rock Weathering and Soil
    Formation
    • Rock weathering is the process of the particles
    become smaller due to mechanical and
    chemical processes.
    • Weathering of rocks produces the material
    from which the rocks were formed and
    produce soil. Weathering can be mechanical
    (physical) or chemical.
    Mechanical weathering
    • Caused by the expanding and shrinking of the rocks
    due to changes in heat and cold continuous
    (weather, sun, etc) that eventually destroyed the
    rock
    • The factor is :
    1. Influence of climate
    2. Exfoliate, who berries outer exposed rocks
    3. Erosion by wind and rain
    4. Abration
    5. Organic activities, crushing by plants and insects that reveal
    the activity of rock
    Chemical weathering
    • Include changes in the rock minerals into new
    mineral compounds. The process that occurs among
    other :
    1. Oxidation, when the rock hit by rain
    2. Solution, mainly limestone partially or completely dissolve in
    rain water, especially if rain water contains enough carbon
    dioxide.
    3. Leaching, The water reacts with the adhesive material
    resulting in calcareous sediment of rock particles apart,
    forming a new sediment.
    4. Hydrolisis, example the formation of clay from the weathering
    of which there were also water and carbonic acid formed by
    water that is mixed with carbon dioxide.
    Transportation of products of
    weathering
    • Weathering products can stay somewhere or
    other place carried by the carrier elements
    such as ice. Water, wind and gravity.
    • Residual soil is soil which occurs by the
    accumulation of weathering products of just
    his native place only.
    Classification according to type of carrier
    and by precipitation in a new place
    • Glacial soil, formed by the transport and
    deposition by glaciers (rivers of ice)
    • Alluvial soil, formed by transported by flowing
    water and deposited along streams (rivers).
    • Lacustrine soil, is caused by deposition in a
    quiet lakes.
    • Marine land, formed by deposition at sea.
    • Aeolian soil, is caused by transported and
    deposited by wind, primarily composed of
    ground smooth (loess) and sand dune.
    • Colluvial soil, formed by the movement of land
    from its original location due to gravity as it
    occurs in a landslide, especially lichen thalli
    were found at the bottom of the reef. Lichen
    thalli are deposits that formed at the foot of
    the cliffs a result of weathering on the cliff face,
    resulting in a pile of rock fragments at the foot
    of cliffs.

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