Asphalt is a sticky, black substance derived from petroleum that is primarily used for road construction and roofing. It has been used since at least 5,000 BC. Asphalt is characterized as adhesive, waterproof, hard yet viscous and elastic. There are various types of asphalt including hot mix asphalt concrete commonly used for highways, warm mix asphalt concrete which uses less energy, and mastic asphalt used for waterproofing. Asphalt is tested through various methods to evaluate properties like stiffness, failure behavior, aging effects, and resistance to rutting.
Asphalt is a sticky, black substance derived from petroleum that is primarily used for road construction and roofing. It has been used since at least 5,000 BC. Asphalt is characterized as adhesive, waterproof, hard yet viscous and elastic. There are various types of asphalt including hot mix asphalt concrete commonly used for highways, warm mix asphalt concrete which uses less energy, and mastic asphalt used for waterproofing. Asphalt is tested through various methods to evaluate properties like stiffness, failure behavior, aging effects, and resistance to rutting.
Asphalt is a sticky, black substance derived from petroleum that is primarily used for road construction and roofing. It has been used since at least 5,000 BC. Asphalt is characterized as adhesive, waterproof, hard yet viscous and elastic. There are various types of asphalt including hot mix asphalt concrete commonly used for highways, warm mix asphalt concrete which uses less energy, and mastic asphalt used for waterproofing. Asphalt is tested through various methods to evaluate properties like stiffness, failure behavior, aging effects, and resistance to rutting.
Asphalt is a sticky, black substance derived from petroleum that is primarily used for road construction and roofing. It has been used since at least 5,000 BC. Asphalt is characterized as adhesive, waterproof, hard yet viscous and elastic. There are various types of asphalt including hot mix asphalt concrete commonly used for highways, warm mix asphalt concrete which uses less energy, and mastic asphalt used for waterproofing. Asphalt is tested through various methods to evaluate properties like stiffness, failure behavior, aging effects, and resistance to rutting.
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ASPHALT
• Is also known as bitumen, its sticky, black, high
vicious liquid and or semi-solid form of petroleum
• Its primary use in road construction and other
use as a sealant rooftops HISTORY OF ASPHALT • 5th Millennium B.C asphalt is used as a waterproofing and as an adhesive for baskets in early Indus valley sites. • 625 B.C. first recorded use of asphalt as a road building material in Babylon. • 1295 European exploring the new world discovered natural deposit of asphalt. Sir Water Raleigh described a “plan” (or lake) of asphalt on the island of Trinidad, near Venezuela. He uses it for re-caulking his ships. • 1870 Belgian Chemical Edmund J. Desemdt laid the first true asphalt pavement in the US • 1990 the first modern asphalt facility was built in 1901 by Warren Brothers in east Cambridge • 1995 The national Bituminous Concrete Association was founded. • 1986 NAPA (National Asphalt Pavement Association) established the national center for asphalt technology. PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT • ADHESIVE • WATERPROOF • HARDNESS • VISCOUS • ELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ASPHALT
• Flash Point – temperature at which a
substance will ignite with an open flame • Rolling thin film oven – indicator of the aging effect of short term high temperature when producing acc. • Viscosity – rotational viscometer measure the viscous at a standard temperature (135) • Complex shear modulus – dynamics shear rheometer • Flexural creep – bending beam rheometer measure creep stiffness TENSILE STRENGTH Table 2. Asphalt Characterization tests
Test Standard [21] Result
Penetration ASTM D 5-97 62 (1/10 mm) Ductility ASTM D 113-99 115 cm Viscosity ASTM D2170-95 1550 poises Softening point ASTM D 36-95 43 °C Flash and fire point ASTM D 3143-98 220 °C and 225 °C TYPES OF ASPHALT • Rolled asphalt – typically composed 5% asphalt/bitumen cement and 95% aggregate (stone, gravel and sand) • Different Mixes of Rolled asphalt • Hot mix asphalt concrete – procure at a temperature between 150 and 190 °C. Hmac is the form of asphalt concrete most commonly used on high traffic pavement such as those on major highway, racetrack, airfield. • Warm mix asphalt concrete - a typical wma is produced at a temperature around 20 – 40 °C lower than an equivalent hot mix asphalt. Less energy is involved and during the paving operation, the temperature in the mix is lower, resulting in improved working conditions for the crew and an earlier opening of the road. • Mastic asphalt – a type of asphalt which differ from dense graded asphalt in that it has higher asphalt/bitumen content usually around 7-10% of the whole aggregate mix as opposed to rolled asphalt concrete. Widely used in the building industry for waterproofing flat roof and tanking underground. • Porous asphalt – develop and plan a new tooling their toolbox for managing storm water. These pavement used mostly for parking lots, allow water to drain through the pavement surface into a stone recharge bed and infiltrate into the soils below the pavement. • Advantage and Disadvantage Category Asphalt Concrete Cost Cost less starts at about 2$ to More expensive, 3$ to 10$ per 5$ per square foot square foot. Decoration element drive price higher Curing Can drive asphalt almost Wait for 7 days before driving immediately on it Unkeep More maintenance, but its Less maintenance but repairs easier to do more difficult Cracking Easier to repair cracks and Patching more obvious, may holes can be filled and sealed need expensive repair Weather Shrink and expand as the Cracks under extreme pressure temperature changes or surface movement Off & Cas Old leaks not as noticeable but Oil and Gas Leaves obvious gasoline will cause damage stained than asphalt Longetivity Up to 20 years Up to 30 years TESTING METHODS • Dsr (dynamic shear rheomete)mainly to evaluate the stiffness of a binder
• Bbr (Bending Beam Rheometer) to evaluate the low-
temperature properties of bitumen (mainly failure behavior) TESTING METHODS
• Rcat (Rotating Cylinder Aging Test) to
stimulate the aging of the bitumen in asphalt mixture
• Mscrt (Multiple Stress Creep Recovery
Test) to evaluate resistance to rutting.
• Force-ductility to evaluate cohesion in
traction TESTING METHODS
• Wheel tracking test to
determine the resistance to rutting of asphalt mixture.
• Triaxial test to determine the
resistance to permanent deformation of asphalt mixture.
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