The document discusses the key components of building foundations, including:
- Footings that distribute the building's weight and protect the structure from frost heaving. Proper site preparation, layout, excavation, and concrete pouring techniques are described.
- Foundation walls made of poured concrete or concrete block that support the building above grade. Reinforcement, waterproofing, and backfilling are addressed.
- Slabs on grade that require a gravel base, moisture barrier, reinforcement, and proper concrete finishing.
- Common rules of thumb for footing dimensions, rebar placement, and crawl space insulation are provided.
The document discusses the key components of building foundations, including:
- Footings that distribute the building's weight and protect the structure from frost heaving. Proper site preparation, layout, excavation, and concrete pouring techniques are described.
- Foundation walls made of poured concrete or concrete block that support the building above grade. Reinforcement, waterproofing, and backfilling are addressed.
- Slabs on grade that require a gravel base, moisture barrier, reinforcement, and proper concrete finishing.
- Common rules of thumb for footing dimensions, rebar placement, and crawl space insulation are provided.
The document discusses the key components of building foundations, including:
- Footings that distribute the building's weight and protect the structure from frost heaving. Proper site preparation, layout, excavation, and concrete pouring techniques are described.
- Foundation walls made of poured concrete or concrete block that support the building above grade. Reinforcement, waterproofing, and backfilling are addressed.
- Slabs on grade that require a gravel base, moisture barrier, reinforcement, and proper concrete finishing.
- Common rules of thumb for footing dimensions, rebar placement, and crawl space insulation are provided.
The document discusses the key components of building foundations, including:
- Footings that distribute the building's weight and protect the structure from frost heaving. Proper site preparation, layout, excavation, and concrete pouring techniques are described.
- Foundation walls made of poured concrete or concrete block that support the building above grade. Reinforcement, waterproofing, and backfilling are addressed.
- Slabs on grade that require a gravel base, moisture barrier, reinforcement, and proper concrete finishing.
- Common rules of thumb for footing dimensions, rebar placement, and crawl space insulation are provided.
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Foundation Components
Footing
Footings & Foundations
Foundation Components
(to attach wood stud sill plate)
(moves water away
from building)
(to keep water off of foundation wall)
(separates slab from foundation wall)
(to keep water off of slab)
(moves water away from building) (to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier)
Footings & Foundations
Foundation Types
Footings & Foundations
Site Preparation
Remove trees and any debris
Remove top soil (4-6 below surface)
Footings & Foundations
Site Layout
Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete
Layout building perimeter Use batter boards Establish building corners & building perimeter Use surveying instruments
Footings & Foundations
Excavation
Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards
Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter Dont excavate inside soil if slab on grade If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring
Footings & Foundations
Pour Footings
Construct formwork (if required)
Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings (protrudes above footing to tie-into foundation wall) Pour concrete footings
Smooth / finish surface
Footings & Foundations
Pour Slab on Grade
Install gravel base (to keep water off of slab)
Install moisture barrier (to keep water off of slab) Install reinforcement (welded wire fabric) Pour concrete slab Finish slab surface
Install reinforcement into formwork Pour concrete foundation wall Install anchor bolts into semi-cured concrete
Footings & Foundations
Pour Concrete Foundation Walls
Allow concrete to cure adequately (7-10 days)
Strip forms Apply waterproofing Install perimeter drain tile Backfill
Footings & Foundations
Install Concrete Block Foundation Walls
Allow concrete footing to properly cure
Install first course of concrete block on bed of mortar Continue to lay block on top of first course until desired height reached Install horizontal reinforcement as courses proceed
Footings & Foundations
Install Concrete Block Foundation Walls
Install vertical reinforcement at significant heights
Install grout into cells with vertical reinforcement Tool joints and clean masonry Install waterproofing
Footings & Foundations
Rules of Thumb
Footing shall be below frost line
Footing width usually 2x height Typical size (24 wide x 12 tall) Rebar is usually 3 from edge of concrete Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation along the interior face of the foundation wall