Restoration of System After Blackout
Restoration of System After Blackout
Restoration of System After Blackout
Seminar Report
Pradipgiri Goswami
U10EE026
B.tech.IV
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology
Surat-395007
Table Of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Power Outage
Causes Of Massive Grid Failure
Effects Of Blackout
Conclusion
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Power Outage
Weather
Natural Calamities
Construction Accidents
Transient Fault
Sag In Voltage
Blackout
Power Swings
Synchronous generators inter connected and run at same speed. At the time of disturbance
restorative torque bring back to same speed.
For large fault Transient instability increasing.
Load Encroachment
Mal Operation of Relay
Unintended Tripping
RESEARCH
Stagnant Hydro Gen.
Scheduled limit
Power deficit
2)
System Restoration
Systems of generating stations with black start facilities
Those generating stations where black start facility
are available should be started up and stable islands
should be formed around these generating stations
by connecting essential loads. These islands should
be gradually interconnected at the earliest opportunity
keeping into consideration the total load-generation
balance. Care should be taken to add loads in steps
keeping in view the load characteristics.
i.e. variation of load with respect to voltage & frequency.
System Restoration
Priorities:
General guidelines:
The operator at generating stations and sub-stations should have the knowledge of pre-identified
synchronising locations and pre laid down synchronising procedures.
Switching procedure should be clearly laid down and periodically reviewed.
Human Eror
Communication Problem
No load conditions
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the power system black-outs are critical events, which
affects economical and social systems severely. They should be treated as soon as
possible. Here basic procedure of restoration after blackout is stated but in real-time
situation solution may vary depending up on the actual fault. So the steps have to be
taken according to the seriousness of conditions.