Land Resources

LAND RESOURCES
Land Resource
A
very important resource that we

cannot do without
The
survival of animals and plants and

other living organisms depend much on
the condition of the lands.
Contain
essential nutrients and minerals

that sustain plants' lives, which in turn
sustain human existence.
The Soil
Can
maintain the balance in an

ecosystem if not disturbed.
It
is reproduced from its parent

material at a very slow rate: 300 to
1,000 years or more to build just a
single inch of topsoil.
Soil Layers
1. Topsoil contains
Most of the nutrients needed by plants and
animals.
Important microorganisms that are helpful in
the maintenance of ecological balance.
2. Subsoil - works as a water catchment

system.
3. Substratum - the home of minerals
such as coal and other mined minerals.
Destruction of Soil
Major reasons for the destruction of
soil.
1. Human activities.
2.
Natural, through erosion.
Human Activities Destructive to Soil

Farming
(e.g. kaingin system)
Urbanization
and industrialization
Harvesting plants
Erosion
Accelerated
process of soil removal

brought about by human interference
with the normal equilibrium between
soil building and soil removal.
artificial erosion (human activities)
geological or natural erosion (caused by
nature)
Water
Wind
erosion
erosion
Water Erosion
Transposition
of soil by rainwater,
including melted snow, running rapidly
over exposed land surfaces.
sheet erosion
rill erosion
gully erosion.
Wind Erosion
Blowing
of loose soil from one place

to another.
destructive as water erosion and is
usually occurring in places where water
erosion is also active.
dust storm or sand storm.
AGRICULTURAL
CROPLAND
Agricultural Crop Land
Land used primarily for production of

food and fiber
Agriculture relies heavily on irrigation
Overgrazing and poor cropping lead

to major losses of soil.
Erosion is a threat to productivity of

agricultural land
Effect of Agriculture on the Environment
Contamination of ground and surface

waters by nutrients and pesticides
Smoke from agricultural burning
Dust from open feedlots, tillage, and
harvesting
Pesticide drift from spraying
Emissions of odorous compounds and
greenhouse gases from agricultural
operation
Factors Affecting Agricultural

Land Degradation
Land Use
Fertilizer consumption
Pesticide consumption
Irrigation

Land Degradation
Land Use
Improper crop selection
Improper tilling of soil
Overgrazing
Waste management

Land Degradation
Fertilizer consumption
Mishandling and misuse
Over consumption of fertilizer raise
the soils NPK to hazardous levels
not suitable for crop growth
Improper fertilizers for specific
crops or soil types

Land Degradation
Pesticide consumption
Improper use of
Pesticides
Insecticides
Herbicides
Fungicides
Bactericides
Rodenticides

Land Degradation
Irrigation
Lack or oversupply of irrigation
Inappropriate and faulty irrigation
systems
Soil Conservation
Erosion Control
Minimum tillage
Contour farming
Strip cropping
Terracing
Gully reclamation
Shelterbelts
Nutrient
preservation
Organic fertilizers
Synthetic fertilizers
Crop rotation
SILVICULTURE
Silviculture
The art and science of

controlling the
establishment, growth,
composition, health, and
quality of forests and
woodlands to meet the
diverse needs and values
of landowners and society
on a sustainable basis
Cornerstones
Silvics - provide descriptions of

individual tree species in the context
of sciences basic to understanding
how trees grow.
Ecology - explains the relationships

between trees, other living organisms
and their environment: soil, climate,
and the land itself.
Silvicultural Treatments
Tending focusing on
growth of uncut trees
by allocating nutrients
and open space.
Regeneration
cultivating new
generations of trees.
Tending
Weeding of seedlings and

saplings with a brush saw
Thinning of poles and saw

timber
From below: cut shortest
trees
From above: cut tallest
trees
Crown: cut within main
canopy
Geometric: cut to create
even spacing of trees
Free: cut as you please
Regeneration
Clearcutting: all of the trees

removed
Seed-Tree: scattered trees
left to reseed the stand
Shelterwood: gradual stand
removal; such that the first
cut maintains ground shade
Selection system: periodic
removals maintain an
uneven-aged character, also
serves as a tending activity
WATERSHEDS
Watershed
A region of land where water drains downhill into a

specified body of water, such as a river, lake, sea,
ocean, or wetland.
Includes both the waterway and the land that drains

to it
Separated topographically by a ridge, hill or

mountain
Provide habitats for animals, lessen flooding, and

prevent erosion
Watershed
A lake is a reflection of its watershed

as to
Size
Topography
Geology
Land use
soil fertility and erodibility,
Vegetation

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LAND RESOURCES

very important resource that we

survival of animals and plants and

essential nutrients and minerals

maintain the balance in an

is reproduced from its parent

2. Subsoil - works as a water catchment

Natural, through erosion.

Human Activities Destructive to Soil

(e.g. kaingin system)

process of soil removal

of loose soil from one place

Agricultural Crop Land

Land used primarily for production of

Overgrazing and poor cropping lead

Erosion is a threat to productivity of

Effect of Agriculture on the Environment

Contamination of ground and surface

Factors Affecting Agricultural

Factors Affecting Agricultural

Factors Affecting Agricultural

Factors Affecting Agricultural

Factors Affecting Agricultural

The art and science of

Silvics - provide descriptions of

Ecology - explains the relationships

Weeding of seedlings and

Thinning of poles and saw

Clearcutting: all of the trees

A region of land where water drains downhill into a

Includes both the waterway and the land that drains

Separated topographically by a ridge, hill or

Provide habitats for animals, lessen flooding, and

A lake is a reflection of its watershed

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