Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
and Mixtures
What is an atom?
H
Hydrogen
atom
N
a
Sodium
atom
Cl
Chlorine
atom
Atom:
What is a molecule?
O
H
H
O
O
O
N
N
Molecule:
What is an ion?
What is an ion?
Ions
Matter
Matter
Pure
substances
Impure
substances
(Mixtures)
Pure Substances
Pure Substances
Elements
Compounds
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCE
ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS
METALS
NON METALS
METALLOIDS
NOBLE
GASES
HOMOGENEOUS
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
HETEROGENEOUS
Elements
An elements is a pure substance which
cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by any physical or chemical
change.
Elements
Noble gas
Vs.
Metals
Non metals
Metalloids
Metalloids
Antimony
Bismuth
Noble gas
Helium
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Xenon
Radon
Compound
Compounds
Composed of two
or more elements
Properties are different
from constituent
elements
Can be broken down
Compounds
Examples of Compounds
Common salt
Methanol
Benzene
Washing soda
Caustic soda
Baking soda
Epsom salt
Compounds
Mixtures
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Mixture
Homogeneous Mixtures
Hetrogenous Mixtures
Mixtures
Mixtures
Mixture of
Type
Example
Two soilids
1.
Homogeneous
Alloy
2.
Heterogeneous
Fe + S
1.
Homogeneous
NaCl in water
2.
Heterogeneous
1.
Homogeneous
Water + Alcohol
2.
Heterogeneous
Two liquid
Petrol + Kerosene
Comparison between
Compounds and Mixtures
Properties
Proportion
Nature
Particles
Original properties
Separation
Compounds
Mixtures
Solutions
Tyndall effect
Collodial solution
Dispersed
medium
Dispersed phase
Examples
Emulsion
Liquid
Liquid
Sol
Liquid
Solid
Ink, paints,
muddy water
Aerosol of solids
Gas
Solid
Smog, dust
Aerosol of liquid
Gas
Liquid
Liquid spray
Clouds
Gel
Solid
Liquid
Jellies
Butter
Cheese
Foam
Liquid
Gas
Shaving cream
foam
Tyndall effect
Brownian movement
Suspension
Nature
Appearance
Filterability
Visibility of particle
Settling of particles
Scattering of light
True solution
Colloidal solution
Suspension
Properties
True solution
Colloidal solution
Suspension
Nature
Homogenous
Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous
Appearance
Transparent
Filterability
Pass through
ordinary filter
paper
Cannot pass
through ordinary
filter paper
Visibility of
particle
Invisible
Invisible
Visible
Settling of
particles
Particles do not
settle
Particle settle on
standing
Scattering of light
Do no show tyndall
effect
Separation of solids
Separation of
insoluble solids
Separation of soluble
solids
Fractional crystallization
Step1: Adding mix to water and warming it
Step 2: Cooling of
saturated solution
Step 3: Filtering
Step 4:
Separation of soluble
soilds of which one
sublimes on heating
Sublimation
Step1: Plug one end of funnel
with cotton wool and place it
on an evaporating dish with
the mixture
Step2: Heat the soild
Step3: Collect sublimate
Example: NH4CL + NaCl
Magnetic separation
Magnetic separation
Method
Physical property
Examples
Solvent
Extraction
Separation of
Insoluble
solid solids
NaCl + sand
insoluble
Soluble solid
Potassium nitrate+
potassium chlorate
Ammonium chloride+
Sodium chloride
Magnetic
separation
One component
Iron + Copper
should ne magnetic
in nature
Method 1:Evaporation
Solid non-volatile constituent from liquid
constituent
Step1: Heating in a sand or water bath
Example: Salt and water
Method 2: Distillation
Soluble solid constituent from liquid constituent
Method 2: Distillation
Soluble solid constituent from liquid constituent
Step1: Add impure water
to distillation flask
Step 2: Heat flask
Step 3: Collect condensate
Method 3: Sedimentation
Insoluble solid constituent from liquid constituent
Method 4: Filteration
Insoluble solid constituent from liquid constituent
Chromatography
Chromatography
Chromatography
Centrifugation