Hydropower Plant
Hydropower Plant
Hydropower Plant
2012-CH-428
Chemical Engineering Dept.
MNS-UET, Multan
CONTENTS
What is Hydropower
History of hydropower
Types of Hydropower
Generator
Hydropower in Pakistan
WHAT IS HYDROPOWER?
HISTORY OF HYDROPOWER
Water wheels and mills are used for irrigation and mining
In 1848, the turbine was created, improving the water wheels and
mills. Turbines are specific to each sight
The first hydroelectric power plant was built in 1879 at Niagara Falls
TYPES OF HYDROPOWER
There are many types of hydropower, but the most
important ones are:
1.
2.
3.
. But
TURBINES
A machine for producing continuous power in
which a wheel or rotor, typically fitted with
vanes, is made to revolve by a fast-moving
flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid. It
is also called the heart of the power plant
because the efficiency of hydropower plant
depends on the turbine efficiency.
TYPES OF TURBINES
The following types of turbines are mostly
used in hydropower plant:
1. Kaplan turbines
2. Francis turbines
3. Pelton turbines
KAPLAN TURBINES
Low
FRANCIS
TURBINES
Heads
between
15 and 700 m.
Medium Flow
Rates
Good efficiency
= 0.96 for
modern
machines
PELTON
TURBINES
Large
heads (from
100 meter to 1800
meter)
Relatively small
flow rate
Maximum of 6
nozzles
Good efficiency
over a vide range
COMPARISON OF TURBINES
THE EFFICIENCY OF FRANCIS TURBINE IS
MAXIMUM.
GENERATOR
A
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER
Least
DISADVANTAGES OF
HYDROPOWER PLANT
Have
HYDROPOWER IN PAKISTAN
HYDROPOWER PLANT IN
PAKISTAN
After a decade, 1.7 MW Jaban (Malakand-I)
hydropower Project was built which was later
upgraded to a 20 MW capacity. Subsequently, in
1953, Dargai (Malakand-II) hydropower Project was
commissioned. At the time of independence, Pakistan
inherited a very small power base of only 60 MW
capacity for its 31.5 million people. At the time of
creation of WAPDA in 1958, the country's total
hydropower capacity was enhanced to 119 MW. With
the signing of Indus Basin Water Treaty in 1960,
Pakistan was entitled to use 142 MAF (Indus 93,
Jhelum 23 and Chenab 26) of surface water.
Subsequently, 240 MW Warsak, 1000 MW Mangla and
3478 MW Tarbela Hydropower Projects
RESOURCES OF HYDROPOWER
IN PAKISTAN