Integration of Health and Environment
Integration of Health and Environment
Integration of Health and Environment
Integration- Fostering a sense of oneness. An approach that combines all aspects that are relevant to tackle the problems in the environment.
Sustainability- The development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Among children 0-14 years of age, the proportion of deaths attributed to the environment was as high as 36%.
Disease with the largest absolute burden attributable to modifiable environmental factors included: Diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, other unintentional injuries, and vector borne diseases like malaria.
Diarrhoea: An estimated 94% of the diarrheal burden of disease is attributable to environment, with risk factors such as unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation and hygiene.
Lower respiratory infections: Associated with indoor air pollution due to household solid fuel use and possibly to second-hand tobacco smoke, as well as to outdoor air pollution. In developed countries, an estimated 20% of such infections are attributable to environmental cause, in developing countries it is 42%.
Open Defecation
JMP report 2012: In World total 1053.7 million people are practicing open defecation. Out of them 60 percent are living in India only. Census 2011: India 49.8% of total 122.9 million households practice open defecation. In rural India 67.3% i.e. 113 million households practice open defecation. According to survey done by Sulabh Academy, around 50% of houses lack sewerage facilities in Delhi slums. Most of the people around 41% uses community toilet and 9% practice open defecation. The World Bank Water and Sanitation Programme study The Economic Impacts of Inadequate Sanitation in India (2010) showed that inadequate sanitation (viz. inadequate household access as well as associated poor hygienic behavior and lack of safe confinement and disposal of fecal matter) caused India considerable economic losses, equivalent to 6.4 per cent of Indias GDP in 2006 at US$53.8 billion (Rs.5.4 trillion). The poorest 20% of households living in urban areas bore the highest per capita economic impacts of inadequate sanitation.
major cause of this infection Contaminated fingers, food, domestic flies, soil, contaminated drinking water help in transmission Faecal oral infection cause diarrheal diseases Around 7 lakhs deaths take place due to diarrheal diseases
CH4 14.3%
(Source: www.epa.gov)
Substantial burden on health services; Global food production decreases; About 30% of global coastal wetlands lost.
Major changes in natural systems cause predominantly negative consequences for biodiversity, water and food supplies. Widespread coral mortality. Millions more people face flooding risk every year. Increased risk of extinction for 20-30% of known species. Most corals bleached. Increasing mortality from heat waves, floods and droughts Decreasing water availability ; Increasing drought in many regions ; Increasing wildfire risk ; Increased flood and storm damage ; Increasing burden from malnutrition, diarrheal, cardio-respiratory and infectious diseases
2007
Current Warming
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CLIMATE CHANGE
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Conditions in settings such as home, school, workplace and city profoundly influence health status. Inter-sectoral coordination for health is necessary at local level.
Main Objectives
To reduce the disease burden Help the weaker sections of the society
ecosystem
"Treat the earth well: it was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you by your children. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it from our Children." Ancient Indian Proverb