BIO 201 Chapter 9 Power Point Presentation
BIO 201 Chapter 9 Power Point Presentation
BIO 201 Chapter 9 Power Point Presentation
Joints
Joint Classifications
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
Types of Movements at Synovial Joints
Types of Synovial Joints
Factors Affecting Contact and Range of Motion
at Synovial Joints
Joints (Joint Classification)
Sutures
Occur only between bones of
the skull
Syndesmoses
Permits slight movement
Interosseous membrane
Between the tibia and fibula in
the leg
Gomphoses
Immovable joint
Joint in which a cone-shaped
peg fits into a socket
Articulations of the teeth
with the sockets of the
maxillae and mandible
Joints (Cartilaginous Joints)
Synchondroses
Connecting tissue is hyaline cartilage
Epiphyseal (growth) plate
Symphyses
Slightly movable joint
Ends of the articulating bones are covered with
hyaline cartilage, but a disc of fibrocartilage
connects the bones
Pubic symphysis
Between the anterior surfaces of the hip
bones
Intervertebral joints between the vertebrae
Joints (Synovial Joints)
Menisci
Pads of cartilage lie between the articular surfaces of the bones
Allow bones of different shapes to fit together more tightly
Joints (Synovial Joints)
Nerve and Blood Supply
Nerve endings convey information about pain
from the joint to the spinal cord and brain
Gliding
Simple movement back-and-forth and from side-to-side
There is no significant alteration of the angle between the
bones
Limited in range
Intercarpal joints
Angular Movements
Increase or a decrease in the angle between articulating
bones
Angular movements include
Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Joints (Types of Movements at
Synovial Joints)
Flexion
Decrease in the angle between articulating bones
Bending the trunk forward
Extension
Increase in the angle between articulating bones
Flexion and extension are opposite movements
Lateral flexion
Movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist
Hyperextension
Continuation of extension beyond the normal extension
Bending the trunk backward
Abduction
Movement of a bone away from the midline
Moving the humerus laterally at the shoulder joint
Adduction
Movement of a bone toward the midline
Movement that returns body parts to normal position from
abduction
Joints (Types of Movements at
Synovial Joints)
Circumduction
Movement of a body part in a circle
Moving the humerus in a circle at the shoulder joint
Rotation
A bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Turning the head from side to side as when you shake your head
“no”
Joints (Types of Movements at
Synovial Joints)
Joints (Types of Movements at
Synovial Joints)
Special Movements
Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Inversion
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Supination
Pronation
Opposition
Joints (Types of Movements at
Synovial Joints)
Elevation
Upward movement of a part of the body
Closing the mouth
Its opposing movement is depression
Depression
Downward movement of a part of the body
Opening the mouth
Protraction
Movement of a part of the body anteriorly
Thrusting the mandible outward
Its opposing movement is retraction
Retraction
Movement of a protracted part of the body back
to normal
Joints (Types of Movements at
Synovial Joints)
Inversion
Movement of the foot medially
Its opposing movement is eversion
Eversion
Movement of the sole laterally
Dorsiflexion
Bending of the foot at the ankle in an upward direction
Its opposing movement is plantar flexion
Plantar flexion
Bending of the foot at the ankle in a downward direction
Supination
Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned upward
Its opposing movement is pronation
Pronation
Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned downward
Opposition
Movement of the thumb in which the thumb moves across the
palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand
Joints (Types of Movements at
Synovial Joints)
Joints (Types of Synovial Joints)
Planar Joints
Primarily permit back-and-forth and side-to-side movements
Intercarpal joints
Hinge Joints
Produce an opening and closing motion like that of a hinged
door
Permit only flexion and extension
Knee and elbow
Joints (Types of Synovial Joints)
Pivot Joints
Surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by
another bone
Joints that enable the palms to turn anteriorly and posteriorly
Condyloid Joints
The projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression
of another bone
Wrist
Joints (Types of Synovial Joints)
Saddle Joints
Articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular
surface of the other bone fits into the “saddle”
Thumb
Ball-and-Socket Joints
Ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of
another bone
Shoulder and hip
Joints (Factors Affecting Contact and
Range for Motion at Synovial Joints)