Earthquake Shear Wall Divita

SHEAR WALL
SHEAR WALL
SHEAR WALL IS A VERTICAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENT USED TO RESIST LATERAL/HORIZONTAL/SHEAR FORCES PARALLEL TO THE PLANE OF THE WALL IT HAS PROVEN TO BE THE MOST RELIABLE IN RESISTING EARTHQUAKE LOADS.
THE WALLS MAY BE PLACED IN THE FORM OF ASSEMBLIES SURROUNDING THE LIFT SHAFTS OR STAIR WELLS. THE WALLS ARE STRUCTURALLY INTEGRATED WITH ROOFS/FLOORS AND OTHER WALLS THEREBY GIVING A THREE DIMENSIONAL STABILITY FOR THE BUILDING STRUCTURE
COMPARASION TO LOAD BEARING AND RCC FRAME STRUCTURE

RCC FRAME STRUCTURE IS SLENDER BUT DUCTILE.THOUGH ACHIEVING EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN IS NOT POSSIBLE EVERYTIME. SHEAR WALL CAN WITHSTAND EARTHQUAKES BECAUSE THEIR SUPPORTING AREA WITH REFERENCE TO TOTAL PLAN AREA OF THE BUILDING IF COMPARATIVELY MORE UNLIKE THE RCC FRAMED STRUCTURE
LOAD BEARING MASONRY IS VERY BRITTLE MATERIAL. COLLAPSES INSTANTLY DURING EARTHQUAKES
DESIGN OF A SHEAR WALL

DOOR OR WINDOW OPENINGS CAN BE PROVIDED IN SHEAR WALLS, BUT THEIR SIZE MUST BE SMALL TO ENSURE LEAST INTERRUPTION TO FORCE FLOW THROUGH WALLS. OPENINGS SHOULD BE SYMMETRICALLY LOCATED. SHEAR WALLS ARE MORE EFFECTIVE WHEN LOCATED ALONG EXTERIOR PERIMETER OF THE BUILDING WHILE RECTANGULAR CROSSSECTION IS COMMON, L- AND USHAPED SECTIONS ARE ALSO USED
CONCRETE SHEAR WALL

SHEAR WALLS ARE EASY TO CONSTRUCT, BECAUSE REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF WALLS IS SAME AS RC FRAMES THEY ARE COST EFFECTIVE. THESE WALLS GENERALLY START AT FOUNDATION LEVEL AND ARE CONTINUOUS THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING HEIGHT. ONLY THEN IT CAN TRANSFER LOAD TILL FOUNDATION. THEIR THICKNESS CAN BE AS LOW AS 150MM, OR AS HIGH AS 400MM IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS. SHEAR WALLS ARE USUALLY PROVIDED ALONG BOTH LENGTH AND WIDTH OF BUILDINGS.
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
STEEL REINFORCING BARS ARE TO BE PROVIDED IN WALLS IN REGULARLY SPACED VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL GRIDS .
THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT IN THE WALL CAN BE PLACED IN ONE OR TWO PARALLEL LAYERS CALLED CURTAINS.
HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT NEEDS TO BE ANCHORED AT THE ENDS OF WALLS. THIS VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT SHOULD BE DISTRIBUTED UNIFORMLY ACROSS THE WALL CROSSSECTION.
BOUNDARY ELEMENTS AND STILT PARKING

END REGIONS OF A WALL WITH INCREASED CONFINEMENT ARE CALLED BOUNDARY ELEMENTS RC WALLS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS HAVE SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER BENDING STRENGTH AND HORIZONTAL SHEAR FORCE CARRYING CAPACITY
PARKING INCASE OF STILT CONSTRUCTION ,SHEAR WALLS MUST BE STRATEGICALLY DESIGNED TO GIVE PARKING SPACE
REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY

(RHCBM) CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE IS AN OPTIMAL SOLUTION, BOTH FROM THE ANGLES OF COST EFFECTIVENESS AND STRUCTURAL SAFETY.
RHCBM WALLS ARE CONSTRUCTED BY REINFORCING THE HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY, BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF HOLLOW SPACES AND SHAPES OF THE HOLLOW BLOCKS. WITHOUT INVOLVING ADDITIONAL COSTS AND ANY SPECIAL SKILLS, MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY.
IT IS ADVISABLE TO PROVIDE MINIMUM 12MM ROD IN EVERY CORNER OF A WALL PANEL AND AT EVERY FREE END OF THE WALL PANEL.
AT A SPACING OF MAXIMUM 1.2M, MINIMUM ONE ROD OF 8MM IS TO BE PROVIDED. PROVIDE REINFORCEMENT ALL AROUND ANY OPENINGS SUCH AS WINDOWS AND DOORS. PROVIDE HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT AT FLOOR LEVEL, SILL (WINDOW BOTTOM) LEVEL, LINTEL (WINDOW TOP) LEVEL, AND ROOF LEVELS IN EACH STOREY.
CLASSIFICATION OF SHEAR WALLS

1. SIMPLE RECTANGULAR TYPES AND FLANGED WALLS (BAR BELL TYPE) COUPLED SHEAR WALLS RIGID FRAME SHEAR WALLS 4. 5. FRAMED WALLS WITH IN FILLED FRAMES COLUMN SUPPORTED SHEAR WALLS CORE TYPE SHEAR WALL.
2. 3.
6.
PUNCTURES IN SHEAR WALL

From the illustration above, it can be seen that if a door is placed in the shear wall, the unit shear (v) increases. The same is true for windows or other openings in the shear wall. It can also be shown that a longer shear wall will have a lower unit shear than a shorter one, thus permitting the use of thinner sheathing and fewer (or smaller) nails.
IN MIDPLY SHEAR WALL DESIGN, ONE PLY OF SHEATHING MATERIAL IS PLACED AT THE CENTER OF THE WALL BETWEEN A SERIES OF PAIRS OF STUDS ORIENTED IN A 90 ROTATED POSITION RELATIVE TO
THOSE IN STANDARD SHEAR WALLS
PLYWOOD, TO TRANSFER SHEAR FORCES CHORDS, TO RESIST TENSION/COMPRESSION GENERATED BY THE OVER TURNING MOMENTS BASE CONNECTIONS TO TRANSFER SHEAR TO FOUNDATIONS.
STEEL SHEAR WALL

Advantages of Steel Plate Shear Wall to Resist Lateral Loads: The system, designed and detailed properly is very ductile and has relatively large energy dissipation capability. As a result, steel shear walls can be very efficient and economical lateral load resisting systems. The steel shear wall system has relatively high initial stiffness, thus very effective in limiting the drift. Compared to reinforced concrete shear walls, the steel shear wall is much lighter which can result in less weight to be carried by the columns and foundations as well as less seismic load due to reduced mass of the structure.
STEEL SHEAR WALL V/S CONCRETE SHEAR WALL

Due to relatively small thickness of steel plate shear walls compared to reinforced concrete shear walls, from architectural point of view, steel plate shear walls occupy much less space than the equivalent reinforced concrete shear walls. In high-rises, if reinforced concrete shear walls are used, the walls in lower floors become very thick and occupy large area of the floor plan. Compared to reinforced concrete shear walls, steel plate shear walls can be much easier and faster to construct when they are used in seismic retrofit of existing building. Steel plate shear wall systems that can be constructed with shop welded-field bolted elements can make the steel plate shear walls more efficient than the traditional systems. These systems can also be very practical and efficient for cold regions where concrete construction may not be economical under very low temperatures.
CRACKS
DURING LARGE SEISMIC EVENTS, SHEAR CRACKING AND DISTRESS CAN OCCUR AROUND OPENINGS IN CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS AND IN SPANDREL BEAMS AND LINK BEAMS BETWEEN SHEAR WALLS SHEAR FAILURE CAN OCCUR AT WALL CONSTRUCTION JOINTS USUALLY AT A LOAD LEVEL BELOW THE EXPECTED CAPACITY. BENDING FAILURES CAN RESULT FROM INSUFFICIENT VERTICAL CHORD STEEL AND INSUFFICIENT LAP LENGTHS AT THE ENDS OF THE WALLS
ISOLATED SHEAR WALL for RETROFITTING

ISOLATED SHEAR WALLS CAN BE USED TO PROVIDE STABILITY TO THE BUILDING FRAME, WHERE THE POSITIONING OF THE BUILDING CORES REQUIRES ADDITIONAL STABILITY STRUCTURES. BI-STEEL PANELS ARE MANUFACTURED AND FABRICATED INTO SHEAR WALL MODULES OFF-SITE, THEN TRANSPORTED TO THE PROJECT SITE WHERE THEY ARE QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY ASSEMBLED. ONCE IN POSITION, THE PANELS ARE FILLED WITH CONCRETE TO CREATE A ROBUST STRUCTURE WITH OUTSTANDING STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS. BENEFITS FASTER TO BUILD HIGHLY FLEXIBLE IMPROVED EFFICIENCY DUE TO BETTER BUILD SEQUENCE AND REDUCED SITE CONGESTION GREATER ACCURACY IMPROVED INTERFACE WITH ADJOINING STEELWORK
SEISMIC-STRENGTHENING TECHNOLOGIES
JACKETING OF BOUNDARY ELEMENTS USING CAST-IN-SITU REINFORCED CONCRETE (FOR WALLS WITH INADEQUATE THICKNESS AND REINFORCEMENT) CRACK INJECTION WITH EPOXY RESIN, GROUT, OR MORTAR (FOR REPAIRING THE CRACKS IN SHEAR WALLS AND COUPLING BEAMS) ADDITION OF NEW REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS (USED IN BUILDINGS WITH INADEQUATE AMOUNT OF SHEAR WALLS IN ONE DIRECTION)
REFERENCES
www.bmtpc.org www.nicee.org http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-shearwall.htm THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY: DIVITA DUGAR

Earthquake Shear Wall Divita

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Earthquake Shear Wall Divita

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SHEAR WALL

COMPARASION TO LOAD BEARING AND RCC FRAME STRUCTURE

DESIGN OF A SHEAR WALL

CONCRETE SHEAR WALL

BOUNDARY ELEMENTS AND STILT PARKING

REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY

CLASSIFICATION OF SHEAR WALLS

PUNCTURES IN SHEAR WALL

THOSE IN STANDARD SHEAR WALLS

STEEL SHEAR WALL

STEEL SHEAR WALL V/S CONCRETE SHEAR WALL

ISOLATED SHEAR WALL for RETROFITTING

PRESENTED BY: DIVITA DUGAR

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