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    Grammar Pages Week 15

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    goslugs12
    This document discusses indirect objects and the dative case in German grammar. It explains that indirect objects answer the questions "to whom" or "for whom" and are in the dative case. Common verbs that take both a direct and indirect object are explained. The dative case forms of definite and indefinite articles, possessive adjectives, and the question pronoun "wem" are provided. Finally, indirect object pronouns in the dative case are presented.

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    Grammar Pages Week 15

    Uploaded by

    goslugs12
    69 views3 pages
    This document discusses indirect objects and the dative case in German grammar. It explains that indirect objects answer the questions "to whom" or "for whom" and are in the dative case. Common verbs that take both a direct and indirect object are explained. The dative case forms of definite and indefinite articles, possessive adjectives, and the question pronoun "wem" are provided. Finally, indirect object pronouns in the dative case are presented.

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    This document discusses indirect objects and the dative case in German grammar. It explains that indirect objects answer the questions "to whom" or "for whom" and are in the dative case. Common verbs that take both a direct and indirect object are explained. The dative case forms of definite and indefinite articles, possessive adjectives, and the question pronoun "wem" are provided. Finally, indirect object pronouns in the dative case are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    69 views3 pages

    Grammar Pages Week 15

    Uploaded by

    goslugs12
    This document discusses indirect objects and the dative case in German grammar. It explains that indirect objects answer the questions "to whom" or "for whom" and are in the dative case. Common verbs that take both a direct and indirect object are explained. The dative case forms of definite and indefinite articles, possessive adjectives, and the question pronoun "wem" are provided. Finally, indirect object pronouns in the dative case are presented.

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    Grammar Pages Week 15 (3): Indirect Object and Dative Case w/ Articles, Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

    A. Indirect Object and Dative Case

    Review: The direct object noun/pronoun answers the question who/what receives the ACTION directly (“who is verbed?”); its articles and pronouns are in the
    accusative case.

    The indirect object noun or pronoun answers the questions “to whom” or “for whom” is something done (“to whom/for whom is something verbed?”). Its
    associated articles and pronouns are in the dative case (dative endings), which is discussed below.

    Note:

    In English, the direct and indirect object must be in a specific word order to signal function. In addition, the indirect object also carries the preposition “to” when
    it follows the direct object

    In German, the accusative case and the dative case already show a noun’s or pronoun’s function in a sentence; therefore, there is NO preposition with a direct or
    indirect object – EVER!

    Examle: Ich gebe meiner Schwester einen Hund (I give my sister my dog OR I give my dog to my sister)

    Subject: Ich  pronoun in nominative case (the actor, the doer)

    Verb: kaufe (the action, conjugated for “ich”: kaufe)

    Direct Object: Hund  noun in accusative case (direct recipient of the action “geben”; the dog is the “object” that is given) =
    einen Hund

    Indirect Object: Schwester  noun in dative case (indirect recipient/beneficiary of the action “geben”; the dog is given TO MY SISTER) =
    meiner Schwester

    Tip: The dative case appears frequently in sentences with three nouns and/or pronouns: the noun/pronoun of the subject, direct object and indirect object.

    Common verbs that often need or incorporate a direct object (DO) AND an indirect object (IO) are:

    erklären: to explain something (DO) to someone (IO) leihen: to lend something (DO) to someone (IO)

    erzählen: to tell something (DO) to someone (IO) sagen: to say something (DO) to someone (IO)

    geben: to give something (DO) to someone(IO) schenken: to gift something (DO) to someone (IO)
    B. Articles and Possessive Adjectives in the Dative and its Question Pronoun

    Basic Form Masculine and Neuter Feminine Plural


    Definitive Article der/das, die, dem der den
    die
    Indefinite Article ein einem einer

    Negative Article kein keinem keiner keinen

    Possessive mein meinem (to/for my) meiner meinen


    Adjective dein/ Ihr deinem (to/for your)/Ihrem (to/for your) deiner/Ihrer deinen/ Ihren
    sein seinem (to/for his) seiner seinen
    ihr ihrem (to/for her) ihrer ihren
    sein seinem (to/for its) seiner seinen
    unser unserem (to/for our) unserer unseren
    euer eurem (to/for your) eurer euren
    ihr ihrem (to/for their) ihrer ihren

    Examples Ich kaufe dem Mann ein Hemd. Ich schreibe der Frau einen Brief. Ich gebe den Kindern Schokolade.
    Ich kaufe einem Mann ein Hemd. Ich schreibe einer Frau einen Brief. Ich gebe Kindern Schokolade.
    Ich kaufe keinem Mann ein Hemd. Ich schreibe keiner Frau einen Ich gebe keinen Kindern
    Brief. Schokolade.
    Ich kaufe deinem Mann ein Hemd. Ich schreibe Ihrer Frau einen Brief. Ich gebe euren Kindern Schokolade.

    Note: All plural nouns add an –n when in the dative (e.g. Kinder -> Kindern) UNLESS they already end in –n (Freundinnen -> Freundinnen) and –s (Autos-> Autos)

    C. Dative Question Pronoun


    The German question pronoun that asks “to whom/for whom” something is done is “wem”; this question pronoun is usually reserved for people.

    Example:
    Wem gibst du den Brief – To whom do you give the letter? => Ich gebe meiner Mutter den Brief – I give the letter to my mother.
    Wem kaufst du die Tasche? – For whom do you buy the bag? => Ich kaufe die Tasche meinem Vater – I buy the bag for my father.
    D. Indirect Object Pronouns: The Dative Case

    Note: The personal pronouns in the 3rd person (singular and plural) can be used to substitute:

    1. the name or titel of a person (e.g. “Jens” -> “er”/”ihn”/”ihm”; “meine Mutter” -> “sie”/”sie”/”ihr”) or
    2. an object (e.g. “der Mantel“ -> “er”/”ihn”/”ihm”; “die Krawatte“ -> “sie”/”sie”/”ihr”; “das Auto“ -> “es”/”es”/”ihm”).

     to make this evident, the article corresponding to the pronoun’s gender and case is indicated in parentheses in the table below.

    Singular Plural

    Nominative Dative Nominative Dative


    ich mir wir uns

    du dir ihr euch

    Sie Ihnen Sie Ihnen

    er (der + S noun) ihm (dem + IO noun)


    sie (die+ S noun) ihnen (den+ IO noun)
    sie (die + S noun) ihr (der+ IO noun)

    es (das + S noun) ihm (dem+ IO noun)

    For your information ONLY:


    Although German word order is not as rigid as English, there are element positions that are more commonly used:

    Indirect Object pronoun proceeds Direct Object noun: Ich schreibe ihr einen Brief. (I write her a letter)
    Indirect Object noun proceeds Direct Object noun: Ich schreibe meiner Mutter einen Brief. (I write my mom a letter)
    Direct Object pronoun proceeds Indirect Object noun: Ich schreibe ihn meiner Mutter. (I write it to my mother)
    Direct Object pronoun proceeds Indirect Object pronoun: Ich schreibe ihn ihr. (I write it to her)

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