Full Wave Rectifier

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
By
XII
ROLL NO:
AIM
To construct a Full Wave Bridge
rectifier and show that the (AC)
alternating current is rectified into a
direct current (DC).
INDEX
1. CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. INTRODUCTION
4. AIM
5. MATERIALS REQUIRED
6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
7. PROCEDURE
8. WORKING
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
TAGORE PUBLIC SCHOOL , GUDHA GORJI
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that , a
student of class XII has successfully completed the
project titled “RECTIFIER” under the guidance of Mr
NITESH MISHRA (Subject Teacher) During the academic
year 2014-15 in partial fulfillment of physics practical
examination conducted by AISSCE, Mumbai.
Signature of signature of
external examiner subject teacher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many

people have best owned upon me their blessings and the
heart pledged support, this time I am utilizing to thank
all the people who have been concerned with project.
Primarily I would thank god for being able to complete this

project with success. Then I would like to thank my principal
Mr S. K. SHARMA and physics teacher Mr NITESH MISHRA,
whose valuable guidance has been the ones that helped me
patch this project and make it full proof success his
suggestions and his instructions has served as the major
contributor towards the completion of the project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who have

helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has been
helpful in various phases of the completion of the project.
INTRODUCTION
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating
current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process
is known as rectification. Rectification produces a type of
DC that encompasses active voltages and currents, which are
then adjusted into a type of constant voltage DC, although
this varies depending on the current's end-use. The current
is allowed to flow uninterrupted in one direction, and no
current is allowed to flow in the opposite direction.
Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including

vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium
oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled
rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches.
Rectifier circuits may be single-phase or multi-phase.
Most low power rectifiers for domestic equipment are
single-phase, but three-phase rectification is very
important for industrial applications and for the
transmission of energy as DC.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
1. Connecting Wires
2. A plug
3. Single Lead Wire- 2m
4. Three Nuts & Bolts 2-3cm length
5. Circuit Board
6. A Transformer (12V)
7. A Resistor
8. P-N Junction Diodes (4nos)
9. A LED
10. Insulation Tape, Blades, Soldering
Wax, Soldering Lead, Soldering Iron &
Sand Paper
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
A
B
D
PROCEDURE
Take the transformer and attach it to one end of the circuit board.
Attach the plug with the wire of desired length and connect it to the
transformer AC In. now, take four diodes and connect the 4 diodes into
a loop. Connect the anode of diode D1 to the anode of D2.
Connect the cathode of D2 to anode of D3.connect the cathode of D3
to anode of D4 and connect the anode of D4 to cathode of D1. The
output of transformers should be connected to A and C. Now, take two
capacitor and connect its –ve terminal to –ve and +ve terminal to +ve.
And connect both the capacitors to B and D. Connect a resistor and a
LED to the capacitor. Attach wire from the capacitors
and connect it to the output device.
WORKING
When the AC is supplied to the transformer, it step down the
240V main supply to 12V. It has a capability of delivering 700mA.
The 12 volts AC appearing across the secondary is the RMS value.
The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs”
with only two diodes conducting current during each half cycle. The
four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs” with
only two diodes conducting current during each half cycle. During
the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in
series while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current
flows through the load as shown below.
The Positive Half-cycle
During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3 and D4 conduct
in series, but diodes D1 and D2 switch “OFF” as they are now
reverse biased. The current flowing through the load is the same
direction as before.
The Negative Half-cycle
In subsequent Half cycles of the AC Current the above process

are repeated. In both the half cycles it is clear that current
flows through the resistor in only one direction. Even though the
voltage across load is unidirectional it will still contains a few AC
components. This is filtered and made smooth using a capacitor,
which filters 99% of the AC current. A resistor is then used to
adjust the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all AC
components from supply and resistance is adjusted for the
required output. As this is a simple circuit, two capacitors and
one resistor are being used. The output Direct Current and
voltage light up the LED and other source connected with it.
OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION
On connecting a voltmeter to the output of bridge

circuit 12V current is coming.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Keep safe yourself from high voltage.

2. Solder the wire safely.
3. While soldering don’t touch the soldering tip.
4. Solder under adult supervision.
USES
Most electronic device cannot withstand very high voltage or
alternating current due to its intense high power. The use of
batteries in all devices is not practical as their replacement and
durability is a huge problem as the devise has to be dismantled
each time for such replacement. So these rectifiers are used in
most of the electronic devices like TV‟s, Radios, Chargers and
Lightings etc. The common uses of rectifiers are to supply polarized
voltage for welding, detection of amplitude modulated radio signals.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. HELP FROM TEACHERS 2. HELP FROM INTERNET
3. NCERT TEXTBOOK
WEBSITES
www.google.com
www.scribd.com
www.wikipedia.com
THANK YOU

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PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many

Primarily I would thank god for being able to complete this

Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who have

Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including

The Positive Half-cycle

The Negative Half-cycle

In subsequent Half cycles of the AC Current the above process

On connecting a voltmeter to the output of bridge

1. Keep safe yourself from high voltage.

1. HELP FROM TEACHERS 2. HELP FROM INTERNET

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