103 Senior High School

English Module
ARYA YUDHA TRIPRATOMO

XII MIA 2
KELAS 11
I. Dialogue
 Asking and giving advice and suggestion
Expressing suggestion atau advice adalah ungkapan yang digunakan untuk memberikan
nasehat atau saran kepada orang lain.

Asking for advice and suggestion:

What do you think I should do?
What do you recommend we do about ... ?
What should I do?
What do you suggest?
What would you advice us to do?
What do you advise me to do?
If you were me what would you do?
What ought I to do?
Do you think that I should…?
Do you have any suggestions?
What would you do about ...?

Giving advice and suggestion:

If I were you I would/wouldn’t….
If I were in your shoes/position I would…
You had better/ you’d better…..
You should…
Maybe you should…
Your only option is to….
Why don’t you….
Have you thought about….
Have you tried…
I would recommend that you ...
My advice would be to ...
May I suggest that we ...
If I were you, I would ...

Accepting advice and suggestion:

Yes, I agree with that.
That sounds like a good idea!
I don't think that's a good idea.
OK, why don't we do that.
That's very interesting.

Rejecting advice and suggestion:

I'm sorry, i can't agree with that.
I don't think we should do that.
That's very interesting, but ...
I don't know what to advise, I'm afraid.
 I wish I could suggest something, but I can't.
I wish I could help.
I'm afraid I can't really help you.

Example:
Student : I'm terrible at English and I think I should do something about it. What
do you advise me to do?
Teacher : I think you should try this website www.iTapuih.com. It's a fantastic
website for beginners.
Student : I've heard about it, but what do you think I should start with?
Teacher : You'd better start with the lessons. Then, try the exercises. There are many
English material on the website and also some exercises.
Student : I would like to improve my speaking. What should I do?
Teacher : You should watch English channels and listen English musics.
Student : Thank you sir.
Teacher : Don’t mention it.

 Offering help
Expression of offering help atau ungkapan menawarkan bantuan untuk membawakan
sesuatu dibawah ini adalah contoh ungkapan penawaran bantuan kepada seseorang yang
umumnya akan ada jawaban juga dari penerima penawaran apakah akan menerima atau
menolak tawaran.

Contoh Kalimat Asking for Help

Asking for Help adalah meminta bantuan kepada seseorang. Berikut ini adalah contoh
kalimatnya dalam bahasa inggris dan terjemahannya.
- Can you help me? (Bisakah kamu menolongku)
- Could you please give me a hand? (Bisakah kamu menolong saya?)
- Would you like to help me? (Maukah kamu menolongku?)
- Would you mind to come to my house? (Bisakah kamu datang ke rumahku?)
- Could you pass the salt over there, please? (Bisakah kamu mengoper garamnya
tolong?)
- Could you take the garbage outside? (Bisakah kamu membawa sampahnya keluar?)
- Could you bring me the newspaper? (Bisakah kamu membawakanku koran?)
- Could you please open the door? (Bisakah kamu membukakan pintunya?)
- Could you lend me some money? (Bisakah kamu meminjamkan aku uang?)
- Can you please come here for a second? (Bisakah kamu datang kesini sebentar
saja?)

Responses for Accepting for Help (Tanggapan menerima untuk membantu)

- Okay (Baiklah)
- Yes, I can. (Ya, aku bisa)
- Okay, No problem. (Tentu, tidak masalah)
- Sure (Tentu saja)
- Certainly (Tentu saja)
 - No Problem (Tidak masalah)

Responses for Declining for Help (Tanggapan menolak untuk membantu)

 I'm sorry, I can't. (Maafkan aku, aku tidak bisa)
- Sorry, I can't do it. (Maaf, aku tidak bisa melakukannya)
- Sorry, I'm busy. (Maaf, aku sibuk)
- You better manage it on your own. (Kau urus saja sendiri)
- I'm afraid I can't do it (Aku takut aku tidak bisa melakukannya)

Contoh Kalimat Offering for Help

Berbeda dengan asking for help, Offering for help adalah kalimat atau expression yang
menunjukan bahwa kita menawarkan bantuan kepada seseorang yang membutuhkan
pertolongan. Mari kita simak contoh kalimatnya di bawah ini.
- May I help you? (bolehkah aku membantumu?)
- Would you like to help me? (bisakah kau membantuku?)
- Could you pass the salt over there, please? (bisakah anda mengoper garam di
sebelah sana tolong?)
- Would you like to come to my house? (bisakah kamu datang ke rumahku?)
- Would you mind if I sit here? (apa tidak apa apa jika aku duduk disini?)
- Open the window, please. (buka jendelanya, tolong)
- Could you please move to another chair? (bisakah kamu pindah ke kursi lain
tolong?)
- Would you like a cup of coffee?(maukah kamu secangkir kopi?)
- Could you please tell me where is the library? (bisakah kamu menunjukkan dimana
perpustakaan?)
- Would you like to take the garbage outside please? (maukah kamu membawa
sampah keluar tolong?)
- May I give you a hand? (Bisakah aku membantumu?)
- Shall I bring you a pillow? (haruskah aku membawakanmu bantal?)
- Can I do the dishes for you? (bisakah aku mencuci piring untukmu?)
- Shall I help you with your project? (haruskah aku menolongmu dengan tugasmu?)
- Would you care for another cup of tea? (maukah kamu secangkir teh lagi?)

Accepting Offers (Menerima Bantuan)

- Thank you. (terimakasih)
- Yes, please. (ya tolong)
- I'd like it very much. (aku akan sangat menyukainya)
- I'm pleased to do that. (aku senang melakukannya)
- With Pleasure thank you. (dengan senang hati, terimakasih)
- Yes please. I really appreciate it. (ya tolong, aku sangat menghargainya)
- Thank you, it's very kind of you (terimakasih, kamu baik sekali)
- Yes, please, that would be lovely (ya tolong, itu akan sangat menyenangkan)

Declining Offers (Menolak Bantuan)

- No thanks. (tidak terimakasih)
 - I can't, thanks anyway (aku tidak bisa, terimakasih)
- No, I really won't, thank you (tidak, aku tidak mau, terimakasih)
- It's okay, I can do it myself. (terimakasih, aku bisa melakukannya sendiri)
- No thank you. (tidak terimakasih)
- No thanks, I don't need any help (tidak terimakasih, aku tidak membutuhkan
bantuan)
- Don't worry, I will do it myself. (jangan khawatir, aku akan melakukannya sendiri)
- That's alright, I will manage it on my own. (tidak apa apa, aku akan melakukannya
sendiri)

Example:
Anita : Hello Ms. Ratu you looks so busy, may I help you?
Ms. Ratu : Yes I am. Could you please bring students' homework books in my table?
Anita : Sure, and where should I bring it to?
Ms Ratu : Please bring the books to your class, and say sorry to your friends that I
may coming late to the class.
Anita : Okay Miss Ratu. Is there anything else?
Ms Ratu : No it's enough. Thank you very much for your help Anita.
Anita : Your welcome.

 Asking and giving opinion

Asking (Menayakan), Giving (Menjawab), Opinion (Pendapat/Opini) . Asking and Giving
Opinion adalah suatu ungkapan yang digunakan untuk menyakan ataupun menjawab/
merespon suatu pendapat.

Asking Opinion
 What do you think of…? (Bagaimana pendapatmu?)
 What is your opinion? (Apa pendapat mu?)
 What do you think about…? (Bagaimana pendapatmu?)
 What are you feeling? (Apa perasaanmu?)
 What your view on? (Bagaimana pandangan mu?)
 What is your reaction? (Apa reaksimu?)
 What do you like? (Apa yang kamu suka?)
 What is your idea? (Apa pendapatmu?)
 What is your comment? (Apa komentar mu?)
 How is your opinion? (Bagaimana pendapatmu?)
 How about this? (Bagaimana dengan ini?)
 How do you like? (Bagaimana menurutmu?)
 How was the trip? (Bagaimana perjalanan nya?)
 How do you think of my idea? (Bagaimana menurutmu pendapatku)
 How about…? (Bagaimana tentang…?)
  How do you feel? (Apa yang kamu rasakan?)
 How do you think? (Apa yang kamu pikirkan?)
 Please give me your opinion? (Tolong berikan aku pendapatmu?)
 Give me your comment? (Beri aku komentarmu?)
 Give me your reaction (Berikan reaksimu?)
 Do you have opinion of…? (Kamu punya pendapat tentang…?)
 Do you have any idea? (Kamu punya ide?)
 Do you like that? (Kamu menyukainya?)
 Do you think is it good? (Apakah kamu berfikir ini bagus?)

Giving Opinion
 In my opinion (Di pendapatku)
 I think…. (Menurut saya)
 I think that (Aku berfikir bahwa)
 I think I like it (Aku pikir aku menyukainya)
 I personally consider …. (Saya beranggap)
 In my opinian (Menurut Opini saya)
 I personally believe (Saya yakin)
 I tend to think that (Aku berpikir bahwa)
 It is my comment (Ini komentarku)
 In my view (Menurutku)
 As far I know (Sejauh yang aku tau)
 From my point of view (Dari pendapatku)
 The way I see is that (Caraku melihat ini yaitu)
 My comment is (Komentarku adalah)

Example:
Mr. Angga : Hi Dio?
Mr. Dio : Hi Angga?
Mr. Angga : Have you heard about Terrorism in Sarina ?
Mr. Dio : Yes, I got information on television last night.
Mr. Angga : What do you think about that?
Mr. Dio : I think the terrorist is very brutal.
Mr. Angga : I think so, I hope next time there is no incident about it again.
Exercise 1. Alex : You look unhealthy, Boy.
Bryan : Yes, I get a headache and a
stomachache.
 Alex : You should go to a doctor. Come e. I'll be grateful if l go to the art
on, I will accompany you. exhibition
Bryan : Ok.
5. Dany : Good morning Jane, do you want
The underlined words show ....
an ice cream?
a. Agreement Jane: Oh, great! ______, I'd love one.
b. Disagreement Dany: Chocolate or Strawberry?
c. Advice Jane: Chocolate, please.
d. Necessity The suitable expression to complete the
e. Plan dialogue is …
a. Yes please
b. No thanks
2. Andi : I have a bad headache.
c. Don’t vother
Budi : You’d better ..................... d. Never mind
Complete the dialogue above .... e. Not for me
a. Taking an aspirin
b. An aspirin
c. Take an aspirin
d. To take an aspirin
e. Took an aspirin

3. Nino : “........?”
Syifa : “Based on my opinion it is
an excellent film.”
a. How about watching a movie
b. What do you think of this film
c. Don’t you think i am beautiful
d. How do you feel about him
e. What about the food

4. Dewi : .........................
Yuni : I’d love to, but I've an
appointment with a friend tomorrow
a. The fine art exhibition is great
b. I'll go to the fine art exhibition
c. How about going to the fine art
exhibition tomorrow?
d. ls there any more interested in seeing
the art exhibition?

II. Formal and Informal Letter

menurut oxford dictionary letter is a written, typed, or printed communication sent in an
envelope by post or messanger. Jadi, Surat merupakan sebuah tulisan yang di tulis atau
di ketik dan kemudian di cetaklalu di masukkan kedalam sebuah amplop sebagai alat
komunikasi.

Surat sendiri di bagi menjadi 2 yaitu surat formal (surat resmi) dan informal surat (surat
tidak resmi).

Surat Resmi (Formal)

Surat resmi merupakan sebuah surat yang dikirim kepada sebuah instansi tertentu, surat
resmi sangat berbeda dengan surat tidak resmi baik dari struktur dan segi bahasa.

Struktur surat resmi

 Memiliki kepala surat (kop)

 Nama penerima
 Salam pembuka
 Content (isi)
 salam penutup
 Pengirim Surat.

Surat Tidak Resmi (Informal)

Surat tidak resmi merupakan sebuah surat pribadi yang di gunakan untuk berkomunikasi
dengan keluarga, sahabat ataupun teman sebaya. surat tidak resmi tidak memiliki aturan
struktur tertentu seperti surat resmi, bahasa yang di gunakan dalam surat tidak resmi pun
juga lebih santai.

Contoh Surat Resmi

No:88/09/SNR/2009

Subject : Confirmation letter

Serli Nawangsari Rahayu

Head Manager

Hello Kitty Shop

26 Cicendo Street

Bandung

Dear Mrs Rahayu,

 with reference to our telephone conversation today, I am writting to confirm your order
for : 120 x shirt No.256

the order will be shipped within three days via pos indonesia and should arrive at your
store in about three days.

please contact us again if we can help in any way.

sincerely,

Juju Bndung

CEO of JujuShop

JujuShop

10 Ganesha Street

Bandung

Contoh Surat Tidak Resmi

Dearest mom,

mom, I could not wait to tell you about my new girl friend last month I met a girl in my
college. her name is Elizabeth . I call her Lizzy for short . She comes from Jakarta but
she lives in Semarang with her aunt. Lizzy is a slim girl of average height. her short
many jet -black hair makes her look young and fresh. she is a charming and gentle girl
and has a pleasent manner. I like her because she understand me very much and she is
always ready to hear my opinion.

mom, when are you going to Semarang again? when you do, I will introduce lizzy to
you, mom. I’m sure you’ll like her very much. So, Iam expecting to see you soon. bye,
mom!

Love,

George

Exercise
 The following text is for questions
1 and 2.
Dear Aunt Tia
Aunty, I have some good news for you. Last month I passed my final examination. A week
ago I succeeded to join in a senior high school English competition. Last night my parents
promised to send me to a famous English course in my town. They also promised me if my
scores in English are good, they'll send me to a foreign university. Great, isn't it? I'll work
hard. I want to be a great pediatrician like you, Aunty.
Well, that's all for now. Looking forward to having your news.

Love
Debby
1. What did Debby's parents promise her?
a. To make her a pediatrician
b. To send her to an English course
c. To send her to a senior high school
d. To make her pass the final examination
e. To give her a present

2. How does Debby feel?

a. Glad
b. Scared
c. Anxious
d. Thoughtful
e. Sad

This text is for question 3 to 5.

Dear Mr. Shoji,

We have reviewed your application for credit, and it is our pleasure to inform you that an
account has been opened for your company.

Please feel free to use your account as often as you wish. A descriptive brochure is attached
which outlines the terms and conditions upon which this account has been opened.

Should your credit requirements change, or should you have any questions regarding to your
new account, call this office and ask to speak to one of our account representatives.

When you call, please have your account number available, in order that we might have
quick access to your file.
 Best regards,
3. What is the letter about?
a. An application to open a current account
b. An application to open a saving account
c. Requirement to open a bank account
d. A customer new charge credit card
e. A company credit account approval

4. What is needed to have quick access to your file?

a. Account representative
b. Descriptive brochure
c. Credit requirement
d. Account password
e. Account number

5. “Please feel free to use your account as often as you wish.”

What does the sentence mean?
a. The account is free of charge
b. Mr. Shoji is free to account his money
c. Mr. Shoji wishes to use his account freely
d. Mr. Shoji can open his account quite often
e. Mr. Shoji can use his account anytime he needs

III. Analytical Exposition Text

Analytical Exposition adalah salah satu bentuk argumentation text. Para pakar bahasa
Inggris mendefinisikan analytical exposition text sebagai berikut: “Analytical
exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon
surrounding”. Jika diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia yang dimaksud dengan
analytical exposition text adalah sebuah teks atau tulisan yang memaparkan pendapat
penulis tentang fenomena yang sedang terjadi di sekitar kita.

Tujuan analytical exposition

Tujuan komunikatif dari analytical exposition adalah untuk meyakinkan pembaca

bahwa topik yang disajikan adalah topik yang penting untuk dibahas atau mendapat
perhatian dengan cara pemberian argumen-argumen atau pendapat-pendapat yang
mendukung ide pokok atau topik tersebut.

Generic structure

1. Thesis
Dalam bagian Thesis, penulis memperkenalkan tentang topik atau ide pokok yang
akan dibahas. Thesisselalu berada di paragraf pertama dalam Analytical Exposition
Text.
2. Argument
Dalam bagian ini penulis menghadirkan argumen-argumen atau pendapat-pendapat
yang mendukung ide pokok penulis, biasanya dalam sebuah Analytical Exposition
Text terdapat lebih dari dua argumen. Semakin banyak argumen yang ditampilkan
semakin percaya pembaca bahwa topik yang dibahas oleh penulis adalah topik yang
sangat penting atau membutuhkan perhatian
3. Reiteration
Bagian ini merupakan bagian penutup dari sebuah Analytical Exposition Text yang
selalu terletak di akhir paragraf. Reiteration berisi penulisan kembali atau
penempatan kembali ide pokok yang terdapat di paragraf pertama. Reiteration juga
biasa disebut dengan conclusion atau kesimpulan dan terkadang berisi
rekomendasi.

Example:
 Gold has become a precious metal to mankind since it was the dawn of civilization.
The nature of gold is soft and malleable which people can make and easily change to
any forms, even it is done just by a simple technology. The beautiful golden and shiny
color does not easily fade out. The form of gold can be as jewelry, bar, or coin. Now
days gold coin, such as gold IRA, becomes an advantageous investment.

Gold is safe and profitable for investment. In uncertain situations, many people are
turning to gold because gold has a more stable value and regarded as currency without
limitation assets. It is secure and can be cashed out at any time we need. The Gold
values tend to be stable; take a look an IRA gold discussion. It is zero inflation effect.
It is very rare that the gold prices fell. Even every year, the gold price tends to increase.

Investments in the form of coins, it is famous as gold coin, is more profitable if it

is compared with the investment gold in the form of jewelry. Gold Coin, for example
gold 401k which some people call 401k gold, is very good when used as an alternative
investment, whether it is for the medium-term investment and long-term investment.
Besides that gold coins need less cost in production and manufacturing sot it is more
lucrative than investing gold in the form of jewelry.

Moreover, some people do not just think gold as an investment, but also as
collections. Because the character is a collection so the uniqueness and rareness are
the point. There might be coins that cost up to more than a million because of the
history variables, ownership, and perhaps an important event when the coin is
launched.

From the reason above, if we decide to make an investment, it could be useful to

consider investing gold coin or think about gold IRA transfer. It is
really recommended.

Exercise
The following text is for questions
 1 to 3.
The government should Provide rehabilitation Program for Drug Users

Drug users are actually ill people who need help. Rehabilitation is one of the main things
they should get. Instead of punishing drug users in prisons, the government should provide
rehabilitation for them.

Most users are actually victims of persuasive peddlers and they suffer from consuming the
drugs. Therefore, by rehabilitating them, we are actually helping them out from traps, which
they might accidentally step on.

If we only arrest drug users and send them to jail, this doesn't solve the problem as drug users
will still be addicted unless proper rehabilitation is imposed to them. Providing rehabilitation
programs for drug users and forcing them to participate in the programs is better than only
arresting them and doing nothing to their illness. Only drug dealers, traffickers, and
wholesalers should be imprisoned.
1. Most drug users get drugs from ....
a. Jails
b. Peddlers
c. Traffickers
d. Wholesalers
e. Rehabilition center

2. Sending the drug users to prison is not a good solution because ....
a. They can't consume harmful drugs
b. They are treated normally
c. They may still be infected with harmful drugs
d. They can be freed as soon as possible
e. They are given the whole recovery program

3. "...drug users will still be addicted unless proper rehabilitation is imposed to them."
(Paragraph 3). The underlined word is closest in meaning to ....
a. Influenced
b. Treated
c. Forced
d. Burdened
e. Implemented

The text is for questions 4 and 5.

Integrated Pest Management
 There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used
may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most
effective way to control pests.
Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the
soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.
Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and
stronger ones have to be developed.
Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This
affects the ecology and environment as well.
So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be
chosen and applied carefully so that they don't affect the ecological balance and environment.
Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in
agriculture and livestock.
4. One of the disadvantages of using chemical pesticides is …
a. killing fish and bees
b. increasing crops productivity
c. creating balanced ecosystem
d. causing the pests to become inactive
e. helping reduce pollutants in the environment

5. Which of the following is not directly affected by pesticides used?

a. Plants
b. Ecology
c. Animals
d. Human being
e. environment

IV. Hortatory Exposition Text

Disebutkan dalam Concise Oxford Dictionary, Hortatory termasuk kata sifat
(adjective) bermakna "tending or aiming to exhort" ("cenderung atau bertujuan
mendorong / mendesak orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu"). Sedangkan Exposition
bermakna "a comprehensive description and explanation of a theory" ("Penjelasan dan
penjabaran sebuah teori secara komprehensif").

Jadi secara bahasa, jika disimpulkan, hortatory exposition adalah teks yang
menjelaskan sebuah teori/masalah secara komprehensif dengan tujuan mendorong
orang lain melakukan / tidak melakukan sesuatu.

Generic structure
1. Thesis / General Statement
Thesis / general statement berisi pernyataan pembuka mengenai topik pembahasan.
Sebagai contoh kita akan membahas mengenai bahaya rokok, thesis statement yang
bisa kita gunakan misalnya :
“Rokok dapat menyebabkan serangan jantung, kanker dan impotensi”.

2. Arguments
Arguments, ”Pendapat” berisi berbagai pembahasan lanjutan dari thesis
statement secara detail. Akan lebih baik jika argument ini tidak hanya berisi
pendapat pribadi penulis saja tapi juga bisa berisi pendapat para pakar. Mengacu
pada contoh thesis statement tentang rokok di atas, kita bisa membuat arguments
pendukung dengan lebih detail, misalnya :

Argument 1 (Serangan Jantung): Saya mengira serangan jantung yang dialami

direktur PT. LaptopButut, Pak “XXX”, disebabkan karena intensitas merokok lebih
banyak dari pada minum air putih.(Terus kembangkan paragraf ini lebih dalam)

Argument 2 (Kanker): Telah banyak dibuktikan bahwa rokok hampir menjadi

sebab utama penyakit kanker. (Terus kembangkan paragraf ini)

Argument 3 (Impotensi): Impotensi seorang bos “XXX” di kota “XXX”

disebutkan karena kebiasaanya merokok sebelum tidur. (terus kembangkan lagi
paragraf ini)

3. Recommendation.
 Recommendation / suggestion berisi saran penulis tentang topik pembahasan. Jika
membahas tentang bahaya rokok, sobat pasti tahu dong apa yang harus disarankan?

Example:
THESIS : A lot of people, especially young people, go through the day without
having breakfast. Many people believe that it is not necessary, or they say that they
don’t have time for that, and begin their day with no meal.
I believe that everyone should eat breakfast before going to their activities. The
purpose of this paper is to show the importance of breakfast, especially for students.

ARGUMENT 1 :The first reason why you should eat breakfast before going to
school is for your health. When you skip breakfast and go to school, you are looking
for a disease because it’s not healthy to have an empty stomach all day long. It’s
very important to have a meal and not let your stomach work empty. All you are
going to get is gastritis and a lot of problems with your health if you don’t eat
breakfast.

ARGUMENT 2 :Another reason for eating breakfast is because you need food for
to do well in your classes. You body and your brain are not going to function as
good as they could because you have no energy and no strength. When you try to
learn something and have
nothing in your stomach, you are going to have a lot of trouble succeedin
g. A lot of people think that they should not eat because they are going to feel
tired, but that’s not true. Breakfast is not a very big meal, and on the contrary, you’re
going to feel tired if
you don’t have breakfast because you have spent the entire previous night
without food.

ARGUMENT 3: The last reason to have breakfast every day is because you can
avoid diseases if you eat some breakfast in the morning. If you don’t eat, you are
going to get sick, and these diseases will have a stronger effect on you because
you’re going to get sick easier than people who have breakfast every day.

RECOMMENDATION : You have to realize that breakfast is the most important

meal of the day, and you
cannot skip it without consequences for your health, your school and your
defense mechanism. It is better to wake up earlier and have a good breakfast that
run to school without eating anything. It is time for you to do something for your
health, and eating breakfast is the better way to start your day.

Exercise
The following text is for questions
 1 to 5.
Should Americans be forced to Public Transportation?

First, let me define what the question is and isn’t asking. It isn’t asking if we should we all
abandon cars right now, nor is it asking if we should abandon them completely, nor is it
asking if every American should do so. It is asking weather some Americans should have to
take public transit some of the time, and I would say yes.

Oil use and pollution aside, in some cities like Los Angeles and New York there just isn’t
room for any more roads, so in order for large cities to grow, they need more people to take
public transit or risk permanent traffic jam. One bus can safely hold 40 people so even at half
capacity that’s nearly 20 cars’ worth of space in traffic cleared up, and nearly 20 parking
spaces that don’t need to built.

There are a lot of people that can take with transit little inconvenience but simply don’t
because they never have in the past. If residents in areas with plenty of transit had to buy
transit passes as part of their property taxes then they would have little excuse not to bus
occasionally. QA number of universities already bundle a ‘U-Pass’ with their tuition feeds,
forcing their students to take the bus. When given the change the majority of those students
have voted to keep these programs.

A similar system in apartments where a portion of the tenants are not issued parking spaces
in exchange for a discount on their rent would also be community car to several apartment
tenants that arrange a schedule for the car, and this program gets many positive reviews.

So yes, I would say that Americans should be forced to use public transit, as Americans
whom are already forced to do so find that it works well for them.
1. What the function of the last paragraph?
a. Describing the problem
b. Stating the reasons behind the thesis
c. Giving arguments
d. Stating a proposal
e. Giving recomandation

2. In the article you find the word transit a few times. What does the underlined word means?
a. Stop
 b. Transportation
c. Enterance
d. Exit
e. Bus stop

3. What is the purpose of the article?

a. Defining the functions of public transportation
b. Arguing that Americans should not use public transportation
c. Suggesting American the ways to use public transportation
d. Asking for more public transportation
e. Suggesting that Americans should be forced to use public transportation

4. The following is one of the writer’s suggestions in forcing people to use Public
Transportation ….
a. Make people buy transit passes as part of their property taxes
b. Banning the use of cars
c. Stop automobile productions
d. Fine people who do not use public transportation
e. Limit the number of gasoline

5. What does writer suggest?

a. Americans should learn to use public transportation
b. Americans should give up their car
c. Americans should be forced to use public transportation
d. The government should limit the number cars
e. The government should charge extra taxes for those who uses cars

V. Explanation Text
 Explanation adalah sebuah teks yang berisi tentang proses-proses yang berhubungan
dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya dan lainnya.

Generic structure
1. General statement
tentang penjelasan umum tentang fenomena yang akan dibahas, bisa berupa
pengenalan fenomena tersebut atau penjelasannya.
2. Sequenced of explanation
berisi tentang penjelasan proses mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa terjadi atau
tercipta. A squenced of explanation berupa jawaban dari pertanyaan ‘why’ dan
‘how’ penulis ketika membuat sebuah Explanation text. Dalam squenced of
explanation bisa terdiri lebih dari satu paragrap.
3. Closing
Sebenarnya closing itu tidak tercantum dalam generic structure dari Explanation
text, tetapi kebanyakan orang beranggapan bahwa paragrap terakhir dari sebuah
Explanation text adalah closing, padahal itu merupakan bagian dari squenced of
explantaion yang berisi tentang langkah akhir yang dijelaskan pada bagian
squenced of explanation.
Example:
Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often
happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra.
It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake
happens?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a
fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground
shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they
stick a little. They don’t just slide smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each
other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that’s
built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving,
and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the
rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus is
called the epicenter of the earthquake.
Exercise
 The following text is for questions
1 to 5.
Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other air
pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid rain may have a
pH value as low as 2.8.

Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for example, have
lost all fish and plant life because of acid rain.

Acid rain comes from sulfur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulfur dioxide (SO2
). Most sulfur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and most
nitrogen are also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2 ), both of which are
gasses. The gasses may be dry deposited–absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by the
surface vegetation. If they are in the atmosphere for anytime, the gasses will oxidize (gain an
oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and the nitrogen oxides
will become nitric acid (HNO3 ). The acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel
great distances before being precipitated as acid rain.

Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and ammonium help promote the formation of
acids in clouds. More ammonium (NH4 ) can be formed when some of the acids are partially
neutralized by airborne ammonia (NH3 ). Acidification increases with the number of active
hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by, for example, car exhausts
will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone. Although it is invaluable in the
atmosphere, low-level ozone causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of
acid rain. When acid rain falls on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and
aluminum (Al). When it is washed into lakes, aluminum irritates the outer surfaces of many
fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake falls. Forests suffer the effect
of acid rain through damage to leaves, through the loss of vital nutrients, and through the
increased amounts of toxic metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil
microorganisms.
1. Which of the following is not true about acid rain?
a. It contains lower pH than the normal rain
b. It has higher pH than the normal rain
c. It can damage animal and plant life
d. It contains dangerous gasses
e. It endangers water life

2. The sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides will …. in the air.

a. Be absorbed directly by the vegetation
b. Dissolved in the lake water and land
 c. Emit another sulfur gas
d. Radiate an oxygen atom
e. Gain an oxygen atom

3. What is the result of the burning of the coal and oil?

a. Ammonium
b. Nitric acid
c. Sulphuric acid
d. Sulfu dioxide
e. Airbone ammonia

4. The acid of normal rain is .… then the acid rain

a. Higher
b. Lower
c. Denser
d. Severer
e. The same

5. What is the purpose of the text?

a. To report the acid rain in general
b. To explain the process of acid rain
c. To persuade the reader to prevent acid rain
d. To discuss the danger of acid rain in the air
e. To present two different opinions on acid rain process
VI. If Coditional

Adalah complex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari subordinate clause
yang diawali dengan subordinate conjunction if berupa condition (syarat) dan main
clause berupa result/consequence (hasil). Ada 4 tipe conditional sentence yang biasa
digunakan, yaitu: tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, dan tipe 0. Condition pada conditional sentence
tipe 1 mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 2 tidak atau hampir tidak mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 3
tidak mungkin dipenuhi (unreal), sedangkan tipe 0 selalu terwujud karena merupakan
scientific fact/kebenaran ilmiah.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Berbagai Tipe

Type Rumus Conditional Sentence

0 if + simple present, simple present

1 if + simple present, will + bare infinitive

2 if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

3 if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

Contoh Conditional Sentence

Type Contoh Conditional Sentence

If we burn paper, it becomes ash.

0
(Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)

If I meet him, I will introduce myself.

1
(Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)

If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

2
(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)

If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
3
(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)
Exercise
1. If the player scores another goal, the result ____ a draw.
a. Is to be
b. Will have been
c. Will be
d. Would be
e. Would have been

2. If you ___ I shall be very angry.

a. Were not going
b. Do not go
c. Had not been going
d. Have not been going
e. Did not go

3. If we go to the top, we will have a nice view of Jakarta.

This sentence means _____.
a. we have already seen Jakarta from the top
b. we are now looking and having a nice of Jakarta
c. we saw Jakarta last month
d. there is a possibility of seeing Jakarta from the top
e. there isn't any possibility of seeing Jakarta from top

4. "What would you do if you were a millionaire?

"_____ a trip around the world."
a. I will take
b. I would have taken
c. I would take
d. Me took
e. I took

5. "It would have been failure if _____."

a. The way-out was being found in time
b. The way-out hasn't been found in time
c. the way-out would be found in time
d. the way -out hadn't been found in time
e. the way-out was found in time
KELAS 12

EXPRESSING OFFERING SERVICE OR HELP

The expression of "Would you like ...?" is normally used for offering something to someone.
Pay attention to the following dialogue;

Tuti : Would you like a cup of tea, Mrs. Shelly?

Mrs. Shelly : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmm...this tea tastes good and smells fragrant too.
Tuti : Thank you. I'm glad you like it.

A. Offering to older people:

- Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Green?
- Should I get you a bottle of water?
- Could I offer you a glass of lemonade, Mrs. Lina?
- Would you care for some salad?

B. Offering to friends:
- Want some?
- Have some?
- Chocolate?
- Glass of lemonade?
- Grab some for yourself.

C. Less formal expressions:

- Would you like to have a pancake?
- Why don't you have some lemonade?
- What can I get for you?
- What will you have?

D. Declining an offer:
- No, thanks.
- No, I really won't, thank you.
- Not for me thanks.
- No, thanks. I'm not hungry.

E. Accepting an offer:
- Thank you.
- Yes, please.
- I'd like it very much.
- Thank you, I would.
- That would be very nice.
Exercise b. No Thanks
c. Don't bother
1. Romy: May I help you ? d. Never mind
Deny: Hmmm. Don’t bother yourself, e. Not for me
thanks.
The underlined sentence express .... Complete the dialogue below (for
a. Asking help questions number 4 and 5).
b. Giving help Mr Iqbal: Jon, come here please!
c. Offering help Andy: Yes, sir. I'm coming.
d. Refusing an offer Mr Iqbal: (4) __________ the goods to
e. Accepting an offer the shop, please?
Andy: With pleasure, sir.
2. Elsa: Will you help me to build a Mr Iqbal: Don't forget to put into the
snowman? correct case!
Olaf: Yes, of course. _____ . Andy: (5) ______, sir.
Complete the dialogue above .... Mr Iqbal: Thanks.
a. I won’t 4. The suitable expression is ....
b. I will a. Can you bring
c. I will not b. Can I bring
d. Will I? c. May I bring
e. Shall I? d. Don't bring
e. I would like to bring
3. Dany: Good morning Jane, do you want
an ice cream? 5. The suitable expression is ....
Jane: Oh, great! ______, I'd love one. a. Sorry, I can't
Dany: Chocolate or Strawberry? b. I wish I could help you
Jane: Chocolate, please. c. I'm bussy
The suitable expression to complete the d. I need some help
dialogue is … e. Don't worry
a. Yes please
 JOB VACANCY AND APPLICATION LETTER

Make a Job Vacancy

1. Start with a job title that clearly describes the job position to attract reader’s attention.
Include the required experience level within the title so job seekers can easily determine
whether they may qualify.
2. Describe the company briefly. Include approximate number of employees, type of
product or service you supply, number of years in business and office locations. Use
exciting descriptions to briefly describe why a job applicant would want to work. For
example, use phrases such as “young, dynamic company, “cutting edge of technology” or
“warm work atmosphere.”
3. Write a detailed job description. Describe specific job responsibilities and how the job
fits in with the framework of the company. For example, write “create graphical website
templates for our new magazine website.” Explain whether the job entails management
tasks, financial budgeting or direct contact with external clients.
4. Include the job location so that job seekers who live too far to commute will not apply.
Describe the job as “work at home” if the job does not take place in an office setting.
5. Include required job hours. Specify job hours, if specific job hours are required. If not,
write “full time”, “part time” or “flexible job hours” to give applicants a general idea of
expectations.
6. Include general salary range. If you plan on paying average salary but do not want to
include actual salary, write “competitive salary and benefits.” If you will pay a low
salary, list the salary in the ad so that overqualified applicants do not apply.
7. Write qualification requirements including education and specific skills. Write years plus
type of experience required, such as, “minimum five years experience as a senior
manager for a high-tech company.”
8. End the job advertisement explaining how to apply for the job. In most cases, ask
applicants to send a resume or CV. Give contact details of where to send the resume, such
as email address or fax number. List other application requirements, if any. For example,
ask for writing samples for a writing job or sample photographs for a photography job.
 APPLICATION LETTER
Application letter is a letter business letter or a letter that have function to apply a job in a
company or an institution.
How to Make Application Letter?
Heading:
Sender Address
Date
Company address
Salutation
Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name
Body of Application Letter
The body of your application letter lets the employer know what position you are applying for,
why the employer should select you for an interview, and how you will follow-up.
Education
The first paragraph of your letter should include information about your education and your age.
Experience
The next section of your application letter should describe your experience and how long your
experience, also the place.
Qualifications
Mention your qualification and mention specifically how your qualifications match the job you
are applying for. Remember, you are interpreting your resume, not repeating it.
Wrap up
Conclude your application letter by thanking the employer for considering you for the position.
Include information on how you will follow-up.
Closing: Sincerely, faithfully and your signature
Exercise
The following text is for questions
1 to 3.
APPLICATION LETTER
Mr. William Chan
Personenel Manager
Wong and Lim Consulting
PO Box 583, Kwai Chung
Kowloon

Dear Mr. Chan,

I am writing to apply for the post of Management Trainee, which was advertised on the
Student Affairs Office notice board of the Hongkong Polytechnic University on 1 March
2005.
My working experience at Lucky Star Garment Manufactory Limited improved my
leadership skills, communication skills and ability to work in a team environment. I have
fluent spoken and written English. I also have fluent spoken and written Mandarin, and can
therefore work in mainland China.
Currently I am studying a B.A. in Management at the Hongkong Polytechnic University,
graduating in 2005. Subjects which I am studying that are relevant to the post of
Management Trainee include Operations Management, Human Resources Management,
Accounting, Marketing and strategic Management.
During my studies I have had the post of Executive in management Society. While leading
and organizing Management Society. While leading and organizing Management Society
activities I have improved my ability to lead and supervise subordinates effectively, ability to
work under pressure and ability to work in a team environment.
Working for Wong and Lim Consulting appeals to me because it has a good reputation and it
provides excellent training. Your organization produces a high-quality service, and I can
contribute to this with my leadership skills and my ability to work under pressure.
I am available for interview at any time. I look forward to meeting you.

Yours sincerely,
Wong Wai Man Wilfred
Excl : Resume
1. What is the job title?
a. Consultant
b. Operation management
c. Human resources management
d. Accounting
e. Management trainee
2. How does Mr. Wilfred know this ad?
a. From Wong and Lim Consulting
b. From Student Affairs Office notice board
c. From Lucky Star Garment Manufactory
d. From Hong Kong Polytechnic University
e. From Management Society

3. What position does he hold when he takes his degree?

a. Operations management
b. Human resources Management
c. Accounting
d. Marketing and Strategic Management
e. Management Society

The following text is for questions 4 and 5.

Hotel Work :
One Month Training Course
Suitable young men and women are invited to apply for places on the one month
training course on hotel work organized by the Hong Kong Institute of Hotel
Management. Tuition is free of charge and students who successfully complete the
course will be offered employment in the Colony's leading hotels

The training Course will take place from Monday 21st July to Friday 22nd August, from
9a.m. to 4.30 p.m. daily, except Saturdays and Sundays.

Applications for places on the course are welcome for students now in their third year at
secondary school, who have good knowledge of English, and have interest in hotel
work.
Application forms may be obtained from:
The Hong Kong Institute of Management, Box 948,
The South China Times.

The closing date for applications is April 29th.

4. Those who successfully complete the course will be given ...

a. free tuition
b. a further training course
c. jobs in big hotels in the colony
d. a chance to stay in the colony's leading hotels for one month
e. membership of the Hong Kong Institute of Hotel management
5. What requirement is needed by an applicant to apply for the hotel work training?
a. Able to speak Mandarin
b. Secondary school graduate
c. Good knowledge of English
d. Reputable university graduate
e. 2-year experience in hotel work
 CAPTION

Penulisan Caption dalam bahasa inggris

Caption adalah sebuah text yang muncul atau berada dibawah gambar. Dijaman digital sekarang
ini untuk menemui caption tidaklah sulit, meme adalah salah satu bentuk caption, karena
menampilkan gambar dengan tulisan. Caption terdiri dari beberapa deskripsi kata kata atau
beberapa kalimat . kadang dalam beberapa gambar caption seandainya kata katanya bukan buatan
sendiri maka harus dicantumkan nama penulis aslinya.

Dan kalian harus mengingat bahwa caption yang baik adalah caption yang bernilai positif, berarti
harus memberikan pelajaran moral atau motivasi kepada pembacanya, bahkan ada yang
mengatakan kalau Caption ini mirip dengan poster, kalau poster adalah media cetak caption
biasanya beradar lewat media elektroni atau internet.

Caption termasuk kedalam jenis text atau genre, sehingga penulisan caption juga harus ada
kriterianya. Caption yang bagus secara jelas mengidentifikasikan subject gambar secara jelas
walaupun tidak terlalu detail,karena keterbatasan tempat untuk menulis. Tidak hanya tulisan yang
bagus. Ternyata pemilihan kualitas gambar juga menjadi salah satu syarat agar caption yang kita
buat menarik. Caption dapat berupa kata, kalimat ataupun phrase.

Berikut adalah contoh Caption dalam bahasa inggris dan terjemahannya

Tema caption education

By Learning you will teach, by teaching you will learn – Latin Proverb
Dengan belajar kamu akan mengajar, dengan mengajar kamu akan belajar - paribahasa latin
Education is a social process. Education is growth. Education is not a preparation for life;
education is life itself. – John Dewey

Pendidikan adalah sebuah proses social. Pendidikan adalah pertumbuhan. Pendidikan bukan
sebuah persiapan untuk hidup; pendidikan adalah hidup itu sendiri. – John Dewey

Intelligence plus character – that is the true goal of education – Martin Luther King

Kepandaian dan Karakter – itulah tujuan pendidikan yang sebenarnya – Martin Luther King
Exercise
1. The following is not needed in making a good caption…
a. Plenty of words
b. Conciseness
c. Exclamation
d. Choice of words
e. Effectiveness

2. “I can’t change the direction of the wind. But I can adjust my to always reach my
destination” – Jimmy Dean
The best word to complete the blank is..
a. Schedule
b. Eyesight
c. Sail
d. Wheel
e. Wings

3.

The best caption for this picture is…

a. There is no “we” in “food”

b. Make your live a masterpiece, you only get one canvas
c. Frustration is the result of failed expectations.
d. Love is not sugar and honey but it sweetness more than those
e. Life is better when you are laughing
 4.

What is the article probably about?

a. The impact of rising tax
b. Healthy vegetables for our body
c. Sustention of carrot
d. The impact of rising vegetables price
e. Carrot is good for our eyesights

5.

The captions is grammatically incorrect, the best phrase is…

a. A volvo got hit by truck.
b. A blue volvo got several damaged after hit a truck.
c. A blue volvo after hit by truck
d. A blue volvo is ready for sale
e. A blue volvo got severe damaged after hit by truck
 NEWS ITEM
Pengertian News Item Text
Dalam bahasa inggris, “news” berati berita. Tentunya hal ini tidak asing bagi kita. Beberapa ahli
bahasa inggris mendefinisikan news item text sebagai berikut:

“News items is a text that informs the readers about newsworthy or important events of the
day.”

News item text adalah suatu teks yang menginformasikan pembaca tentang peristiwa/kejadian
sehari-hari yang layak diberitakan atau penting. Newsworthy yang berati layak untuk diberitakan,
jadi tidak semua kejadian/peristiwa bisa diberitakan. Hanya kejadian atau peristiwa penting saja
yang layak diberitakan. Jika peristiwa/kejadian itu tidak penting maka tidak layak untuk
diberitakan dan diketahui banyak orang.

Tujuan News Item Text

Tujuan News Item Text adalah

“The purpose of news item text is to inform the readers about newsworthy or important events
of the day.”

Tujuan news items text adalah untuk menginformasikan pembaca tentang peristiwa/kejadian
sehari-hari yang layak untuk diberitakan atau penting. Dan kejadian yang diberitakan biasanya
adalah kejadian atau peristiwa terbaru.

Generic Structure
Sama halnya dengan jenis teks bahasa inggris lainnya seperti narrative text, recount text, atau
procedure text, news item text juga memiliki susunan atau struktur umun atau disebut generic
structure. Generic Structure dari news item text adalah sebagai berikut:

 Main Event/Newsworthy Event: adalah berita utama, bagian yang menceritakan

ringkasan dari suatu kejadian atau peristiwa penting yang terjadi.
 Background Event/Elaboration: menceritakan secara rinci latar belakang kejadian atau
peristiwa yang terjadi, siapa yang terlibat, dimana dan bagaimana peristiwa terjadi.
 Source: bagian terakhir dari struktur news item text, merupakan sumber berita bisa berupa
pernyataan narasumber, komentar saksi, pendapat para ahli, atau pernyataan dari pihak
terkait dari suatu peristiwa.
Contoh News Item Text
Berikut ini contoh news item dari berita terbaru tentang gempa susulan di Nepal

Earthquake aftershock hits Nepal and India, magnitude 6.7

A strong earthquake aftershock struck India and Nepal on Sunday, shaking buildings in New Delhi
and triggering an avalanche in the Himalayas.
The United States Geological Survey said the tremor was 6.7 magnitude, less than the 7.9 quake
that struck the region on Saturday killing at least 1,900 people.
“Another one, we have an aftershock right now,” Indian mountaineer Arjun Vajpai told Reuters
by telephone from base camp on Mount Makalu, 20 km (12 miles) from Everest.
Screams and the sound of an avalanche could be heard over the phone line Vajpai was speaking
on. At Everest base camp, Romanian climber Alex Gavan tweeted that the aftershock had set off
three avalanches.

Singapore to Develop Marine Tourism in Riau Islands of Indonesia

Singapore has expressed its interest in developing marine tourism in Natuna, Anambas and
Lingga, three beautiful yet hidden regencies in the Riau Islands province of Indonesia.

According to Riau Islands deputy Governor, Soeryo Respationo, the three areas have their
own beauty but lack of adequate infrastructure to boost tourism.

Singapore's investment in the tourism sector would perfectly match with the islands' need, he
said recently. Soeryo said that Singapore Ambassador Anil Kumar Nayar visited the Riau
islands asministration on Tuesday to show the country's commitment in developing the marine
tourism sector.
Exercise
Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 3.
Singapore to Develop Marine Tourism in Riau Islands of Indonesia

Singapore has expressed its interest in developing marine tourism in Natuna, Anambas and
Lingga, three beautiful yet hidden regencies in the Riau Islands province of Indonesia.

According to Riau Islands deputy Governor, Soeryo Respationo, the three areas have their
own beauty but lack of adequate infrastructure to boost tourism.

Singapore's investment in the tourism sector would perfectly match with the islands' need, he
said recently. Soeryo said that Singapore Ambassador Anil Kumar Nayar visited the Riau
islands asministration on Tuesday to show the country's commitment in developing the marine
tourism sector.
1. Singapore is interested in making investment in ....
a. Tourism in the three islands in Riau
b. Tourism in the sea around the three islands in Riau
c. Building marine infrastructure in the three islands in Riau
d. Building tourism infrastructure in the three islands in Riau
e. Developing tourism industry in the three islands in Riau

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

a. Singapore ambassador visited the three islands in Riau
b. Singapore shows its commitment in developing the marine tourism sector in the three
islands in Riau
c. Singapore needs to invest in the three islands in Riau
d. Anil Kumar Nayar is the Singapore ambassador in Indonesia
e. Tourism is the best sector to invest your money in Riau

3. What is the generic structure of the text above?

a. Orientation-Backgroud Event-Source
b. Newsworthy Event-Backgroud Event-Source
c. Background Event-Elaboration-Source
d. Main Event-Newsworthy Event-Source
e. Main Event-Source-Backgroud Event

Read the following text to answer questions number 4 and 5.

A survey has found about 13 percent of first-time smokers in the country are junior high school
students. It also revealed 89 percent of young female employees were smokers.

The survey was conducted in five major cities across the country, including Surakarta in
 Central Java.

Muhammad Syahril Mansyur, the Surakarta Health Agency’s respiratory illness division, said
that the finding of the survey showed an alarming growth rate of Indonesian smokers. "This
situation is a cause for concern,” he said. “It appears the country’s younger generation is
uneducated about the health risks of smoking.”

The Indonesian anti-tobacco campaign has reportedly been deemed as ineffective as the
government refuses to sign the international convention on tobacco control. It said that
cigarette producers contributed to a large amount to state revenue and gave jobs to thousands
of workers.
4. Why does the growth of Indonesian smokers have to be concerned?
a. It decreases the selling of cigarette
b. It cannot make people work at cigarette factory
c. There are increasing younger smokers in Indonesia
d. It cannot make the large amount of cigarettes be distributed
e. It is likely that younger generation is uneducated to the risks of smoking

5. One of the advantages of cigarette industry is ....

a. To cause people addictive
b. To contribute a little amount to state revenue
c. To make sellers rich
d. To give a great job chance
e. To give jobs for certain people
 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
1. Pengertian
Active Voice
Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya berbuat sesuatau atau melakukan
suatu pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah kata kerjanya selalu
berawalan “me-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ber-“. Pada kalimat aktif (active voice) ini,
kita cukup menggunakan bentuk dasar dari kata kerja (verbs) dalam penyusunan kalimatnya.

Passive Voice
Passive Voice adalah konstruksi tatabahasa (secara khusus, specifically, a
“voice”). Kata atau frasakata
benda yang akan menjadi obyek dari kalimat aktif, muncul sebagai subjek kalimat dengansuara
pasif. Dalam bahasa Indonesia kalimat pasif biasanya diikuti prefix berupa di– atau ter–.
Contohnya kalau kalimat aktifnya menginjak maka kalimat pasifnya menjadi dipukul
atau terpikul.

2. Rumus
Active Voice

 Rumus Active Voice:

S + V (kata kerja yang disesuaikan dengan tenses-nya) + O

Contoh:

Active voice: I eat a pear.

Passive Voice

 Rumus passive voice:

S + be + past participle + (by agent)

*by agent: pelaku dari tindakan

Contoh:
Passive voice: A pear is eat by me.

3. Ciri Kalimat
Active Voice

 Pada kalimat aktif subjek melakukan suatu tindakan yang langsung mengenai objeknya.
  Kalimat Aktif memiliki pola S-P-O-K atau S-P-K Predikat kalimat aktif selalu diawali
dengan imbuhan Me- atau Ber–.
 kalimat aktif memerlukan objek, Setelah mendapat predikat subjek ditambah pelengkap
atau keterangan.

Pasive Voice

 to be + V3 dan kata by (kata ini bukan merupakan syarat yang harus ada dalam kalimat
pasif )
 Yang dapat dijadikan kalimat passive adalah Verbal Sentence (kalimat yang predikatnya
kata kerja/V)
 Verbal sentence yang dapat dirubah ke Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah kalimat yang
memiliki objek penderita.

Perubahan aktif ke pasif atau sebaliknya tidak merubah makna kalimat. Perubahan iti terjadi hanya
pada struktur kalimatnya saja.

4. Pola active dan passive voice pada tensis

Ada pola yan terbentuk pada penggunaan Active voice dan Pasive voice, yaitu sebagai berikut:

1. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is,
am atau
2. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah (has/have) been + being.
3. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah had been + being.
4. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will
be + being.
5. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah would be + being.
6. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah will have been + being.
7. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah would have been + being
8. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah was atau were
9. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has
been’ atau ‘have been’
10. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
11. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
12. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
 13. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have
been’
14. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is,
am atau are) +
15. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah (was atau were) + being.

5. Contoh Kalimat
Dibawah ini adalah contoh dari kalimat Active voice dan Pasive voice, yaitu:

Active voice
Active : Tony meets them everyday ( Tony memenuhi mereka sehari-hari).
Active : Andine waters this plant every two days (Andine menyiram tanaman ini setiap dua
hari).
Active : He met them yesterday (Ia bertemu mereka kemarin)
Active : She watered this plant this morning (Dia menyiram tanaman ini pagi ini)
Active : He has met them (Dia telah bertemu dengan mereka)
Active : She has watered this plant for 10 minutes.( Dia telah disiram tanaman ini selama 10
menit).
Active : He had met them before I came. ( Dia telah bertemu dengan mereka sebelum aku
datang)
Active : She had watered this plant for 10 minutes when I got here (Dia telah menyiram
tanaman ini selama 10 menit ketika aku di sini)
Active : He will meet them tomorrow (Ia akan bertemu mereka besok)
Active : She will water this plant this afternoon (Dia akan air tanaman ini siang ini)
Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week (Para petani akan panen
tanaman minggu depan)
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow ( Ia akan telah bertemu dengan
mereka sebelum aku sampai di sana besok)
Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon (Dia akan
telah menyiram tanaman ini sebelum saya mendapatkan di sini siang ini)
Active : He would have met them ( Ia akan telah bertemu dengan mereka)
Active : She would have watered this plant (Dia akan memiliki menyiram tanaman ini)
Pasive voice
Passive : They are met by him everyday ( Mereka bertemu dengannya setiap hari).
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days ( Tanaman ini disiram oleh dia setiap dua
hari)
Passive : They were met by him yesterday ( Mereka bertemu dengan dia kemarin)
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning (Tanaman ini itu disiram oleh pagi ini)
Passive : They have been met by him (Mereka telah bertemu dengannya)
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 10 minutes (Tanaman ini telah telah disiram
oleh dia selama 10 menit).
Passive : They had been met by him before I came (Mereka telah terpenuhi oleh dia sebelum
aku datang)
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 10 minutes when I got here (Tanaman ini telah
telah disiram oleh dia selama 10 menit ketika aku di sini)
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow (Mereka akan bertemu dengannya besok).
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon (Tanaman ini akan disiram oleh nya
sore ini)
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week (Tanaman akan dipanen
oleh petani minggu depan)
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow (Mereka akan telah
dipenuhi oleh dia sebelum aku sampai di sana besok)
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon ( Tanaman ini
akan telah disiram oleh dia sebelum mendapatkan di sini sore ini)
Passive : They would have been met by him (Mereka akan telahbertemu dengannya)
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her (Tanaman ini akan telah disiram olehnya)
Exercise
1. Find the passive form of “two thieves rob his house last night” .
a. His house are rob by two thieves last night.
b. His house was rob by two thieves last night.
c. His house has been rob by two thieves last night.
d. His house will be rob by two thieves last night.
e. His house had been rob by two thieves last night.

2. “What do students need the book for?” the passive contruction of the sentence is
a. What is needed for the book?
b. What is the book needed for?
c. What students are needed for the book?
d. What is for the students needed the book?
e. What does the book need for?

3. Although the house . . . the new look is just similar with the old one.
a. Is being painted
b. Has painted
c. Has been painted
d. Had painted
e. Was painted

4. The package needs … on time.

a. Delivering
b. Is delivered
c. To be delivered
d. To deliver
e. Is to deliver

5. “last night an earthquake stroke our city.”

“Oh, dear ! …..?
a. Did any buildings damage
b. Were any buildings damaged
c. Any buildings to be damaged
d. Any buildings to damage
e. Were any buildings being damaged
 DIRECT AND INDIRECT
Direct & Indirect speech yang lebih di kenal dengan kalimat langsung dan kalimat tak langsung
yang di gunakan ketika seseorang ingin menceritakan apa yang telah di katakana oleh seseorang
kepada orang lain. Baiklah, pada kesempatan ini saya akan membahas mengenai Direct & Indirect
speech secara mudah dalam artikel berikut ini :

Direct and Indirect Speech, yang juga kita kenal dengan istilah lain yaitu Reported
Speech. Direct Speect adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara dan ditulis
dengan tanda kutip. Sedangkan Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara tidak
langsung oleh pembicara tanpa diberi koma.

Misalnya, teman kamu yani memberitahumu ketika di sekolah “aku akan memberimu pena”.
Ketika kamu pulang dan sampai di rumah, kamu ingin memberitahu ibumu tentang apa yang
disampaikan temanku tadi, kamu bisa menggunakan dua cara berikut ini :

 Direct speech: Yani said, “I will give you a pen”.

 Indirect Speech: Yani said that she would give me a pen.

Cara mengubah kalimat direct ke indirect

Cara mengubah kalimat direct menjadi indirect di bedakan menjadi 3 yaitu : kalimat
perintah/larangan, pernyataan, dan pertanyaan. Untuk lebih jelasnya, mari kita simak uraian
berikut ini :

1. Kalimat perintah dan larangan.

Untuk merubah kalimat direct ke indirect pada kalimat perintah/ larangan perlu di tambahkan
kata to sebelum kalimat yang di laporkan, contohnya :

Kalimat perintah :

 Direct speech (kalimat langsung) : Dinda asked me, “open the door.”
 Indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung ) : Dinda asked me to open the door.

Kalimat larangan :

 Direct speech : Dinda asked me,”don’t open the door.”

 Indirect speech : Dinda asked me not to open the door.

Note : don’t dalam kalimat langsung berubah menjadi not to.

2. Kalimat Pernyataan
Untuk mengubah kaliamt direct menjadi indirect pada kalimat pernyataan di gunakan kata
penghubung that sebelum kalimat yang di kutip. Contohnya :

 Direct : Khansa told her friend, “ I will go to Lampung.”

 Indirect : Khansa told her friend that she would go to Lampung.
3. Kalimat Pertanyaan
Untuk mengubah kalimat direct ke indirect pada kata Tanya, question words seperti what, who,
when, why, and soon dijadikan kata penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dengan kalimat yang di
kutip, contohnya :

 Direct : Mr.Ali asked me,”where do you live?”

 Indirect : Mr.Ali asked me where I lived.

Pedoman Perubahan Tenses dalam direct ke indirect speech

Kita perlu mempelajari tentang perubahan tenses yang terjadi antara Direct & Indirect speech.
Ketika pada kalimat langsung dia menggunakan tenses bentuk present, maka kalimat tak langsung
akan berubah tenses nya menjadi bentuk past (lampau), simak perubahan bentuk tenses lainnya di
bawah ini :

Tabel perubahan bentuk tenses pada kalimat Direct Indirect speech

Contohnya :

1. Simple Present diubah menjadi Simple Past

o Direct : she said, “I buy a pen.”
o Indirect : she said that she bought a pen.

2. Present Continuous Tense diubah menjadi Past Continuous Tense

o Direct : she said, “ I am buying a pen.”
o Indirect : she said that she was buying a pen.

3. Present Perfect Tense diubah menjadi Past Perfect Tense

o Direct : she said, ‘ I have bought a pen.”
o Indirect : she said that she had bought a pen.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense diubah menjadi Past Perfect Continuous Tense
o Direct : she said, “ I have been buying a pen since 6 o’clock.”
o Indirect : she said that she had been buying a pen since 6 o’clock.

5. Simple Past Tense diubah menjadi Past Perfect Tense

o Direct : she said, “ I bought a pen.”
o Indirect : she said that she had bought a pen.

6. Simple Future Tense diubah menjadi Past Future Tense

o Direct : she said, “ I will buy a pen.”
o Indirect : she said that she would buy a pen.

7. Future Continuous Tense diubah menjadi Past Future Continuous Tense

o Direct : she said, “ I will be buying a pen.”
o Indirect : she said that she would be buying a pen.
Exercise
1. Don’t move any furniture in this room.
She told me …
a. That I must move any furniture in this room.
b. That I didn’t have to move any furniture in that room.
c. Not to move any furniture in that room.
d. That I mus’t have moved any furniture in that room.
e. To move any furniture in this room.

2. Hambali said to me: “Why does she get angry so easily?”

a. Hambali said to me why does she get angry so easily.
b. Hambali asked me why did she get angry so easily.
c. Hambali asked why does she get angry so easily.
d. Hambali asked me why she got angry so easily.
e. Hambali asked me if she got angry so easily.

3. Mother saind,”I have to wake up early in the morning.”

a. Mother says that she has to wake up early in the morning.
b. Mother said that she had to wake up early in the morning.
c. Mother asked me to wake up early in the morning
d. Mother told me that I had to wake up early in the morning
e. Mother said that I wake up early in the morning.

4. “Did you have a dental checkup last year?” Mother asked me.
Mother asked me…
a. Did I have a dental checkup last year.
b. I did have a dental checkup last year.
c. if I had had a dental checkup the year before.
d. If I did have a dental checkup the year before.
e. To have a dental checkup the year before.

5. I asked Jannete …
a. Where did she come from?
b. From where was she coming?
c. She came?
d. Where she came from?
e. From where is she?
 SUBJUNCTIVE “WISH”
A. Pengertian.
Sebelum membicarakan rumus subjunctive wish dan yang lain, mari kita definisikan terlebih
dahulu apa itu subjunctive. Pengertian Subjunctive termudah adalah antara kenyataan atau fakta
dan harapan berlawanan atau bertolak belakang dengan harapan. Kata-kata yang bisa
mengekspresikannya adalah wish (berharap), if only (seandainya), would rather (lebih suka)
dan as if/as though (seolah-olah). Singkatnya subjunctive adalah bentuk pengandaian. Materi ini
sering kali muncul dalam berbagai bentuk test bahasa Inggris, bahkan dalam test berskala
international sekalipun seperti TOEFL dan TOIEC. Oleh karena itu pastikan kamu menguasai
betul-betul materi ini.

B. Rumus Subjunctive
Di atas sudah dijelaskan bahwa kalimat subjunctive selalu bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan
yang terjadi. Adakalanya kenyataan itu terjadi pada masa sekarang (present), masa yang akan
datang (future) dan masa lampau (past). Oleh karena itu rumus subjunctive pun dibagi menjadi
tiga berdasar waktunya:

1. Present Tense.
Jika faktanya terjadi pada masa sekarang, maka kalimat fakta yang bisa ditarik atau
disimpulkan dari kalimat subjunctive pun harus berupa simple present tense. Adapun
rumusan subjunctive present tense adalah:
Subjunctive Verb + S + Verb-2.
Contoh:
a. Subjunctive: I wish I knew what to do.
(saya berharap saya tahu apa yang harus aku lakukan).
Faktanya: I don’t know what to do.
b. Subjunctive: If only I didn’t have homework, I can sleep.
(seandainya aku tidak punya banyak PR, aku bisa tidur).
Faktanya: I have homework.
c. Subjunctive: Stay calm and act as if there was nothing happen
(santai saja dan bertingkahlah seperti tidak terjadi apa2).
Faktanya: There is something happen.
 Future Tense.
Jika kenyataannya terjadi pada masa yang akan datang, maka kalimat fakta yang bisa ditarik
atau disimpulkan dari kalimat subjunctivenya harus berupa simple future tense. Adapun
rumusannya adalah:
Subjunctive Verb + Subject + Could/Would + infintive/verb-1.
Contoh:
a. Subjunctive: I wish I could come to your party tomorrow.
(Aku berharap aku bisa datang ke pestamu besok).
Faktanya: I will not come.
b. Subjunctive: If only I could follow the tour to Bali next month.
(seandainya aku bisa ikut tour ke Bali bulan depan).
Faktanya: I will not follow.
c. Subjunctive: You bring an umbrella as if today would rain. Don’t you see sun shines
so bright?
(kamu bawa payung seperti mau hujan saja. Tidak kah kamu lihat matahari bersinar
cerah?).
Faktanya: Today will not rain.
 Past Tense.
Jika faktanya terjadi pada masa lampau, maka kalimat fakta yang bisa ditarik atau
disimpulkan dari kalimat subjunctive haruslah berupa simple past tense. Adapun rumusannya
adalah:
Subjunctive Verb + Subject + had + Verb-3.
Contoh Kalimat:
a. Subjunctive: I wish I had studied harder when I was at school.
(aku berharap dulu rajin belajar pas lagi sekolah).
Faktanya: I did not study hard.
b. Subjunctive: If only I had known that Sean is your girl, I would not touch her.
(Seandainya aku tahu bahwa Sean adalah pacarmu, Aku tidak akan mendekatinya).
Faktanya: I did not know.
c. Subjunctive: She just passed in front of me as though she had never know me.
(Dia lewat di depanku seolah-olah dia tidak pernah mengenalku).
Faktanya: She knew me.
C. Pengecualian Rumus Subjunctive.
Khusus untuk subject I yang menggunakan to be, maka to be nya harus
menggunakan were. Misalnya: If only I were a Superman, dan bukan If only I was superman
(X).
Exercise
1. "Let's go swimming."
"I wish I _____ we have a test tomorrow and I still have to study.
a. am able
b. could be
c. could
d. will be able
e. be able to

2. I wish ____ now at the party.

a. He is here
b. He will be here
c. He has been here
d. He were here
e. He be here

3. I am sorry I don't know the answer, but I really wish I _____

a. Know
b. Knew
c. Have known
d. Will know
e. Had known

4. She went to the blackboard as if she knew how to solve the problem.
The underlined words means ____
a. She actually can't solve the problem
b. She ought to know how to solve the problem
c. She definitely knew hpw to solve the problem
d. She should know how to solve the problem

5. "I am planning to go to a party tonight, but It's raining very hard now.
"I wish _____ raining now."
a. it stops
b. it has stopped
c. it will stop
d. it had stopped
e. it would stop
 PROCEDURE TEXT

A. Pengertian Procedure Text

Sebelum menjelaskan tentang generic structure, ciri-ciri procedure text dan contohnya, saya akan
memulai penjelasan ini mendefinisikan pengertian procedure text baik dalam bahasa Inggris
maupun dalam bahasa Indonesia. “Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how
something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps”. Jadi yang dimaksud dengan
procedure text adalah sebuah genre of text yang berfungsi untuk menggambarkan bagaimana
sesuatu dilakukan atau dicapai melalui urutan tindakan atau langkah yang benar.

B. Tujuan Procedure Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari procedure text adalah bagaimana seorang penulis mampu memahamkan
pembaca tentang cara melakukan, menyelesaikan atau mencapai sesuatu dengan cara yang runtut
dan benar atau prosedural. Sebenarnya dilihat dari istilahnya, kita tentu sudah bisa memahami
apa yang dimaksud dengan procedure text. Jadi mungkin ini adalah salah satu genre of text yang
tanpa dijelaskan sebelumnya tapi kita sudah dapat meraba apa maksud tujuan teks ini.

C. Generic Structure Procedure Text

1. The Goal of Activity
Pada bagian ini, penulis mencoba menjelaskan tentang apa yang akan dibuat atau dicapai melalui
serangkaian langkah yang akan dijelaskan pada paragraf berikutnya sehingga pembaca tidak salah
paham tentang apa yang sedang dibicarakan.
2. Any Material Needed for Procedure
Setelah pembaca mengetahui sesuatu apa yang akan dibuat atau dicapai, kemudian penulis
memaparkan materi atau bahan-bahan yang harus dipersiapkan atau dibutuhkan agar sesuatu tersebut
dapat dicapai dengan baik. Jadi pastikan semua bahan atau materi sudah lengkap sebelum mulai
membuatnya.
3. Steps to Achieve the goal
Jika bahan-bahan atau materi yang dibutuhkan sudah lengkap, barulah penulis memberitahukan
langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan secara runtut atau urut. Jadi pada bagian ini penulis harus
menjelaskannya secara urut dan tidak boleh loncat-loncat.
4. Conclusion
Kesimpulan yang berisi tentang hasil akhir dari apa yang telah dikerjakan sesuai dengan langkah-
langkah yang telah ditentukan.

D. Ciri-ciri Redaksi Procedure Text

1. Fokus pada agen manusia umum.
2. Penggunaan present tense.
3. sering Imperatif/bentuk perintah, seperti: buatlah (make), gunakanlah (use) dsb.
4. Penggunaan conjuctions temporal (atau penomeran untuk menunjukkan urutan).
Contoh: then, after that, before, after, while, dan lain sebagainya.

E. Contoh Procedure Text

Contoh 1: How to Make a Milkshake

A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk,
and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate sauce, or fruit syrup.
If you want to make a delicious milkshake by your selves, then this is the way how to make it.

The ingredients that you need to make a milkshake are:

 4 cups vanilla ice cream

 2 cups milk
 4 teaspoons chocolate sauce (optional)
 1 cup fresh or frozen strawberries
Now, follow these steps to make a milkshake.
1. Place milkshake glasses into the freezer. Using cold glasses will help the shake stay cool to give you
time to enjoy. Leave for up to an hour if possible.
2. Soften ice cream. It is easier to make a shake when the ice cream is slightly soft. Take the ice cream
out of the freezer a few minutes before making your shake.
3. Place the ingredients into a blender. Mix the ice cream, milk and added flavors into the blender.
Blend on high for one minute. Don’t leave in the blender for longer or the shake will melt quickly.
4. Pour shakes into frosty glasses. Take the glasses out of the freezer as soon as the blending is
complete. Then pour the shake mixture in.
5. Drop a straw into the shake, then enjoy. You can sip a shake right from the glass but somehow the
straw adds to the flavor and the experience.
If you do not have a blender, you may substitute with a mixer, but be careful as it could be
messy. And if you do not have anything else to mix, just use a spoon, but let the ice cream thaw
first to make the milkshake easier to mix. Enjoy your milkshake.

Penjelasan:
1. Paragraf pertama: the Goal. Penulis berusaha menjelaskan apa itu milkshake dan mengapa ia menulis
tulisan ini, yaitu ingin memberitahu pembaca bagaimana cara membuat milkshake.
2. Paragraf kedua: the Materials Needed. Berisi bahan-bahan yang harus dipersiapkan dan dibutuhkan
untuk membuat milkshake.
3. Paragraf ketiga: Steps, yang berisi langkah-langkah yang dishare oleh penulis untuk membuat
milkshake dari langkah pertama hingga menjadi milkshake.
4. Paragraf keempat: Conclusion. Jadi kesimpulannya, karena namanya shake (dikocok) maka
pembuatan milkshake harus menggunakan alat bantu seperti blender, jika tidak punya, penulis
menganjurkan menggunakan mixer, bahkan jika tidak punya sama sekali, maka bisa menggunakan
spon.
Demikianlah penjelasan lengkap tentang Pengertian, Generic Structure, Ciri-ciri Procedure Text
dan Contohnya. Semoga membantu. Jika kamu suka artikel ini, mohon sumbangan like, twit
dengan berkomentar di bawah ini. Terima kasih.
Exercise
Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 3.
How to Clean an LCD Screen

1. Shake up the detergent and put it 15 — 20 cm away from the LCD screen.
2. Spray on the LCD screen surface directly.
3. Cleanse gently using the fabric cleanser or brush.

You can also do the following steps:

1. Spray the detergent on the fabric cleanser.
2. Clean the LCD screen surface to make it as bright as a new one.
1. What should you do to detergent first?
a. Spray it
b. Clean it
c. Put it away
d. Shake it up
e. Turn it off

2. Before cleaning the screen surface, we spray the detergent on the screen surface directly or
spray it on ….
a. Our fingers
b. The paper
c. The fabric cleanser
d. The brush
e. The cloth

3. "Cleanse gently with the fabric cleanser or brush" (step 3). What does the underlined word
mean?
a. Carefully
b. Directly
c. Harshly
d. Cleanly
e. Easily
 Read the following text to answer questions number 4 and 5.
ANZAC BISCUITS

You will need:

• 2 cups of rolled oats
• 1,5 cups of caster sugar
• 4 tablespoons of golden syrup
• 2 tablespoons of boiling water
• 1 cup of plain flour
• 250 grams of butter
• 1 teaspoon of baking soda
Steps:
1. Turn on the oven 160o C.
2. Lightly grease an oven tray.
3. Mix oats, flour and sugar in a large bowl.
4. Melt butter and golden syrup in a pan.
5. Mix baking soda and boiling water in a cup.
6. Add this mixture to melted butter and golden syrup.
7. Add this to the oats mixture in the large bowl, mix together well.
8. Roll tablespoonfuls of the mixture into balls. Put on the try 5 cm apart.
9. Press lightly on top of each with a fork.
10. Bake for 20 minutes.
4. Why do we use a fork to make Anzac Biscuits?
a. To mix baking soda and boiling water
b. To press the balls of mixture
c. To put the balls on a tray
d. To roll the mixture
e. To take the mixture

5. What is the purpose of the text?

a. To tell how to make Anzac Biscuits
b. To see the ingredients of Anzac Biscuits
c. To announce a new recipe of Anzac Biscuits
d. To prepare everything for cooking Anzac Biscuits
e. To inform about anzac biscuits
 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF SONGS
Objectives
DESCRIPTION: Understanding the social function and language features of songs to learn the
words, feelings and rhymes in songs, according to the contexts. The objective of the lesson:
students are able to understand the words, feelings and rhymes of songs.

LESSON

Key Points
We like listening to music in our free time. We can learn English from English songs. In this
lesson, we learn words, feelings and rhymes in songs.
Here are some points to learn:
1. Words in songs.
What does “a certain word” mean?
Songs are similar to poems. There are beautiful words in songs and poems. Some of the words
are new for us. To help us understand the songs, we need to know the meanings of the difficult
words. Looking up the dictionary will certainly help us know the meanings of the words and
enrich our vocabulary.
2. Synonyms and antonyms.
Singing and reading the lyrics of songs will help up enrich vocabulary by trying to find the
synonym and antonym of the difficult words. We have to check the words in the dictionary and
make notes.
3. Rhymes of the songs.
Learning the rhymes of the songs will help us learning how to pronounce the words.
Pronunciation is an important aspect to learn when we learn a language. If we miss pronounce
words, other will not understand what we are saying.
4. The feelings of the singer.
Songs and the lyrics show how the singers feel. Songs can suggest happiness, sadness, ignorance,
care, hopes, love, friendship, and others.
5. How to understand a complete song.
Read the lyrics of this song:
I Believe I Can Fly
I used to think that I could not go on
And life was nothing but an awful song
But now I know the meaning of true love
I’m leaning on the everlasting arms
If I can see it, then I can do it
If I just believe it, there’s nothing to it
I believe I can fly
I believe I can touch the sky
I think about it every night and day
Spread my wings and fly away
I believe I can soar
I see me running through that open door
I believe I can fly
I believe I can fly
I believe I can fly
See I was on the verge of breaking down
Sometimes silence can seem so loud
There are miracles in life I must achieve
But first I know it starts inside of me
Exercise
Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 5.
Down In the Valley
(Folk song from America)
Down in the valley, the valley so low
Hang your head over, hear the wind blow
Hear the wind blow, dear, hear the wind blow;
Hang your head over, hear the wind blow.

If you don't love me, love whom you please,

Throw your arms round me, give my heart ease,
Give my heart ease, dear, give my heart ease,
Throw your arms round me, give my heart ease

Roses love sunshine, violets love dew,

Angels in Heaven know I love you,
Know I love you, dear, know I love you,
Angels in Heaven know I love you.

If you don't love me, love whom you please,

Throw your arms round me, give my heart ease,
Give my heart ease, dear, give my heart ease,
Throw your arms round me, give my heart ease

Build me a castle, forty feet high;

So I can see her as she rides by,
As she rides by, dear, as she rides by,
So I can see her as she rides by.

Write me a letter, send it by mail;

Send it in care of the Birmingham jail,
Birmingham jail, dear, Birmingham jail,
Send it in care of the Birmingham jail.

1. “Down in the valley, the valley so low” The bolded words are similar with ....
a. Hill
b. Dale
c. Mountain
d. Canyon
e. Cave
2. “Give my heart ease, dear, give my heart ease” (7th line) The bolded words can be replaced
with , EXCEPT ...
a. Relive
b. Lighten
c. Burden
d. Simplify
e. Alleviate

3. What is the second verse mostly talking about ?

a. about the condition and the situation arround the valley
b. about the writer’s demand to send him a letter
c. about the Brimingham jail
d. about someone that was falling in love
e. a request to make a castle

4. Which verse is talking about the situation and condition in the valley ?
a. First verse
b. Second verse
c. Third verse
d. Fourth verse
e. Fifth verse

5. “Write me a letter, send it by mail “ (the last verse) What does the bolded word refer to?
a. The letter
b. The castle
c. Brimingham jail
d. The song
e. The roses