DRRR Official Research Paper Fire Hazard
DRRR Official Research Paper Fire Hazard
DRRR Official Research Paper Fire Hazard
Baliuag, Bulacan
Submitted By:
Danielle P. Bagaforo
Angelou M. Feliciano
Alexandra R. De Guzman
Fire is known for its beneficial uses. It produces heat that can be used by people
especially those who are in polar and temperate regions who often experience extreme
cold weather. Also, it gives us light even before electricity has been discovered to make
the bulbs and other lamps function to provide light. It is also widely used in cooking. It
also provides energy, for fire is used to burn fossil fuels to convert them into useful
energy that is supplied in every home. But then, due to improper use, fire creates a wide
Fire hazards, be natural or manmade, can pose threats to life and property.
According to Safeopedia, fire hazards include all types of live flames, causes of sparks,
hot objects, and chemicals that are potential for ignition, or that can aggravate a fire to
become large and uncontrolled. Fire hazards also include all types of potential threats to
fire prevention practices, firefighting, built-in fire safety systems and situations that
restrict the escape of people from an affected building or area in the event of a fire.
In the Philippines, several notable fire incidents are recorded every year. The
graveness of the incidents of fire per year differs - from the amount of money lost due to
the fire down to the number of lives killed and injured, but what makes fire incidents
worse are the common mistakes and malpractices that lead to serious accidents, and
To increase the awareness of every people about fire as a hazard, the research
team conducted a study about the cases of fire incidents from year 2007 to 2017. This
research also includes the ways on how to prevent fire hazard to become a disaster and
what to do whenever a fire incident occurs. Through the pieces of details being encoded
and decoded, the research team hope that the negative impacts of fire incidents will be
lessened, and at the same time, people will have acquired knowledge regarding fire
Cause of
Fire Type of Area Amount
NOTABLE of
CASES Duration of the Fire
Year Fire
Incident Affected Casualty/Loss Incident
Incident
2007 Bocaue Fire Business Unknown A cigarette 1 hour (December 31,
Incident Establishment was thrown 2007: 10:00am-
near a 11:00am)
firecracker
2008 Narra Residential PHP 1,500,000 Faulty 3 hours and 45
Residence Area electrical minutes (January 10,
Hall Fire wiring 2008: 4:15am-
Incident 8:00am)
2009 Lahug, Cebu Residential PHP 200,000 Unknown 14 minutes
Fire Incident Area (November 3, 2009)
2010 Duljo, Residential PHP 2,900,000 A candle left 2 hours (November 1,
Fatima, Area lighted 2010: 9:06pm-
Cebu Fire 11:06pm)
Incident
2011 Laperal Residential PHP A phone 3 hours (April 19,
Compound, Area 35,000,000 charging was 2011; 12:00pm-
Makati Fire left plugged 3:00pm)
Incident
2012 Tutuban Commercial PHP 2,200,000 Faulty 46 hours (September
Mall Fire Establishment electrical 5, 2012: 12:41am-
wiring September 6, 2012;
10:00am)
2013 Olongapo Commercial PHP 1,000,000 Welding near 1 hour and 30
Hotel Fire Establishment flammable minutes (January 11,
Incident materials 2013; 3:30am-
6:00am)
2014 Zamboanga Residential PHP 100,000 Faulty 1 hour and 45
Fire Incident Area electrical minutes (November
wiring 15, 2014; 12:45am-
2:30am)
2015 Parola Residential PHP Possible 12 hours and 30
Compound, Area 55,000,000 cooking minutes (March 2,
Manila Fire accidents or 2015; 6:00pm-March
Incident electrical 3, 2015-6:30am)
appliances
tripping on
faulty
connections
2016 Tondo, Residential PHP Kwitis 9 hours (January 1,
Manila Fire Area 10,000,000 (Firecracker) 2016: 2:00am-
Incident 9:15am)
2017 NCCC Mall Commercial Unknown Faulty 32 hours (December
Davao Fire Establishment electrical 23, 2017; 9:30am-
Incident wiring at the December 24, 2017;
circuitry of 5:30pm)
the third floor
of the mall
Figure 2 | Number of Affected People During the Fire Incidents Indicated in the
Previous Table
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Dead
Missing (Recovered)
Injured
One notable case per year from 2007-2017 has been primarily studied based on
the affected components (people and casualties) after the fire incidents occurred. Also,
the causes of the fire incidents, including the duration of the fire incident were indicated
and are based on the thorough investigation of the authority, and the research team as
well.
As the first figure depicts, there were 11 incidents, indicating a selected case per
year, and most of them happened all over Metro Manila. The worst case of fire incident
based on the amount of casualties is the Parola Compound Fire Incident in Manila that
happened last March 2, 2015 around 6 pm and was declared “fire-out” March 3, 2015 at
6:30am. The fire burned almost approximately PHP 55,000,000 in the area that made
faulty connections were the probable cause of the 12-hour fire incident.
during the fire incident that is caused by faulty electrical wiring. Although approximately
PHP 2,200,000 amount of casualty was recorded in the said incident, it did not declared
any death of missing people. It took 46 hours for the incident to be declared “fire-out.”
On the other hand, the NCCC Mall Davao Fire Incident that happened 2 days
before the Christmas Day 2017 could be the possible most tragic fire incident based on
the number of fatalities. According to the investigation, faulty electrical wiring is the
cause of the incident that led to the death of 38 people. Authorities say the exit paths of
mall were not smoke and heat-proof and there were no functioning sprinklers in the area
that led to the tragic fire incident. The amount of casualty in the incident is still unknown
Some fire incidents weren’t given sufficient information despite their thorough
investigation of the authority. Bocaue Fire, way back in 2007, had an unknown amount of
casualties during the incident, although there has been a report that 10 stores of
firecrackers were burnt during the incident. Meanwhile, the 2009 Lahug, Cebu Fire
Incident’s cause of fire was still a big question for the authority.
As the researchers observed in the notable cases provided, most of them are
caused by faulty electrical wiring, especially to those cases that happened in the
commercial establishments. Also, the contingency plans during the fire incidents in
commercial establishments were not observed. A specific example for this is the case of
2017 NCCC Mall Fire in Davao last December 23, 2017. According to Superintendent
Jerry Candido, the sprinklers inside the mall are not functioning because there were
neither sprinkler heads nor water. Also, fire exits weren’t smoke and heat-proof.
Other factors that affected the graveness of the casualties during the fire incidents
were the “human activities that were left unattended.” In the case of 2010 Duljo, Fatima,
Cebu Fire Incident, a candle was left lighted. On the other hand, 2011 Laperal Compound
Makati Fire Incident happened because a phone was left plugged and charging. Both
Physical consequences that can happen during fire incidents include the loss of
homes, properties, including the high number of fatalities and injuries related to human
such as suffering in serious injuries or unexpected death of loved ones that has been
witnessed during the fire incident. On the other hand, socio-cultural aspects that can be
contingency plans that aim to prevent the community from being immobile especially
during fire occurrence. According to the Bureau of Fire Protection Region 3 (BFP-R3)
Contingency Plan for the Municipality of Baliuag, Bulacan, the main objective of their
There are three plans of action that is provided in case of fire incidents. First,
upon receipt of call, gather information for verification purposes. Confirmation should
always come first especially for such critical incident that may change your life.
Whenever there is fire, firemen would analyze and verify the situation first. Second,
response (approximately 3-5 minutes) en-route time should be observed. Fire, being
known for the danger that it brings out, must be given an instant attention. People in-
charge must be alert at all times especially when an incident like fire cannot be predicted
unless it happens. Giving immediate and quick response should always be given to avoid
necessary. When there is fire, expect that there are also people who can be injured, so
truck/personnel) and MDRRMO Baliwag for assistance and for easier communication
with the personnel in charge. It is necessary to approach the appropriate office to receive
putting out the fire, and 7 personnel to offer medical assistance during the incident of fire.
The total amount of budget allocated for every fire incidents that will occur is around
PHP 10,000.
Fire incidents are truly inevitable, although they can be prevented if people will consider
Fire incidents, despite the care that we practice, will still occur if some people don’t do
the same. In case of unexpected fire incidents, people must be ready at all times. These
Fire Incident
Before
● Consider escape ladders if your residence has more than one level.
● Install fire extinguishers in your residence and teach family members how to use
them.
● Ask your local fire department to inspect your residence for fire safety and
prevention.
During
● If your clothes catch on fire, you should stop, drop, and roll - until the fire is
extinguished.
● To escape a fire, you should check closed doors for heat before you open them. If
● If the door is cool, open slowly and ensure fire and smoke are not blocking your
escape route.
● Crawl low under any smoke to your exit - heavy smoke and poisonous gases
● Close doors behind you as you escape to delay the spread of the fire.
After
● Contact your local disaster relief service if you need temporary housing, food and
medicines.
● Check with the fire department to make sure your residence is safe to enter.
● The fire department should see that utilities are either safe to use or are
● Do not throw away any damaged goods until after an inventory is made.
Summary
in using fire for industrial and commercial use. They searched for a fir incident per year
from 2007-2017. As they studied different cases, data showed that most fire incidents
happened in residential areas, and are all caused by human malpractices in using
electricity and other materials that need fire. All of the fire incidents led to destruction of
properties, financial loss of commercial establishments and residential areas, and even
fatalities. To minimize the risk of fire hazards, the researcher set measures on what to do
whenever a fire incident strikes. Also, the researchers set precautionary measures to
Conclusion
After fulfilling the research, the researchers came up to a conclusion that fire can
be beneficial and destructive – beneficial in a way that it unleashes its industrial and
commercial uses, and destructive when it is misused. In order to avoid the listed notable
cases of fire incidents to happen again, they advised to follow the precautionary measures
that they had given in order to minimize the great impact of fire hazards.
Recommendation
This research focused on a specific case of fire incident per year, but those
incidents were not the events that lost the greatest in different aspects. The researchers
recommended the future researchers to have more comprehensive case studies about the
Danielle P. Bagaforo
Studying Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction made me aware of the hazards
that surround us. The subject helped me know further knowledge about how exposed and
at the same time vulnerable to disaster risk our country is. As a student who experienced
cope up with disasters. Throughout the school year DRRR is one of the most enjoyed
subjects I have encountered. Not only because I could relate and built up interest in every
topic but also because of Miss Mika who patiently taught us topics relative to disaster I
learned how to be physically, mentally and emotionally prepared whenever disaster may
disrupt the normal function of our society. As we have started to do the research which is
about fire, we experienced going to a fire station just to gather the document needed for
the study. It may not have given me the hardest time to do the actual research since I just
did a few parts of it still, I can say that even if it was only a few it already gave me a hard
time to finish constructing every sentence. DRRR may seem easy to be learned but all
that matters is how we apply the knowledge in actuality or whenever disaster may occur
in our society.
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (DRRR), for me, has been one of the
learning areas in Senior High School that is worth learning for. It helped me in dealing
with the danger that poses threat in my everyday life. I learned the differences between
hazard, disaster, and disaster risk, which are often used interchangeably. I also learned
the essence of having contingency plans whenever hazards can turn to disaster to
Aside from the acquired knowledge, this research has been the greatest
achievement I’ve ever had in this subject. This research taught me to become an eye
shouldn’t happen, but if ever that when that time will come, all of the knowledge I
Alexandra R. De Guzman
there are times where in the class is so quiet and dull just like on the roller coaster the
straight paths and most of the times the class is so hyped up to the extent where in
everyone is laughing and that is the loop part on the roller coaster. The moment Ma'am
Mika entered our room during the start of the 2nd semester made us all scream in joy
because she is someone very kind and dear to us. She listens to our never ending rants
bout school works. As our teacher she can handle lessons very well. She makes sure that
Angelou M. Feliciano
I am actually enjoying this subject because we're having fun yet we're learning.
This subject can really help us in case there are emergencies. This subject informed me a
lot about what to do if ever there is a disaster. By the help of this subject, I am able to
inform my family and friends on what to do and to be safe during a disaster. I am also
glad that our teacher makes the lesson a lot easier that's why we're able to understand the
lessons. I can say that this subject can really help us in our future
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction is a subject that taught me a lot. I became
more aware of many disasters and what to do when it occurs. It also widen my
knowledge about the plans of local government in a certain hazard might occur. This
Because of our subject Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction, I realized the
urgency of having an effective DRRM here in our country. I learned about how serious
hazards and disasters can be. I haven’t realized this before because I only knew about
disasters through the news. Now I already know that this subject may be easy but it
should be taken seriously because it is what we really need in real life. I hope in the
future, DRRR will be taught not only in SHS but also in Elementary and High School.