Astm C868-02 PDF
Astm C868-02 PDF
Astm C868-02 PDF
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Designation: C 868 – 02
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C03 on
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Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility of Available from the Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th St., Pittsburgh, PA
Subcommittee C03.03 on Thermoplastic Fabrications. 15222. Web address: http://www.SSPC.org
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Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally The sole source of supply of the four-neck cylindrical, borosilicate-type glass
published as C 868 – 77. Last previous edition C 868 – 85(1995)e1. test cell known to the committee at this time is DelVal Glass Inc., 1135 E. 7th St.,
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Wilmington, DE. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
the ASTM website. you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 868 – 02
4.4 Gaskets, of a chemically resistant material, capable of 4.7.2 “C” clamp fixtures or stainless steel band clamps or
withstanding the chemical environment. The gaskets shall also other suitable means can be used to mount the test panels to the
provide a tight seal between the test cell and test specimen. test cell.
Gaskets having a Shore “A” Durometer of 60 are generally 4.7.3 Use clamping pressures sufficient to seal the opening,
adequate. The gasket material shall be selected so that it does but not so great as to destroy the test cell or test panel or
not contaminate the test solution. damage the test lining.
4.5 Air or Gas Bubbler—It may be necessary to include an 4.8 Cell Test Area:
air or gas bubbler to agitate or aerate the solution. Where 4.8.1 The cells should be maintained in an open, well
aeration is not required, a magnetic stirrer may be used to ventilated area with temperature controlled to 73 6 4F° (23 6
create agitation. 2C°).
4.5.1 At solution temperatures below boiling, agitation is 4.8.2 The preferred method to ensure the free movement of
required to maintain temperature uniformity. Where the service air past the surfaces is to utilize grills or grating to support the
solution is considered to be aerated, air should be bubbled into cells with several inches of clearance beneath the grating to
the solution. In cases where the solution will be air or oxygen allow air flow past the plate surfaces. If this type of support is
depleted, nitrogen or other suitable inert gas should be used for employed, cells should be at least 6 in. (152 mm) away from
agitation. one another or any heat source.
4.5.2 Insert a bubbler for air or other gas through the utility
4.8.3 If open grating support is not used, cells should be at
opening in the test cell. The bubbler shall consist of a piece of
least 12 in. (305 mm) from one another or from any potential
fluorocarbon or glass tubing 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) in inside diameter,
source of heat. They should be placed on an open shelf or
attached to the ground-glass fitting in the utility opening, and
bench top in such a way that free convective cooling of the
extending almost to the bottom of the test cell.
unlined side of the test panels may occur.
4.6 Thermometer or Thermocouple, to fit the prescribed
thermowell, capable of registering the temperature specified
5. Test Specimens
for the test.
4.7 Mounting Equipment (Alternatives): 5.1 Substrate:
4.7.1 Mount the test panels on the test cell with a minimum 5.1.1 Panels shall be commercial quality, unused, hot-rolled
of three carbon steel bolts, 1⁄4 or 3⁄8 in. (6 or 9 mm) in diameter, carbon steel (Specifications A 36/A 36M or A 285/A 285M) 1⁄4
using wing nuts for easy removal. by 8 by 8 in. (6 by 200 by 200 mm).
C 868 – 02
NOTE 2—With appropriate modification and procedures, this method 6.1.2 If no concentration is specified, it is understood that
can be used to evaluate linings on other metallic substrates such as the chemical is used in its undiluted form.
stainless steel or other alloys, copper, aluminum, etc., and to evaluate
6.2 Analysis of the test solution may be performed when the
linings on concrete, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), or other substrates.
following conditions occur:
5.2 Prepare one side of the panels according to the surface 6.2.1 Loss of media or buildup of contaminants.
conditions of NACE No. 1 SSPC-SP-5. The profile depth of the 6.2.2 Any change of the test solution.
cleaned steel shall be as recommended by the lining manufac-
turer. The average profile depth shall be measured by Test 7. Procedure
Methods D 4417.
7.1 Following the conditioning period, clamp the test panels
5.3 Apply the lining to the test panels as prescribed by the
in place at the ends of the test cell with the lining material
manufacturer and in a manner as closely simulating field
positioned against the cell interior. Use a suitable gasket
application as possible. For example, if the lining is to be spray
material between the lining and cell faces described in 4.4 to
applied in the field, the lining for the test panels should be
ensure against leakage of the test solution.
spray applied also. Lining thickness should be within 10 % of
7.2 The assembled test cell may be filled with tap water and
the nominal thickness specified.
held approximately 1 h to check for complete sealing of the
5.3.1 The opposite (unprepared) side should be left unlined.
apparatus.
A very thin (1 to 3 mils, 25 to 76 µm) coating may be applied
to the unprepared side, if necessary, to prevent rusting. 7.3 Fill the test cell 2⁄3 to 3⁄4 of its total height with the test
5.3.2 Wherever possible, duplicate test panels should be run solution and commence heating, if required. Mark the outer,
to determine reproducibility of results. unexposed panel area, indicating the test solution level for
5.4 Conditioning of Test Panels—Condition test panels for a visual control of the test solution level.
period of 7 days at 73 6 4F° (23 6 2C°). Additional 7.4 Disassemble the test cell at one month or other intervals
conditioning of test panels, including longer cure times or for inspection. When the apparatus is reassembled, recharge it
elevated cure temperatures, may be conducted if specified by with fresh test media. Recharging of the test media may be
the lining manufacturer. necessary at more frequent intervals, if required due to the
5.5 Specimen Measurements: nature of the media, for instance, NaOCl (see Section 6).
5.5.1 Check the thickness of the lining material by using an 7.4.1 When test panels are disassembled from the test cell,
appropriate dry-film thickness gage. rinse the panels with distilled water and wipe dry. No other
5.5.2 Check the discontinuities in the lining material of conditioning is required.
one-side exposure test panels by using Practice D 5162. 7.5 Interim Evaluation:
Consult the lining manufacturer for the recommended voltage 7.5.1 Make the visual inspection and record the results for
to be used. Low voltage detectors are not recommended unless the following:
specifically recommended by the lining manufacturer. 7.5.1.1 Color—State any changes noted in the color of the
5.5.2.1 High-voltage holiday detection should not be used lining.
on linings that have been exposed. The test could be destructive 7.5.1.2 Surface Gloss—Report any dulling of the lining
and may not be meaningful since the dielectric strength of the surface.
lining material may be changed by the exposure. 7.5.1.3 Surface Texture—Note signs of chemical or physical
5.5.2.2 If discontinuities are found, either repair the lining erosion.
or replace the test panel(s). 7.5.1.4 Blisters—Inspect the surface for blisters by visual
and audible methods such as lightly tapping or applying a
NOTE 3—Certain linings are conductive and cannot be tested in this straight edge to the surface of the panel. Describe the size,
manner.
quantity, and location of blisters. Use Test Method D 714
5.5.3 Visually inspect the lining surface of all panels before where possible.
the test exposure is begun to determine the color, clarity, 7.5.1.5 Changes in the test solution.
surface gloss, and surface texture; also, any gross imperfec- 7.6 Final Evaluation:
tions such as voids, cracks, runs, or sags. 7.6.1 After the sixth month of exposure or upon failure,
5.5.4 Determine the hardness of the lining by a suitable repeat the procedures described in Section 7.5 and conduct the
standard hardness test such as Test Methods D 785, D 1474, following additional tests:
D 2583, and D 3363 in an area of the panel that will not be 7.6.1.1 Determine the hardness of the lining as described in
exposed to the test solution. Hardness determinations may be 5.5.4 on portions of the panel exposed to: (1) liquid solution,
invalid for some aggregate-filled systems. (2) vapor phase, (3) liquid-vapor interface, and (4) unexposed
area.
6. Test Solution 7.6.1.2 Make an appraisal of the adhesion of the lining to
6.1 The test media shall simulate the anticipated service the substrate. Depending on the type of lining, this appraisal
environment when testing lining materials for a specific may be made using different methods such as strip peeling,
application. elcometer test (Test Method D 4541) or prying with a knife or
6.1.1 The concentration(s) of the chemical(s) shall be speci- similar equipment. Not all of these methods will provide a
fied. Unless otherwise stated, all dilutions shall be made with specific value. During this destructive evaluation, the location
distilled, demineralized or deionized water. of blisters should be determined. The blisters may be at the
C 868 – 02
surface of the substrate, between layers within the lining tion, noting any changes in the surface texture, evidence of
system, or within one layer of the lining system. cracking, blistering, or delamination. Changes in media ap-
7.6.1.3 High-voltage holiday detection should not be used pearance should be reported.
on linings that have been exposed. The test could be destructive 8.3 Qualitative evaluation of the final inspection shall in-
and may not be meaningful since the dielectric strength of the clude an appraisal of adhesion of adhesion of the lining to the
lining material may be changed by the exposure. substrate, notation of any signs of substrate attack or corrosion
such as metal rusting, metal darkening, or any visible oxides.
8. Report 8.3.1 A pictorial study of test panels may also be kept.
8.1 The report shall include the following information Pictures should be taken before exposure and at each test
concerning the lining system and test conditions: interval. Two sets of pictures should be taken at test conclu-
8.1.1 Manufacturer’s name, product designation, and ge- sion: one set before destruction and one set after destruction.
neric type; 8.3.2 When a degree of chemical attack is questionable, a
8.1.2 Type of test substrate; microscopic examination may be of value. This is purely a
qualitative examination to determine depth of degradation or
8.1.3 Method of panel preparation, including the depth of
possible degree of permeation of the lining by the test solution.
profile and all steps and application procedures used in the
application of the lining. The initial thickness of the lining shall 9. Precision and Bias
be measured and recorded; 9.1 This test method is as specific as possible in establishing
8.1.4 Conditioning procedure; reproducible methods and procedures. Final test result and
8.1.5 Hardness, visual observations, and note any repairs or report, however, depends heavily on visual observations and
any discontinuities. The test method used to determine the subjective evaluation and results and conclusions may vary.
hardness shall be noted; 9.2 Wherever possible, duplicate test panels should be run
8.1.6 Description of lining appearance prior to testing; and to determine reproducibility of results.
8.1.7 Test conditions including test media, temperature,
time of exposure, length of intervals between exposures, and 10. Keywords
frequency of recharging test solutions. 10.1 blistering; cell test; corrosive media; discontinuities;
8.2 The results of each interim inspection shall comprise a holiday; permeation; profile depth; protective lining; chemical
description of the appearance of the test panel at each inspec- resistance; adhesion; coating
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