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    Earthquake: Rosales, Twinkle Anne G. STEM 2-St. Maria Goretti

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    TwinkleAnneGonzalesRosales
    Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up pressure between tectonic plates. They usually occur along plate boundaries but can also happen inland along faults. Early warning systems can detect impending shaking and provide advance notice. Major earthquakes cause widespread damage through ground shaking, landslides, tsunamis and fires. The most damaging Philippine earthquakes in recent decades include the 1990 Luzon, 2012 Negros, and 2013 Bohol quakes, all over magnitude 6. Natural phenomena become hazards when they affect human settlements, with risks increasing based on the number of people impacted. While earthquake-prone areas offer advantages like fertile land and geothermal power, mitigation efforts like reinforcing structures and having emergency plans

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    Earthquake: Rosales, Twinkle Anne G. STEM 2-St. Maria Goretti

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    TwinkleAnneGonzalesRosales
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    Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up pressure between tectonic plates. They usually occur along plate boundaries but can also happen inland along faults. Early warning systems can detect impending shaking and provide advance notice. Major earthquakes cause widespread damage through ground shaking, landslides, tsunamis and fires. The most damaging Philippine earthquakes in recent decades include the 1990 Luzon, 2012 Negros, and 2013 Bohol quakes, all over magnitude 6. Natural phenomena become hazards when they affect human settlements, with risks increasing based on the number of people impacted. While earthquake-prone areas offer advantages like fertile land and geothermal power, mitigation efforts like reinforcing structures and having emergency plans

    Original Description:

    EARTHQUAKE

    Original Title

    Earthquake Profile

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    Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up pressure between tectonic plates. They usually occur along plate boundaries but can also happen inland along faults. Early warning systems can detect impending shaking and provide advance notice. Major earthquakes cause widespread damage through ground shaking, landslides, tsunamis and fires. The most damaging Philippine earthquakes in recent decades include the 1990 Luzon, 2012 Negros, and 2013 Bohol quakes, all over magnitude 6. Natural phenomena become hazards when they affect human settlements, with risks increasing based on the number of people impacted. While earthquake-prone areas offer advantages like fertile land and geothermal power, mitigation efforts like reinforcing structures and having emergency plans

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views4 pages

    Earthquake: Rosales, Twinkle Anne G. STEM 2-St. Maria Goretti

    Uploaded by

    TwinkleAnneGonzalesRosales
    Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up pressure between tectonic plates. They usually occur along plate boundaries but can also happen inland along faults. Early warning systems can detect impending shaking and provide advance notice. Major earthquakes cause widespread damage through ground shaking, landslides, tsunamis and fires. The most damaging Philippine earthquakes in recent decades include the 1990 Luzon, 2012 Negros, and 2013 Bohol quakes, all over magnitude 6. Natural phenomena become hazards when they affect human settlements, with risks increasing based on the number of people impacted. While earthquake-prone areas offer advantages like fertile land and geothermal power, mitigation efforts like reinforcing structures and having emergency plans

    Copyright:

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    Rosales, Twinkle Anne G.

    STEM 2- St. Maria Goretti


    EARTHQUAKE
     Where does this kind of event occur?
    Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continental plates. The
    plates are moved around by the motion of a deeper part of the earth (the mantle) that lies
    underneath the crust. These plates are always bumping into each other, pulling away
    from each other, or past each other. Earthquakes can also occur far from the edges of
    plates, along faults. Faults are caused by all that bumping and sliding the plates do. They
    are more common near the edges of the plates.

     What causes the natural phenomenon?


    Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a
    fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground
    shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a
    little. They don't just slide smoothly; the rocks catch on each other. The rocks are still
    pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all
    the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

     How much warning is there?


    An early warning is issued upon detecting a sudden movement or strong seismic
    shaking underground. They broadcast a warning of imminent strong shaking to more
    distant areas before the shaking arrives. . The seconds to minutes of advance warning
    can allow people and systems to take actions to protect life and property from destructive
    shaking.

     Can it cause damage to people and the environment? If so, what sort of
    damage can it cause?
    Earthquakes can destroy settlements and kill many people. Aftershocks can cause
    even more damage to an area.

    Social impacts Economic impacts Environmental


    impacts
    Short-term People may be killed Shops and business The built landscape may
    (immediate) or injured. Homes may may be destroyed. be destroyed. Fires can
    impacts be destroyed. Looting may take spread due to gas pipe
    Transport and place. The damage to explosions. Fires can
    communication links transport and damage areas of
    may be disrupted. communication links woodland. Landslides
    Water pipes may burst can make trade may occur. Tsunamis
    and water supplies difficult. may cause flooding in
    may be contaminated. coastal areas.
    Long-term Disease may spread. The cost of rebuilding Important natural and
    impacts People may have to be a settlement is high. human landmarks may
    re-housed, sometimes Investment in the area be lost.
    in refugee camps. may be focused only
    on repairing the
    damage caused by
    the earthquake.
    Income could be lost.
     How are different people affected when a natural phenomenon affect people
    all the time?

    One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is population displacement.


    When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature, many
    people have to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions. After natural
    disasters, food often becomes scarce. Thousands of people around the world go
    hungry as a result of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it
    happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought. Natural disasters can be
    particularly traumatic for young children. Confronted with scenes of destruction and
    the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress
    disorder (PTSD). All natural disasters cause loss in some way. Depending on the
    severity, lives can be lost in any number of disasters.

     How strong are the most damaging events? List five examples.
    Since the 1600s, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology said the
    country has experienced 106 earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or higher. Of this
    number, the deadliest earthquakes took place in the last 50 years.

    August 2, 1968: A magnitude-7.3 tremor shook Casiguran and some areas in Luzon,
    including Manila, where 268 tenants of six-story Ruby Tower in Binondo, Manila were
    killed when it collapsed.
    August 17, 1976: A 7.9-magnitude earthquake and resulting tsunami hit the Moro
    Gulf, leaving over 5,000 people dead.
    July 16, 1990: Parts of Luzon, particularly Baguio City and Cabanatuan City, were
    damaged following a 7.9-magnitude earthquake. At least 1,200 people died from the
    quake.
    February 6, 2012: Nearly 60 people were killed when a 6.9-magnitude earthquake hit
    Negros Oriental
    October 15, 2013: Centuries-old churches in Bohol and Cebu crumble down to a 7.2-
    magnitude tremor, which also killed 222 people and injured 976 others.

     How big should a natural phenomenon be for it to be considered a hazard?


    Does size even matter?
    A physical event, such as a volcanic eruption, that does not affect human beings is a
    natural phenomenon but not a natural hazard. A natural phenomenon that occurs in a
    populated area is a hazardous event. In areas where there are no human interests,
    natural phenomena do not constitute hazards nor do they result in disasters. This
    definition is thus at odds with the perception of natural hazards as unavoidable havoc
    wreaked by the unrestrained forces of nature. A natural phenomenon can be considered
    a hazard if a large scale of individuals is affected. Thus, it depends on how wide or large
    the area is. The larger the area and the larger the population, the more likely it is for a
    natural phenomenon be considered a hazard. What is being measured is the size of the
    risk.

     Why do people live in areas affected by a natural hazard?


    In many places, where natural hazards in one or more forms occur with varying
    frequency, people appear to go on living there and in quite large numbers.

    People make decisions on the basis of:


    Physical/ environmental –The climate is good, soil is fertile, the natural resources for
    fishing, farming are there to make a good living.
    Human/social – the family has always lived there, there is a community, work, it is a
    pleasant place to be, do not have a choice or do not see themselves as having one, lack
    of education to do other work.
    Economic – work, from farming, tourism maybe, fishing, it is where property is owned.

    The advantages of living in earthquake zones:


     Along plate edges, geothermal power is often a cheap and clean source of power –
    e.g. Iceland
     Many earthquake areas are close to the coast – the climate is good, fishing and
    farming are easy.

     How could people prevent disasters when a natural hazard strikes?

    Earthquake

    Safety Tips

     Have an earthquake readiness plan.


     Consult a professional to learn how to make your home sturdier, such as bolting
    bookcases to wall studs, installing strong latches on cupboards, and strapping the
    water heater to wall studs.
     Locate a place in each room of the house that you can go to in case of an
    earthquake. It should be a spot where nothing is likely to fall on you.
     Keep a supply of canned food, an up-to-date first aid kit, 3 gallons (11.4 liters) of
    water per person, dust masks and goggles, and a working battery-operated radio
    and flashlights.
     Know how to turn off your gas and water mains.
    If Shaking Begins

     Drop down; take cover under a desk or table and hold on.
     Stay indoors until the shaking stops and you're sure it's safe to exit.
     Stay away from bookcases or furniture that can fall on you.
     Stay away from windows. In a high-rise building, expect the fire alarms and
    sprinklers to go off during a quake.
     If you are in bed, hold on and stay there, protecting your head with a pillow.
     If you are outdoors, find a clear spot away from buildings, trees, and power lines.
    Drop to the ground.
     If you are in a car, slow down and drive to a clear place. Stay in the car until the
    shaking stops.

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