Technical English I
Technical English I
Technical English I
UNIT I
GENERAL VOCABULARY
• Breeder producer
• Tranquil peaceful
• Pollute ` contaminate
• Accumulated stored up
• Jeopardy in danger
• Virtually righteously
• Dynamism strength
• Enhance heighten
• Amalgamation mixture
• Survival lifetime
SYNONYMS
• Caricature a portrait
• Circumspect cautious
• Contingent dependent
• Copious abundant
• Corroborate to confirm
• Dormant inactive
• Ramification a consequence
ANTONYMS
• Alternate fix
• Array disorder
• Decline improvement
• Defend attack
• Fragment whole
• Incessant irregular
• Persist stop
Comparative Adjectives.
MODALS
Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals.
1. I_______do this work soon.
2. ______you lend me your pen?
3. It_____rain.
4. How_____you talk in my class
5. You -------pass in the examination.
6. You------to obey your parents.
7. -------you like to have tea?
8. I-------speak Hindi well.
9. ------- I take leave.
10. He------pass.
TENSES
Fill in the blanks with correct form of the verbs
1. The Sun _______(rise) in the east.
2. The cold breeze _______(blow) every morning.
3. Water ______(freeze) in winter.
4. They ______(listen) to rock music at present.
5. I_____(visit) lot of interesting places yesterday.
6. We ______(walk) in this street last week.
7. He_______(read) a poem now.
8. I________( see) Taj Mahal.
9. It _______rain) for two hours.
10. I shall help you, if you_____(come) to me.
11. The patient had died before the doctor______(come).
12. The children______(die)before the doctor came.
DESCRIPTION
13. A CAPACITOR
15. PHOTOCOPYING
Photocopying is a process, which makes paper copies of documents and other visual
images quickly and cheaply. It was introduced by Xerox in the 1960s, and over the following 20
years, it gradually replaced
copies made by carbon paper, mimeograph machines and other duplicating
machines.
Features of Communication
• Two-way Process
• Information Sharing and Understanding
• Verbal and Non-Verbal.
• Circular Flow.
• Goal Oriented.
• Continuous Process
• Pervasive Activity.
Message: Message is a key idea that the sender wants to communicate. It is a sign that elicits
the response of recipient. Communication process begins with deciding about the message to
be conveyed. It must be ensured that the main objective of the message is clear.
COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Sender / Encoder: Sender / Encoder is a person who sends the message. A sender makes
use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce the
required response. For instance - a training manager conducting training for new batch of
employees. Sender may be an individual or a group or an organization. The views,
background, approach, skills, competencies, and knowledge of the sender have a great impact
on the message.
Encoding – Encoding is the process where the information you would like to communicate
gets transferred into a form to be sent and decoded by the receiver.
Channel – Channels are the way you convey your message. These channels include verbal
such as telephone, and face-to-face conversations as well as non-verbal such as e-mail and
text messaging. Each individual channel has its strengths and weaknesses in terms of
communicating. For instance - Written medium is chosen when a message has to be
conveyed to a small group of people, while an oral medium is chosen when spontaneous
feedback is required from the recipient as misunderstandings are cleared then and there.
Decoding – Decoding is on the receiving end of communication. This stage is just as
important as encoding. Communication can go downhill at this stage if the receiver is not
practicing active listening skills or if they do not possess enough information to accurately
decode the message
Receiver - Receiver is a person for whom the message is intended or aimed. The degree to
which the decoder understands the message is dependent upon various factors such as
knowledge of recipient, their responsiveness to the message, and the reliance of encoder on
decoder.
Feedback - Feedback is the main component of communication process as it permits the
sender to analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in confirming the correct
interpretation of message by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or non-
verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written form also in form of memos,
reports, etc.
Barriers to communication
Things that makes communication or good relationship between people difficult or
impossible.
Problem which effect the transmission from the sender to the receiver in the communication
process.
How does miscommunication or barriers arise?
1) Problem in developing the message.
2) Difficulty in expressing ideas.
3) Problems in transmitting the message.
4) Problems in receiving the message.
5) Problems in interpreting the message.
Semantic Barriers
If the receiver is not able to comprehend the message that the sender intends to convey, it
results into language barrier in the process of communication .
Cause:
Use of unsuitable words
Improper sentence formation.
Organizational Barriers
Every organization has its own structure and communication techniques.
Cause:
Processing of information from several people.
Organizational rules.
Interpersonal Barriers
Psychological Barrier
When a person is not able to communicate effectively because of mental disturbances.
Cause:
Background
Fixed ideas .
Physical Barriers
The distracting element found in the surrounding environment that does not allow proper
communication.
Cause:
Noise .
Poor lighting.
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Make suitable seating arrangement.
• Ensure audibility and visibility
.• Minimize visual and aural distractions.
• provide environmental comforts
.• Proper posture and proper body.
PSYCHOLGICAL BARRIERS
ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS
UNIT II
Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.
1. Uma and friends (is, are) at college.
2. Either our Principal or our English teacher (is, are) coming to the
play ground.
3. The Prime Minister, together with his wife (greet, greets) the
delegate cordially.
4. Either my books or your bag (is, are) on the table.
5. Babu and Ravi (doesn’t, don’t) want to go to temple.
6. One of my friends (is, are) writing an examination.
7. The man with all his brothers (live, lives) in the same house.
8. Nobody (know, knows) the way to the Railway Station.
9. (is, are ) the news at 8 or 8.30 pm?
10. There (was, were) ten books in the box.
NOTE-MAKING
1.There are three main kinds of fires. The first type occurs on ordinary
materials like paper or wood. To put such a fire the heat must be
removed. For this reason we spray water on burning paper or wood. The
water absorbs heat from the burning materials and lowers their
temperature. When the temperature drops down, the fuels stop burning..
The second type of fire involves inflammable liquids like petrol and
kerosene. We use carbon dioxide to put out such fires. Foams which
contain carbon dioxide are sprayed over burning liquids. The foams
blanket the fire and the oxygen supply is cut off. So the liquids are
unable to burn. The third type of fire occurs on live electrical
equipment.. Foams of Carbon dioxide can be used to put out the fire
as the foams are not a conductor of electricity.
2.Explosives can be divided into two types, low explosives and high
explosives. Gunpowder is an example for low explosives. It can be set
off by heat or electric spark. Low explosives are tightly packed in a
container. When they are set off the gas pressure builds up rapidly.
As a result the explosion becomes forceful. Low explosives are used to
propel shells and bullets out of guns. They are also used in rockets.
Dynamite is an example for high explosives. The high explosives are
not set off by heat. A detonator causes a small explosion. This causes
a sudden rise in pressure. As a result the explosives blow up. High
explosives need no container and they can be moulded into any shape.
Plastic explosives belong to this category. They are used by
terrorists because they are easy to hide and difficult to detect. Some
plastic explosives do not give off smell and cannot be found by
sniffer dogs.
3.Diamonds are crystals of pure carbon. They were formed when great heat
and pressure of earth acted on carbon. Diamonds are noted for their
brilliance and hardness. The most valuable diamonds are either
colorless or blue-white. Natural diamonds look like small pebbles of
cloudy glass. When they are cut and polished properly diamonds take on
their brilliant sparkle. Diamonds are used to make expensive jewels
because of their brilliance. Diamonds are the hardest of all natural
substances. So they are put to different used. They are useful as
glass cutters and dentists’ drills. Diamond saws are used for cutting
rocks. They are used to sharpen tools and to grind glasses. Mining
companies use diamonds to drill through rocks. Diamond drawing dies
are used to make fine wires like those needed for electric lamp
filaments.
5.Bacteria and viruses are the common germs which cause diseases.
Bacteria are very small living thins. They can be seen only under a
microscope. . They live almost everywhere on earth. They are seen in
fresh water, in salt water, in soil, on our skins and even on fallen
leaves and dead trees. They cause some of the deadliest diseases like
tuberculosis, pneumonia, cholera and typhoid. Viruses are much smaller
than bacteria. They can be seen only with an electron microscope. They
can grow and multiply only when they are inside living cells. Viruses
that attack man and animals are called animal viruses.
Those which attack plants are called plant viruses. Viruses which
attack are called bacterial viruses, Some viruses attack the skin and
cause diseases such as chicken pox, small pox and measles. Some others
attack the nerves and cause diseases such as rabies and brain fever. A
third type attacks internal organs. Yellow fever, influenza and common
cold are caused by them.
UNIT-III
TYPES OF SENTENCES
1. She is a dancer.
9. Alas! He is dead.
Conditionals
• The carburetor may become choked with dirt. An air filter is fitted.
• Gas turbines are not self starting. A starting motor must be fitted
to drive the compression.
• The apprentices had very little training. Their work was very poor.
6. The godown had very little space. They couldn’t keep the things in order.
7. All data was lost. The power supply was interrupted.
8. The cost of labour is high. A mechanical stoker was installed.
9. The steam is wet. It must be superheated.
10. The steam has velocity. The blades are caused to rotate.
TYPES OF LISTENING:
2. Empathetic Listening:
3.Comprehensive Listening:
This type of listening is needed in the class room when students have
to listen to the lecture to comprehend the message.
4. Critical Listening:
5. Active Listening:
6. Selective Listening
7. Passive Listening
8. Superficial Listening
9. Evaluating Listening:
DO’S:
• Be mentally prepared to listen
• Be open - minded.
DON’TS:
• Prepare your responses while your speaker is speaking.
• Avoid preconceptions and prejudices.
VISUAL AIDS:
Spoken words are ephemeral: as soon as they come out of our mouth they evaporate into
air. Because of this limitation, speeches often need strong visual support- handouts,
chalkboards, flip charts, overheads, slides, computers, charts, tables, film etc. If a picture
is simple, clear and appropriate to its purpose and audience it will deliver its message
more accurately and quickly than a verbal explanation. Ours is a visually oriented society
and an audience likes to hear as well as see information.
• Increase audience
• For those not familiar with your language or accent, turn the incomprehensible into
something understandable.
Types Tips:
Use larger fonts. Avoid decorative
fonts. Separate the transparencies using
Overhead Transparencies: sheets of paper.
Flip charts:
GUIDELINES TO MAKE EFFECTIVE USE OF VISUAL AIDS:
• Emphasize the visual aids. Point to them with bodily actions and with words.
• Don’t talk about the visual aids after you have put it aside.
• Be familiar with the basic operations of the electronic devices which you would use for
your presentations.
Tips:
Use larger fonts. Avoid decorative fonts. Separate the transparencies
using sheets of paper.
Keep transparencies uncluttered.
Show only the required information.
Don’t add multiple colors or exciting backdrops to your slides.
Use pointer on the screen, or your pencil or pen on the transparency
to draw audience’s attention to a specific item.
Familiarize yourself with the operation of the overhead projector.
Be ready with your notes in case of power failures.
Check the computer system before loading.
Familiarize yourself with the operation of the slides.
Transfer your file to the hard disk.
Be familiar with the operation of slide show.
Rehearse your presentation.
Keep a printed copy of the slides for use in case of computer malfunction.
Clean the board well before starting and check the condition of the marker.
Write in large sheets.
Stand to the side as you write
Don’t face the board while talking to the audience.
Divide the board into columns and write legibly.
Keep contents which you may want to refer to again.
Use different colored markers.
Keep two pads of paper.
Write in large letters.
Use only one side of the chart.
Wait for the audience to grasp the contents before turning pages.
UNIT IV
DEFINITIONS
INSTRUCTIONS
Write a set of eight instructions that must be followed when operating
a computer.
(Imperative Form direct instructions.)
1. First switch on the computer.
2. Next enter the user name and the password.
3. Then select the operating system option.
4. Click the start button.
5. Click the program me.
6. Select the required program me.
7. After finishing the work close all the files.
8. Finally switch off the system.
(Imperative Form)
1. Keep the fire extinguishers ready.
2. Don’t burn anything inside the shamiana or pandal.
3. Check whether the structure is strong.
4. Don’t keep any highly inflammable items inside.
5. Check whether the electrical wires do not touch the structure.
6. Don’t allow anyone to smoke inside.
7. Nominate one or two persons exclusively for checking the safety arrangements.
8. Don’t put any enclosures.
(Imperative Form)
1. Arrange a garden with flower plants and fruit trees.
2. Make proper rainwater harvesting structures.
3. Whitewash the house periodically.
4. Maintain the electrical systems and the motors properly.
5. Don’t strike nails on the walls.
6. Chlorinate the well water periodically.
7. Fix warning alarms to check encroachers.
8. Clean the floors regularly with anti infectant liquids.
(Imperative Form)
(Imperative Form)
1. First wash the pipette well before use.
2. Then rinse the pipette twice before filling it up with the solution
to be measured.
3. Always use the fore finger and not the thumb for closing its upper end.
4. Don’t suck the solution too fast as it may go into the mouth.
5. Do not suck solutions of poisonous substances with mouth. Instead
use a pipette filter or burette.
6. Don’t blow off the last drop remaining in the pipette.
7. Don’t hold the pipette from the bulb as the body temperature may
extend the gas and introduce a volume error.
8. Always keep the pipette vertical.
(Imperative Form)
1. Occupy the seat before fifteen minutes.
2. Check whether the hall ticket and the identity card are taken with you.
3. Write the register number and other particulars.
4. Start answering the familiar questions.
5. Adjust the time for answering all the questions.
6. Underline the important points using a pencil.
7. Draw the diagrams neatly
8. Don’t write anything on the question paper.
(Imperative Form)
1. First analyze the problem.
2. Then analyze the requirement of the program.
3. Design the needed concept.
4. Develop the flow chart.
5. Write a coding to get input for getting the corresponding data.
6. Process the problems like arithmetic operations and other things.
7. After calculation produce output.
8. Finally display the output device.
(Imperative Form)
1. Lubricate the vehicle engine frequently to avoid friction.
2. Adapt yourself to the existing condition of the roads.
3. Never practice drunk and drive.
4. Don’t use mobile while driving.
5. Adhere to the traffic rules strictly.
6. Never involve in rash driving.
7. Create awareness among the public about the traffic rules.
8. Don’t show off your driving skills or out of sheer enthusiasm.
UNIT V
‘ W H ‘Questions
Frame Wh questions for the following statements..
1. They sent the letter.
2. He is working in HCL.
3. Hari and his mother like chess.
4. I shall finish the work tomorrow.
5. She likes visiting historical places.
6. I have written three novels.
7. My son studies well.
8. They have completed the course.
9. He will stay there for a week.
10. She prepared food.
LETTER WRITING
Letter of application
From
XXX,
YYY,
ZZZ.
To
The Manager,
Kothari Dalal Consultant Limited,
63, Mahatma Gandhi Salai ,
Nungambakam,
Chennai.
Sir,
Yours faithfully,
XXX.
Resume Of
R. Sathya,
224, Ambathur,
Chennaii-85.
Personal; Details
Date of birth :
Age
Marital Status :
Sex :
Nationality :
Educational Qualification
Work Experience
Activity 1
HCL requires software engineers (B.E/M.E only), with expertise in C,
C++, and VC++, for their overseas projects at its Chennai office.
Apply with your bio-data to HR Manager, HCL Ltd., Tharamani,
Chennaio-101. Knowledge of foreign language is an added advantage to
the candidate.
Activity 2.
Dalal Mott MacDonald, a part of MM Group of UK requires in-line
experienced personnel in the disciplines of
Chemical/Mechanical/Civil/Instrumentation/Electrical Engineering for
executing major products in Chennai city. Candidates must have 5-8
years of experience in the relevant branch and also completed
projects. Apply within 10 days to the HRD in charge 21, Abdul Razak
Road, Saidapet, Chennai-600 015.
Activity 3
Write an application to Senior Manager- Personnel, Videocon
International Ltd., 17th Floor, Mittal Court, C-Wing, Nariman Point,
and Mumbai-400 021 for the Assistant Manager.
Activity 4
Write a letter of application for the post of Junior Engineer with a
resume to the HRD Manager, Doshi Constructions Pvt Ltd., 14, Greams
Road, Chennai- 600 002.
Activity 5
Read the advertisement published in ‘The New Indian Express’ dated and
write a letter of application. Prepare the resume that needs to be
enclosed with the letter of application.
. Hundai a fifty Crore plus company, the leader in the
automobile industry requires the following personnel.
Deputy Manager, Desigh and Development.
Requirements: B,E/B.Tech graduates with 10 to 12 years of
experience in an industry.
Apply to : Human Resource Department
‘HUNDAI’ Auto Limited
14, West Bank Street,
M.M.Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist.
From
XXX,
YYY,
ZZZ.
To
The Indian Express,
Chennai.
Sir,
I request you to publish in your Daily the problems experienced by the
Commuters in the city buses.
The buses plying from KK.Nagar to Paris is always over crowded.
Passengers find it extremely difficult either to get into the buses or
get down. School children suffer a lot due to this problem. Hence it
is essential for operating more buses to solve this problem.Some of
the buses are not stopping at the regular bus stops. The passengers
are found running here and there to catch the buses. The careless
drivers and conductors are to be treated seriously and suitable
punishments given.
More ambitious of the collection incentive, the transport employees
allow more luggage causing severe inconvenience to the passengers. The
transport authorities should look into this matter immediately.
Another problem experienced by the commuters of our locality is that
most of the buses plying on our route are very bad in condition. The
travel becomes unpleasant causing utmost discomfort to ladies and
children. Hence immediate action is expected of the authorities to
introduce new and better buses on this route.
Yours faithfully,
XXX
Activity 1
Write a letter to the Editor of a Newspaper stating the problems of a
locality in extracting water through hand pumps and offering solutions
for the same.
Activity 2
Write a letter to the Editor of the ‘The Hindu’ Chennai-2 highlighting
the water pollution by industries in and around your locality.
Activity 3
Write a letter to the Editor of a Daily complaining the insanitary
conditions of your locality.
Activity 4
Write a letter to the Editor of a Daily about the bad conditions of the road.
Activity 5
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper explaining the need for
providing bright lamps in your street where there is no adequate
lighting for most part of the street.
Letter of Acceptance
Imagine yourself as the Vice Chancellor of Anna University, Chennai
expressing your consent to be the chief guest for the convocation day
of Kurinchi college of Engineering and Technology, Manapparai.
Date----
Dr. V.Ramesh,
Vice Chancellor,
Anna University,
Trichy.
To
Mr. R. Suresh ,
Kurinchi College of Engineering and Technology,
Manapparai.
621 307.
Activity 1
As Mr. Radhakrishnan , Inspector General, North Zone, Chennai, write
a letter to the sports Secretary of ARM College of Engineering and
Technology to be the Chief Guest for the Sports Day celebration.
Activity 2
Imagine yourself as Prof.K.Sheshadri Dean Tanca University expressing
your willingness to Mrs.N.S. Vijayalakshmi. Prof. Dept of English to
inaugurate the Debate Club of J.J.College of Engineering, Trichy.
Activity 3
Assume yourself as the Vice Chancellor of Anna University, Tirunelveli
and express your acceptance to inaugurate the Science Exhibition held
at Sivandhi Aditanar College of Engineering and Technology,
Tiruchendur.
Activity 4
Assume yourself as the Vice Chancellor of a University, Chennai,
expressing your consent to inaugurate the technical symposium
organized by the Dept of Computer Science, Govt. College of
Engineering, Salem.
Activity 5
Write a letter to Mr. R. Williams the Coordinator of the two-day
workshop organized by the Dept, of Mechanical Engineering, Arasu
Engineering College, Kumbakonam expressing your consent to be the
Chief Guest and to deliver the key note address. Assume yourself as
Prof. R.Karunanidhi, Principal, RVS Engineering College, Karaikal.
DECLINING LETTER
Assume yourself as Dr. V. Ramachandran , Vice Chancellor, Trichy and
decline the request to be the Chief Guest on the occasion of the
convocation day at Kurinchi College of Engineering & Technology,
Manapparai.
Date-______
Prof. V. Ramachandran
Vice Chancellor
Trichy.
Dear Sir,
I received your letter and felt happy that I have been invited to
deliver the convocation address at your institution. I had once come
to your institution when I was the Head of the Department and I still
remember the warm reception given to me.
On seeing your letter, I immediately decided to accept your
invitation. But unfortunately I am held up on that date because of the
Senate Meeting at the university campus. If it is convenient for you
please have it next week or I may be invited for the next convocation.
Inconvenience regretted.
Yours sincerely,
Vice- Chancellor.
To
The Principal,
Kurinchi College of Engineering & Technology,
Manapparai,
621 307.
Activity 1
Assume yourself as Dr.P.Mannar, Jawahar, the Vice Chancellor of
Chennai and write a declining letter for the request made to you to
inaugurate the Technical Symposium organized by the Dept, of Computer
Science and Engineering, Sri Nandhanam College of Engineering and
Technology, Tirupattur.
Activity 2
Write a declining letter assuming yourself as Dr.S.Kaliappan
Vice-Chancellor Tirunelveli the you are not in a position to go over
to inaugurate the Science Exhibition held at Sivanthi Adhithanar
Engineering College, Tuticorin.
Activity 3
Write a declining letter assuming yourself as Mr. K.Radhakrishnan,
Inspector General, North Zone, Chennai expressing your difficulty to
attend the Sports Day Function at ARM College of Engineering and
Technology, Maraimalai Nagar.
Activity 4
Assume yourself as Prof.K. Chandran, Dean, School of Humanities and
Sciences, Chennai, and write a declining letter stating that you are
not able to go over to Sri Nandhanam College of Engineering and
Technology, Tirrupattur to inaugurate the ‘Debate Club’.
Activity 5
Write a declining letter assuming yourself as Dr. Kumaran, Principal,
SS Engineering College, Karaikal that due to unavoidable work you are
not able to participate in the inauguration of the two day workshop at
Arasu Engineering College, Theni.
PERMISSION LETTER
Write a letter to your Principal requesting him to permit you to go on
an industrial visit.
Date______
From
S. Rakesh,
Dept, of Computer Science and Engineering,
Third Year
Kurinchi College of Engineering and Technology.
To
The Principal
Kurinchi College of Engineering and Technology.
Sir,
Sub: Requesting permission for an industrial visit-regarding.
This is to inform you that the third year students of
Mechanical Engineering wish to go on an industrial visit to Ashok
Leyland, Hosur on______