Basic Electrical Measurement

BASIC ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT
Selni Sandabunga ', Nurul Aisyah Wahdah, Maurizka Amaliah, Nur Aliyah
Ibrahim
ICP A CHEMICAL
Abstract
Measurements have been carried out experiments in electricity. This experiment aims to
investigate the relationship between voltage and electric current in a simple circuit and calculate
the barriers a resistor. In these experiments the tools and materials used is a DC power supply,
basic meter, rheostat, connecting cables, and barriers. The essence of the experiment is the
relationship between voltage, current, and electrical resistance. In this experiment, the applicable
law and the formula ohm ohm's law in effect at that reads the current in a wire segment is
proportional to the potential difference across segment. For materials that satisfies Ohm's law does
not depend on the flow resistance, the voltage falls on a segment comparable with flow: V = IR,
with R = constant. From the experimental results of basic electrical measurements can be
concluded that a voltage proportional to the strong currents, so if the voltage increased, the strong
electric current will also increase.
Keywords: current, electrical resistance, and voltage
PROBLEM FORMULATION
1. How is the relationship between voltage and current in a simple circuit?

2. How to calculate the obstacles a resistor?
PURPOSE
1. Investigate ties between voltage and current in a simple circuit

2. Calculate the barriers a resistor
EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY
Brief Theory
In our study of conductors in electrostatic (basic physics), there is

argued that the electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium
condition must be zero. Otherwise, the free charges in the conductor will
move. Now we suppose a situation where the charge is moving freely in the
conductor. That is, the conductor is not in a state of electrostatic equilibrium.
Currents in the conductor generated by the electric charge in a conductor
when a pushing force on the free charges. Because the E field in the direction
of the force on a positive charge, and because of the current direction is the
direction of the flow of positive charge, the direction of the flow direction of
the electric field. Figure 3.1 shows a wire segment of length  L and cross
section A which carries current I.
L
A
I
a E b
Figure 3.1. Segment representation wire carrying current I
Because the direction of the electric field of the higher potential areas
to the lower potential region, the potential at point A is greater than at point b.
Assume that  L is small enough so that we can assume that the electric field
across the segment is constant, the potential difference V between points a
and b are
V = V a - V b = E  L [5.1]
For most materials,
"The current in a wire segment is proportional to the potential difference across

segments"
The experimental results are known as Ohm's Law. Written proportionality

constant 1 / R, where R is called resistance:
1 V
I V or R  [5.2]
R R
The above equation provides a general definition of the resistance between

two points in terms of a decrease in the voltage V between two points. The SI unit
of resistance, volts per ampere, called ohms  1  = 1 V / A.
The resistance of a material depends on the length, cross-sectional area,
the type of material, and temperature. For materials that comply with Ohm's law
does not depend on the flow resistance; Such materials, like most metals, called
ohmic material. For ohmic material, the voltage falls on a segment proportional
to the flow:
V = IR, with R = constant
This equation with the qualification that R kostan, providing a mathematical

statement of Ohm's law. This law is not a fundamental law of nature such as
Newton's laws or the laws of thermodynamics but an empirical description of the
properties owned by a lot of material.
Tools and Materials
Tool
1. Power Supplay DC
2. Basic Meter
3. Rheostat
4. Cable Link
Material
1. Obstacle
Identification Variables
Activity 1.
1. Variables control : Voltage DC power supply

2. Variables manipulation : Position rheostat
3. Variables response : Voltage, strong current electricity
Variable Operational Definition
Activity 1.
1. Voltage DC power supply, is great the resulting voltage the DC power
supply on trial here you are.
2. Position rheostat, is experiment this do with way move position rheostat of
position maximum to position minimum, and three position the other, it
mentioned done so that we get great tension and strong different currents.
3. - Voltage, is difference potential electricity on circuit, which in experiment
this we observe through appointment needle the basic meter.
- Strong currents, is the amount of electric charge through the circuit,

which in this experiment we observe through the appointment of a needle
on the basic meter.
Working Procedure
Activity 1
1. Prepare tool and necessary materials and assemble.
Rheostat
Vs
A V
2. Before turning on the power supply, voltmeters and ammeters ascertained

installation is at the highest position of the limit measure to avoid damage
3. Turn on the power supply and voltmeters and ammeters appointment
notice.
4. Shifts Rheostat on position maximum. If needle tool measuring deviate too
small, the limit measuring lowered to appointment deviate enough far
(approaching value maximum).
5. Shifting back Rheostat the minimum position. Voltmeters and ammeters
designation read on the position and record observations on the
observation table
6. Increase tension source with Rheostat shift until the voltmeter shows value
great and read appointment ammeters.
7. Do activities (6) with changing linear up obtained 10 (ten) measurement
data.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS
Observations
The value of R = 56 Ω
Voltmeter NST = 10 volts / 50 scale = 0.2 volts
Ammeter NST = 100 mA / 50 scale = 2 mA = 0.002 A
Table 1. Table The relationship between voltage and Strong Electric Current
No. Voltage (V) Strong Current (A)
1 |1,2 |0,019
2 |1,4 |0,022
3 |1,6 |0,027
4 |2,1 |0,034
5 |3,0 |0,048
6 |3,2 |0,058
7 |3,6 |0,060
8 |4,2 |0,070
9 |4,4 |0,074
10 |5,6 |0,098
Data Analysis
Strong relationship between voltage

and currents
7
6 y = 56.76x + 0.1636
R² = 0.9976
5
4
voltage
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Strong Electric Current
SSV Voltage in graphic = V
SSV Current in graphic = A

= 3,4 V
= 0,0585 A
= 58,11 Ω
= 2 . 0,2 V
= 0,4 V
(4 important number)
PF = |R± R| Ω
= |58,11 ± 0,25| Ω
DISCUSSION
In practice this is about basic electrical measurements, we pay attention

and observe the voltage and current in a simple circuit and look how big
obstacles contained in the electrical circuit .As for the equations used to
calculate the barrier, the equation is:
R=V/I
where: R = the resistance (Ω)
V = voltage (Volt)
I = strong electric current (Amperes)

After the experiment obtained data analysis showed that the relative
uncertainty (KR) is only 0.4%, which means the value of such barriers is not
so much the actual resistance value is 56 ohms. Based on the graph, it can be
said that the greater the voltage is used, the greater the strong electrical
currents. So, voltage, electric current strong very big influence on the
electrical resistance.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
Conclusion
Power supply voltage (voltage) is the electrical potential difference

between two points in an electric circuit. Strong electric current is the
amount of electric wire passing through a conductor wire (conductor) every
time. Electrical resistance is the ratio between the voltage in an electronic
component (eg resistor) with an electric current passing through it. The
relationship between the voltage with a strong electric current, which is the
greater of the voltage electrical stronger the greater the electrical current.
The relationship between voltage, strong electrical currents, and the
electrical resistance, that is the greater the electrical voltage and stronger the
greater the electrical current generated obstacles.
Discussion
In this experiment requires great care in assembling and make sure the
circuit is coupled with good before turning on the power supply. In
collecting the data necessary to ensure data accuracy we take in accordance
with the experimental results.
REFERENCES
Halliday, David dan Resnick, Robert. 1999. Fisika Jilid 2 Edisi

Kelima (Terjemahan). Jakarta: Erlangga.
Tipler, Paul A. 2001. Fisika untuk Sains dan Teknik Edisi Kedua
Jilid 2 (Terjemahan). Jakarta: Erlangga.

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BASIC ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT

Keywords: current, electrical resistance, and voltage

1. How is the relationship between voltage and current in a simple circuit?

1. Investigate ties between voltage and current in a simple circuit

In our study of conductors in electrostatic (basic physics), there is

Figure 3.1. Segment representation wire carrying current I

For most materials,

"The current in a wire segment is proportional to the potential difference across

The experimental results are known as Ohm's Law. Written proportionality

The above equation provides a general definition of the resistance between

V = IR, with R = constant

This equation with the qualification that R kostan, providing a mathematical

Tools and Materials

1. Variables control : Voltage DC power supply

Variable Operational Definition

- Strong currents, is the amount of electric charge through the circuit,

1. Prepare tool and necessary materials and assemble.

2. Before turning on the power supply, voltmeters and ammeters ascertained

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS

Voltmeter NST = 10 volts / 50 scale = 0.2 volts

Ammeter NST = 100 mA / 50 scale = 2 mA = 0.002 A

No. Voltage (V) Strong Current (A)

Strong relationship between voltage

SSV Voltage in graphic = V

SSV Current in graphic = A

In practice this is about basic electrical measurements, we pay attention

where: R = the resistance (Ω)

I = strong electric current (Amperes)

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

Power supply voltage (voltage) is the electrical potential difference

Halliday, David dan Resnick, Robert. 1999. Fisika Jilid 2 Edisi

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