CVD Case Study
CVD Case Study
CVD Case Study
INTRODUCTION
A stroke is caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain, usually
because a blood vessel bursts or is blocked by a clot. This cuts off the supply of
oxygen and nutrients, causing damage to the brain tissue.
The effects of a stroke depend on which part of the brain is injured and how
severely it is affected. A very severe stroke can cause sudden death.
The 1990 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study provided the first global estimate
on the burden of 135 diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases ranked as the
second leading cause of death after ischemic heart disease.
During the past decade the quantity of especially routine mortality data has
increased, and is now covering approximately one-third of the
world’s population. The increase in data availability provides the possibility for
updating the estimated global burden of stroke.
Data on causes of death from the 1990s have shown that cerebrovascular
diseases remain a leading cause of death.
In 2001 it was estimated that cerebrovascular diseases (stroke) accounted for 5.5
million deaths world wide, equivalent to 9.6 % of all deaths Two-thirds of these
deaths occurred in people living in developing
countries and 40% of the subjects were aged less than 70 years.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
1. To be able to discuss the effect, signs and symptoms of the disease,
Cerebrovascular Disease.
2. How to diagnose, prevent and the treatment should the nurse give for the
patient full recovery.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. To be able to discuss patients background ( lifestyle, history of the past
illness, family health history) to show how may this effect on the
occurrence of this disease.
2. To be able to discuss the anatomy and the physiology of the heart, for
you to be able to understand where the infection takes place.
3. To be able to discuss the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases
and also to know and understand the etiology of the disease.
4. To be able to discuss the patient activities of daily living. To know if
there’s a factor that triggers the disease
5. To be able to discuss, nursing care plan for our patient.
6. To be able to discuss, the medication / drugs that the patient taken and
the diagnostic test that being perform for the patient.
7. Lastly, to be able to discuss our discharge plan for fully recovery of our
patient.
A. VITAL SIGNS
B. HEAD
Pink papillary conjunctiva, no nuchal rigidity and no carotid bruit.
C. NEUROLOGIC STATUS
-Oriented to time, person and place.
CN I- can smell
CN II- (2-3) ERTL
CN III, IV, VI- EDM, intact
CN V- (+) corneal reflex
CN VII- no facial asymmetry
CN IX- (+) gag reflex
CN XI- can shrug shoulder
CN XII- tongue at midline
D. PULMONARY SYSTEM
E. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
Flabby, NaBS, no abdominal bruit, (-) edema,(-) cyanosis.
F. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
The patient manifested good posture and moved
voluntarily; he had symmetrical musculature on both sides of the
body. Weakness was noted.
Laboratory Findings
1. GRAM STAIN
Specimen: Sputum
Gram ( - ) cocci
singly:
Gram ( + ) cocci
Short chain:
Gram ( + ) cocci in
Few
large chain:
Pus cells:
Epithelial cells:
2. URINALYSIS Few
Macroscopic
Color:
Transparency:
Microscopic Few
RBC: 2-4/010
Pus cells:
Bacteria: +1
Epithelial cells:
Mucus threads:
Amonphous unates:
3. HbAlC:
4. Glucose:
5. LIPID PROFILE
Cholesterol: Light yellow
Triglycerides:
HDL cholesterol: SL. Turbid
LDL cholesterol:
Na:
K:
Ca:
Cl:
SGPT: 4-6/HPF
0-2/HPF
6. HEMATOLOGY Few
PT:
Control:
INR:
7. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Few
S.G:
pH: Few
nitri:
protein: Few
glucose:
ketone: 12.2%
urobilinogen:
7.36mmol/L 7.2 – 6.2
bilirubin:
4.22 – 6.11
blood:
leukocyte:
5.10mmol/L
0.70
1.24
3.54
137
4.3
1.36
98
41U/L
Male: up to
40U/L
Female: up to
31U/L
15.31
12 – 15sec
14.1
1.35
1.010
6.5
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
+1
(-)
5:30 am
1. Capillary Blood
Glucose:
2. Head CT scan: 142 80 – 120mg/dl
-shows a low
attenuation focus on
the left occipital
lobe
Consistent with a
recent infarction
-mild cortical
atrophy is
demonstrated
1.33 1.15-1.29
100 96-110
Three cavities, called the primary brain vesicles, form during the early
embryonic development of the brain. These are the forebrain
(prosencephalon), the midbrain (mesencephalon), and the hindbrain
(rhombencephalon).
The metencephalon generates the pons portion of the brain stem and
the cerebellum.
The deeper fissures divide the cerebrum into five lobes (most named
after bordering skull bones)—the frontal lobe, the parietal love, the
temporal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the insula. All but the insula are
visible from the outside surface of the brain.
The pons is the bulging region in the middle of the brain stem.
The medulla oblongata (medulla) is the lower portion of the
brain stem that merges with the spinal cord at the foramen
magnum.
The limbic system is a network of neurons that extends over a wide range of
areas of the brain. The limbic system imposes an emotional aspect to
behaviors, experiences, and memories. Emotions such as pleasure, fear,
anger, sorrow, and affection are imparted to events and experiences. The
limbic system accomplishes this by a system of fiber tracts (white matter) and
gray matter that pervades the diencephalon and encircles the inside border
of the cerebrum. The following components are included:
The fornix (a bundle of fiber tracts that links components of the limbic
system)
VII. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Modifiable factors:
Smoking
hypertension
Embolus that
vasospasm dislodge
disrupted
Cerebrovascular
disease
Dizziness, stiffening of
extremeties, and non projectile
vomiting
Date/Shift Approach/Intervention
- Lab:
- UO drained- 1000cc
- endorsed
- urinalysis-TF as endorsed
Out
informed
TID given
- adequate UO
- no complaints
- needs attended
- endorsed
- assess; BP 170/100
- on CTscan-TF
- urinalysis, creatinine
- CBG monitoring q 12
- needs attended
- endorsed
07/15/09
- endorsed
- for SGOT
- (-)gag reflex
- with FC to urobag
4ml q 6
- refer prn
- no BM, afebrile
- endorsed
- sputum GS/CS-TF
- CBG monitoring q 12
- no BM, afebrile
- refer prn
- needs attended
- endorsed
07/16/09
- for 2Decho
- needs attended
- endorsed
- for 2Decho
Carried out
- needs attended
- endorsed
07/17/09
- possible TPOC
- BP: 140/80mmHg
- endorsed
- for CTscan-TF
- refer prn
- endorsed
- for 2Decho
- (-)BM, afbrile
- needs attended
- endorsed
07/18/09
- 2Decho
- sputum GS/CS
-endorsed
-Encouraged her not to carry heavy loads and do not force herself too much in
doing household chores. Encouraged patient to limit number of hours in playing
domino.
D- advised patient to eat nutritional foods like fruits and vegetables. Eat a well
balanced diet. Instructed patient to limit eating foods high in fats and with
cholesterols. And also avoid salty foods.