CISSP Sec Cheat Sheet
CISSP Sec Cheat Sheet
CISSP Sec Cheat Sheet
Ports
Port Use
21 FTP – usually in DMZ
22 SSH
23 Telnet
25 SMTP
49 TACACS
53 DNS
67 & 68 DHCP
80 HTTP
110 POP3
143 IMAP4
161 SNMP
389 & 636 LDAP
443 HTTPS / SSL
UDP 1701 L2TP
TCP 1723 PPTP
Integrity - Assuring the recipient that a message has not been altered in transit. Audit Log - A collection of information that includes login, file access, other various
ensures all data is sequenced, and numbered. activities, and actual or attempted legitimate and unauthorized violations
PPTP only works over IP. VLAN - originally designed to decrease broadcast traffic but is also beneficial in
Asymmetric encryption scheme relies on both the sender and receiver to use reducing the likelihood of having information compromised by sniffers
different keys to encrypt and decrypt messages. Encryption and authentication can Active detection IDS systems may break off suspicious connections or shut down
take place without sharing private keys. encrypt symmetric keys the server or service
The integrity of a cryptographic system is considered compromised if the private CRL and OCSP - two common methods when using a public key infrastructure for
key is disclosed. maintaining access to servers in a network
WTLS (W ireless Transport Layer Security) provides privacy, data integrity and IPSec Provides the Authentication Header (AH) for data integrity and Encapsulation
authentication for handles devices in a wireless network environment. Security Payload (ESP) for data confidentiality.
File encryption using symmetric cryptography satisfies authentication TCP SYN scan - used to see what ports are in a listening state and then performs a
The primary DISADVANTAGE of symmetric cryptography is key distribution. two way handshake
SYN Flood - A network attack that misuses TCP’s (Transmission Control Protocol) NAT (Network Address Translation) can be accomplished with static and hide NAT
three way handshake to overload servers and deny access to legitimate users. (Network Address Translation) and PAT (Port Address Translation)
When a user digitally signs a document an asymmetric algorithm is used to encrypt Due care - Policies and procedures intended to reduce the likelihood of damage or
hash results injury
Least privilege – need to know security basis. Business impact analysis - obtain formal agreement on maximum tolerable
Applying ingress filtering to routers is the best method to prevent ip spoofing downtime
attacks. Documenting change levels and revision information is most useful for Disaster
MD5 (Message Digest 5) - A common algorithm used to verify the integrity of data recovery
from a remote user through a the creation of a 128-bit hash from a data input worm is able to distribute itself without using a host file
Worms are self replicating, Trojans are not. Single servers are frequently the targets of attacks because they contain
Message authentication codes are used to provide integrity. credentials for many systems and users
False positive - Incorrectly detecting authorized access as an intrusion or attack. Multi-factor authentication may be needed when a stored key and memorized
ICMP quoting - W hat fingerprinting technique relies on the fact that operating password are not strong enough and additional layers of security is needed
systems differ in the amount of information that is quoted when ICMP (Internet VPN Drawback - a firewall CAN NOT inspect encrypted traffic
Control Message Protocol) errors are encountered man trap - physical access control most adequately protects against physical
SSL - protocol typically used for encrypting traffic between a web browser and web piggybacking
server. Available in 40 and 128 bit encryption. LDAP directories are arranged as Trees
IPSec - a popular VPN (Virtual Private Network) protocol operating at OSI (Open Data integrity is best achieved using a Message digest
Systems Interconnect) model Layer 3. minimum length of a password be to deter dictionary password cracks 8
Digital signatures provide authentication and non-repudiation - not confidentiality. CRL certificates that have been disabled before their scheduled expiration.
DAC (Discretionary Access Control) relies only on the identity of the user or logging - to keep a record of system usage
process. Each object has an owner, which has full control over the object Security controls may become vulnerabilities in a system unless they are
Access controls that are created and administered by the data owner adequately tested
MAC - Access controls based on security labels associated with each data item and RBAC Access control decisions are based on responsibilities that an individual user
each user. use levels of security to classify users and data or process has in an organization
DEN is not inferior to SNMP The start of the LDAP directory is called the root
Kerberos - Time synchronization services for clients and servers.. HAS encryption - 128 bits.
A malformed MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) header can cause an SSLv3.0 (Secure Sockets Layer version 3.0) added the ability to force client side
email server to crash. authentication via digital certificates
Passive detection – analyzing log files after an attack begins. virus - replication mechanism, activation mechanism and objective
the best defense against man in the middle attacks is strong encryption, auth Hashed passwords subject to man in the middle attacks
Systems identified in a formal risk analysis process should be included in a disaster *The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol uses both asymmetric and symmetric
recover plan. key exchange. Use asymmetric keys for the SSL handshake. During the handshake,
Certificate policy - A PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) document that serves as the the master key, encrypted with the receiver public passes from the client to the
vehicle on which to base common interoperability standards and common assurance server. The client and server make their own session keys using the master key.
criteria on an industry wide basis. The session keys encrypt and decrypt data for the remainder of the session.
Buffer overflow – sends more traffic to a node than anticipated. Symmetric key exchange occurs during the exchange of the cipher specification, or
Differential backup methods copies only modified files since the last full backup encryption level.
IM is a peer-to-peer network that offers most organizations virtually no control over PKI technical solution for reducing the threat of a man in the middle attack
it. Most vulnerable to sniffing CRL (Certificate Revocation List) query that receives a response in near real time
Decentralized privilege management environment, user accounts and passwords does not guarantee that fresh data is being returned.
are stored on each individual server. multi-homed firewall If the firewall is compromised, only the systems in the DMZ
A FTP bounce attack is generally used to establish a connection between the FTP (The main purpose of digital certificates is to bind a public key to the entity that holds
server and another computer the corresponding private key
Network Based IDS - a system for an internal network that will examine all packets One of the factors that influence the lifespan of a public key certificate and its
for known attack signatures. associated keys is the Length of the asymmetric hash.
Ping of Death Attack A network attack method that uses ICMP (Internet Control In order for a user to obtain a certificate from a trusted CA (Certificate Authority), the
Message Protocol) and improperly formatted MTUs (Maximum Transmission Unit) to user must present proof of identity and a Public key
crash a target computer What is the primary DISADVANTAGE of a third party relay Spammers can utilize the
By SSO, the authentication problem of multiple usernames and passwords is relay.
addressed, browse multiple directories The greater the keyspace and complexity of a password, the longer a attack may
PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) - the best technical solution for reducing the threat of take to crack the password brute force
a man in the middle attack The W AP (Wireless Application Protocol) programming model is based on the
Security controls may become vulnerabilities in a system unless they are following three elements Client, gateway, original server
adequately tested. What is a good practice in deploying a CA (Certificate Authority create a CPS
The standard encryption algorithm based on Rijndael is known as AES. (Certificate Practice Statement).
misuse detection - Management wants to track personnel who visit unauthorized What is the default transport layer protocol and port number that SSL (Secure
web sites. Sockets Layer) uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) transport layer protocol
Hosting included in a SLA (Service Level Agreement) to ensure the availability of and port 443
server based resources rather than guaranteed server performance levels What has 160-Bit encryption? SHA-1
SSL uses an asymmetric key and operates at the session layer Which of the following is typically included in a CRL certificates that have been
RAID supports High Availability disabled before their scheduled expiration
Common Criteria - The defacto IT (Information Technology) security evaluation DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) is most commonly accomplished by multiple
criteria for the international community servers or routers monopolizing and over whelming the bandwidth of a particular
Crime scene technician - Tag, bag, and inventory evidence server or router.
IMAP4 requires port to be open 143
Extranet - allows a business to securely transact with other businesses During the digital signature process, hashing provides a means to verify what
Controlling access to information systems and associated networks is necessary security requirement data integrity
for the preservation of their Confidentiality, integrity and availability (Their CIA) File encryption using symmetric cryptography satisfies what security requirement
dual key pair - Using distinct key pairs to separate confidentiality services from Authentication
integrity services to support non-repudiation Which authentication protocol could be employed to encrypt passwords CHAP
Single Loss Expectancy - SLE - is the cost of a single loss when it occurs - (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)
compiling estimates on how much money the company could lose if a risk occurred When User A applies to the CA (Certificate Authority) requesting a certificate to
one time in the future. allow the start of communication with User B, User A must supply the CA (Certificate
Non-repudiation is generally used to prevent the sender or the receiver from Authority) with User A’s public key only
denying that the communication between them has occurred Demilitarized Zone) are exposed
Confidentiality - The protection of data against unauthorized access or disclosure A common algorithm used to verify the integrity of data from a remote user through a
Firewall to allow employees in the company to DL FTP – set outbound port 23 the creation of a 128-bit hash from a data input is MD5 (Message Digest 5)
allowed
SYN Attack – exploits in the hand shaking