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Verband der
5
Automobilindustrie
Quality Management in
the Automotive Industry
Capability of Measurement Processes

Capability of Measuring Systems
Capability of Measurement Processes
Expanded Measurement Uncertainty
Conformity Assessment
Figures
nd
2 completely revised edition 2010, updated July 2011
1
L specification phase
measurement uncertainty UMP
U (construction)
Chapter 3.2 - Figure 1 - Page 22

non-conformance conformance zone non-conformance
increasing
zone zone
verification
uncertainty uncertainty phase
range range (production)
work piece tolerance

outside the within the tolerance outside the
tolerance tolerance
Figure 1: Uncertainty ranges and conformance or non-conformance zones

3
4
Evaluation
Man Object Environment
Method
Material Mathemat. Pressure

models Voltage
Motivation
Qualification Elect ricity
Shape Measurement Temperature
value composition
Illumination
Physical
constitution Computer Humidit y
Discipline Surface Vibrations
applicat ion
Psychical Statistical Soiling
constitution Accessibility
Care method
Measurement
Sensibility
Result
contact-free Calibration/ Surf ace
Measuring range justification Stability texture
tactile touch Time/cost random measurement Type of master
deviations Shape
Measuring points Stability Location Shape/Position

not recorded bias
layout
Capacity
Measuring Position Measurement stability
Setting uncertainty
points total Resolution
Measurement Gage Mounting

Master
Procedure Fixture
Figure 5: Important influences on the uncertainty of measurement results

Figure 7: Flow chart for assessing the capability of measurement processes
5
6
Q MP 50% 40% 30%

4,00

3,80
3,60
3,40
3,20
3,00
2,80
2,60
20%
real C value 2,40
2,20
10%
2,00
1,80
1,72
1,60
1,40
1,20
1,00
0,80
0,60
0,40
0,20
0,00
0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,10 1,20 1,30 1,40 1,50 1,60 1,70 1,80 1,90 2,00
1,33 1,67
observed C value
Figure 9: Display of the real C-value as a function of the observed C-value subject to QMP
Measurement System Capability
no Use measurement system with a

%RE 5%TOL
sufficiently high resolution
yes
yes
MPE known
and accepted?
no
no yes
Linearity uLIN
known?
Prepare trial Prepare trial document MPE
minimum 3 reference standards, 1, 2, or 3 reference standards,

repeat measurements repeat measurements
 UCALi  UCALi 
uCAL = max   uCAL = max  
 2   2 
{ }
from ANOVA:
uEVR = max sgi
uEVR (pure error deviation)
from ANOVA:  Bi 
uBi = max  i 
uLin (lack-of-fit deviation)  3
uMS see table 12
2 ⋅ UMS 2 ⋅ UMS
UMS = k ⋅ uMS QMS = ⋅ 100% TOLMIN -UMS = ⋅ 100%
TOL QMS _ max
Measurement system yes no Measurement system

QMS QMS_max not capable
capable
Figure 10: Measuring system capability analysis
7
Chapter 5.2.2.2 - Figure 15 - Page 62
Figure 15: Diagram of an analysis of variance
8
Chapter 5.2.2.2 - Figure 16 - Page 63
a.)
b.) c.)
Figure 16: a.) Value chart of the residuals

b.) Residuals plotted on a probability plot
c.) Residuals plotted on fitted values
9
Measurement Process Capability
Measurement no Measurement system not

system capable? capable
yes
Determination of uncertainty components

not considered in the experiment
Method B: i.e. uOBJ, uT
Determination of uncertainty components

considered in the experiment
Method A: uEVO, uAV, uGV, uIAi from ANOVA
uSTAB (possibly uOBJ)
2
uMP = uCAL
2 2
{
+ max uEVO 2
, uEVR 2
, uRE }
+ uBI2 + uLI2 N
+u AV
2
+ uGV
2
+ uSTAB
2
+ uT2 + uOBJ
2
+ ∑ uIAi
2
+ uRES
2
T
UMP = k ⋅ uMP 2 ⋅ UMP 2 ⋅ UMP

QMP = ⋅ 100% TOLMIN -UMP = ⋅ 100%
TOL QMP _ max
no Measurement process not

QMP QMP_max
capable
yes
Measurement process capable
Figure 19: Measurement process capability analysis
10
Chapter 9.3.1 - Figure 23 - Page 91
Figure 23: Value chart plotting all reference values and the calculated uncertainty range
11
Annex B - Figure 24 - Page 98
Figure 24: Determining the standard uncertainty from temperature uT
12
Annex E - Figure - Page 108
display
real
ideal y = x
0 measured value
13
display
real
ideal y = x
2. reinforcement
set gradient
1. set zero point

0 measured value
14
display
real
ideal y = x
0 L U measured value
15
Annex F.1 - Figure - Page 111
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Operator B
No. of
repetitions Result Result Result

mixed
Result
Operator A Result
mixed
Result
Operator B
No. of
repetitions Result Result Result

mixed
Result
Operator A Result
mixed
Result
29
Unsorted test results
30
Sorted test results
31
32

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What are the main factors that influence measurement uncertainty?

What are the main factors that influence measurement uncertainty?

What is the difference between measurement system capability and measurement process capability?

What is the difference between measurement system capability and measurement process capability?

Verband der

Capability of Measurement Processes

Chapter 3.2 - Figure 1 - Page 22

work piece tolerance

Figure 1: Uncertainty ranges and conformance or non-conformance zones

Chapter 4.1 - Figure 5 - Page 26

Measuring points Stability Location Shape/Position

Measurement Gage Mounting

Figure 5: Important influences on the uncertainty of measurement results

Figure 7: Flow chart for assessing the capability of measurement processes

Q MP 50% 40% 30%

Chapter 4.10 - Figure 9 - Page 46

Measurement System Capability

no Use measurement system with a

Prepare trial Prepare trial document MPE

minimum 3 reference standards, 1, 2, or 3 reference standards,

uMS see table 12

Measurement system yes no Measurement system

Figure 10: Measuring system capability analysis

Figure 15: Diagram of an analysis of variance

Figure 16: a.) Value chart of the residuals

Measurement Process Capability

Measurement no Measurement system not

Determination of uncertainty components

Determination of uncertainty components

UMP = k ⋅ uMP 2 ⋅ UMP 2 ⋅ UMP

no Measurement process not

Measurement process capable

Figure 19: Measurement process capability analysis

Figure 24: Determining the standard uncertainty from temperature uT

1. set zero point

Annex F.8 - Figure - Page 149

Annex F.8 - Figure - Page 150

Unsorted test results

Sorted test results

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