1 03 Ottobre 2015 Model Course On Advanced Training For Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations Secretariat PDF
1 03 Ottobre 2015 Model Course On Advanced Training For Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations Secretariat PDF
1 03 Ottobre 2015 Model Course On Advanced Training For Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations Secretariat PDF
SUMMARY
Executive summary: This document provides the draft of a revised model course on
Advanced Training for Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations
1 Attached in the annex is a draft revised model course on Advanced Training for
Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations.
2 As instructed by the Sub-Committee at its second session, this model course was
referred to the Correspondence Group coordinated by the United States, for further revision to
reflect closely the requirements of the 2010 Manila Amendments.
3 The Sub-Committee is invited to consider the above information and take action, as
appropriate.
***
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ANNEX
PART 1
MODEL
COURSE
1.03
ADVANCED TRAINING
FOR CHEMICAL TANKER
CARGO OPERATIONS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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Contents
Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4
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Introduction
Purpose of the model courses
The purpose of the IMO model course is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching
staff in organizing and introducing new training courses or in enhancing, updating or
supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training
courses may thereby be improved. The purpose is also to enhance the capabilities of
shipboard personnel who sail on specialized carriers such as a chemical tanker. It is not the
intention of the course to compartmentalize the trainee's way of thinking in terms of tanker
operation. The idea is to make him/her aware of the specialization of operations specific to a
chemical tanker and, sensitize him/her towards the responsibilities that he/she will have to
assume on such a vessel.
It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid
"teaching package" which they are expected to "follow blindly". Nor is it the intention to
substitute the instructor's presence by audio-visual or "programmed" material. As in all training
endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructors are the key components in
the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material.
For those following planned training schemes approved by the administration, it is intended
that this training may form an integral part of the overall training plan and be complementary
to other studies. The training may be undertaken in progressive stages; for such candidates,
it is not appropriate to specify the duration of the learning, provided achievement of the
specified learning outcomes is properly assessed and recorded.
Because educational systems and cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary
considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify
the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable
terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skills necessary
to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations.
By successfully completing this course the masters, officers and others on board chemical
tankers who are intending to have immediate responsibilities for the cargo handling in port and
care in transit will fulfil one of the mandatory minimum requirements of regulation V/1-1,
paragraph 5 of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended (STCW Convention). The coverage of the
model course is wide in scope and includes chemical tanker safety, fire safety measures and
systems, prevention and control of pollution, operational practice and obligations under
applicable laws and regulations, thereby covering all training necessary to apply the provisions
of Annex II of MARPOL, as amended. In addition, the course covers the managerial aspects
on board including a section on risk assessment and safety management, as well as
contingency planning in line with the ISM Code.
In order to keep the training programme up to date in future, it is essential that users provide
feedback. New information to be provided should include amended ISM Code requirements in
order to provide better training in safety at sea and protection of the marine environment.
Information, comments and suggestions should be sent to the Head of Maritime Training and
Human Element at IMO, London.
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Though lecture and demonstration time may be adjusted to better suit class and student needs
based on previous experience, care should be taken not to alter or abbreviate practical
assessments. As an advanced level course, these assessments establish trainee baseline
competency and represent the minimum knowledge required for the subject. The instructor,
using his/her professional judgment, can analyse the detailed syllabus and the academic
knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed. The instructor can then
design the appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic
knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate times
during the technical course.
This course is designed to strictly adhere to the requirements of the STCW Convention and
related Code, including the 2010 Manila amendments, and builds upon the knowledge and
skills included in the IMO Model Course 1.01 on "Basic training for oil and chemical tanker
cargo operations". The diagrams and learning objectives included in the basic course may also
be used to assist in the development of training material for the "Advanced training for chemical
tanker operations" course.
Adjustment of the course objective, scope and content may also be necessary if in a country's
maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from
the course objective specified in this model course.
Within the course plan, the course designers have indicated assessment of the time that should
be allotted to each area of learning. However, it must be appreciated that these allocations
assume that the trainees have fully met all entry requirements of the course. The instructor
should therefore review these assessments and may need to reallocate the time required to
achieve each specific learning objective or training outcome.
Aims
This course provides training to candidates to be duly qualified in accordance with
section A-V/1-1, paragraph 3 of the STCW Code and with specific duties for loading, unloading
and care in transit of chemical tanker cargoes. It comprises an advanced training programme
appropriate to their duties, including chemical tanker safety, fire safety measures, pollution
prevention, safe operational practices and obligations under applicable rules and regulations.
The course covers the competence requirements as given in table A-V/1-1-3 of the
STCW Code.
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Lesson plans
After adjusting the course content, if so required, to suit the trainee intake and any revision of
the course objectives, the instructor can then draw up lesson plans based on the detailed
syllabus. The detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching
material proposed to be used in the course. Where no adjustment has been found necessary
in the acquisition of knowledge and proficiency of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may
simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the
instructor in making his/her presentation of the material.
Presentation
The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until testing
and evaluating the trainee's performance and achievements satisfy the instructor that the
trainee has attained the required proficiency under each specific learning or training objective.
The syllabus is laid out in the form of acquiring knowledge, understanding and proficiency
(KUP) format and each objective specifies what the trainee must be able to demonstrate to
meet the learning or training objective. Holistically, these objectives aim to meet the
knowledge, understanding and proficiency specified in the appropriate tables of the STCW
Code.
Implementation
For the course to be effective considerable attention must be paid to the availability of:
Thorough preparation on part of the instructor is the key to successful implementation of the
course. IMO has published "Guidance on the Implementation of IMO Model Courses" which
can be considered for the development of course material.
In certain cases, the requirements for some or all of the training in a subject are covered by
another IMO model course. In these cases, the specific part of the STCW Code which applies
is given and the user is referred to the other model course.
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This training may be given on board or ashore. It can be supplemented by practical training on
board or wherever possible on simulators in training institutions or in a suitable shore-based
installation.
Objective
Those successfully completing the Advanced training in chemical tanker cargo operations
course should therefore meet the training requirements in accordance with regulation V/1-1 of
the STCW Convention, paragraph 6.3.
Entry standards
This course is open to any person who intends to have immediate responsibility for loading,
unloading, care in transit, handling of cargo, tank cleaning or other cargo-related operations
on chemical tankers. It comprises of seafarers who have qualified in accordance with
regulation V/1-1, paragraph 6.1 of the STCW Convention.
Course certificate
Upon successful completion of the course, the trainee should be issued a course completion
document for "Advanced training for chemical tanker cargo operations".
Staff requirements
The instructor shall have appropriate training in instructional techniques and training methods
(section A-I/6 STCW Code). It is recommended that all training and instruction is given by
qualified personnel experienced in the handling and characteristics of chemical cargoes and
the safety procedures involved. Staff may be recruited among deck officers and engineer
officers of chemical tankers, and/or fleet superintendents as appropriate.
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1. Resuscitator;
2. Breathing apparatus;
3. Portable oxygen meter;
4. Portable combustible-gas detector;
5. Portable tank scope / multi-point flammable gas (infrared gas analyser);
6. Portable toxic-gas detector and chemical absorption tubes;
7. Portable multi-gas detector;
8. Personal multi-gas detector; and
9. Tank evacuation equipment.
Due to the relatively high cost of obtaining and maintaining items 3 to 8 respective
Administrations may approve the use of simulator-based equipment to replace some or all of
the gas measuring equipment, provided that the training and competency assessments can
be thoroughly and accurately completed.
Use of Simulators
The STCW Convention and related Code set standards regarding the performance and use of
simulators for mandatory training, assessment or demonstration of competence. The general
performance standards for simulators used in training and for simulators used in assessment
of competence are given in section A-l/12 of the STCW Code. Simulator-based training and
assessment is not a mandatory requirement for this "Advanced training for chemical tanker
cargo operations" course. However, it is widely recognized that well-designed lessons and
exercises can improve the effectiveness of training.
If using simulator-based training, instructors should ensure that the aims and objective of these
sessions are defined within the overall training programme and that tasks are selected so as
to relate, as closely as possible, to shipboard tasks and practices. Instructors should refer to
section A-I/12, Parts 1 and 2.
Note: Some administrations may require additional training at sea or ashore to meet national
regulations.
Design
The core technical and academic knowledge, understanding and proficiency are set out in
table A-V/1-1-3 of the STCW Code, as shown below.
The content of the model course is designed to suit the instructors teaching this course to
facilitate optimum delivery and ensuring a high degree of consistency and adherence to the
STCW Convention and its related Code leading to certification in advanced training for
chemical tanker cargo operations.
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The flow of topics mentioned in the Detailed Teaching Syllabus (Part C) is thus reflecting how
the instructor should design the course and delivery and is for guidance only.
To show consistency and adherence to the STCW Convention and as given in table A-V/1-1-3
of the STCW Code, a mapping is provided below for ease of reference showing STCW
competencies and training outcomes and the topics covered in this model course.
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Table A-V/1-1-3 STCW Code and corresponding IMO Model course 1.03 topics
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R1 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 1974)
R2 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended (STCW Convention)
R3 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973
(MARPOL Convention)
R4 Inert Gas Systems (IG Systems )
R5 Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents involving Dangerous Goods
(MFAG)
R6 International Safety Management Code (ISM Code)
R7 International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code)
R8 International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying
Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code)
Textbooks (T)
Note: Other textbooks may be used as deemed fit by the instructor.
Bibliography (B)
B1 International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT). 5th ed.
[London, Witherby and Co. Ltd. (32/36 Aylesbury Street, London, EC1 R OET,
U.K),1996] (ISBN 1-85609-081-7)
B2 Basic Safe Tanker Handbook for Oil, Chemicals, LPG and LNG, Edition 2013
Capt. KSD Mistree, MEHEREX Publication, 21, Royal Accord IV,
Lokhandwala, Andheri (W), Mumbai - 400 053. India.
Tel.: 91 9821369865, Email: mkmistree@yahoo.co.in
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B3 Ship to Ship Transfer Guide for Petroleum, Chemicals and Liquefied Gases
(OCIMF, CDI, SIGGTO) Witherby Seamanship International Ltd
(ISBN 10: 1856095940)
B4 Drger-Tube Handbook, Drger-Tube Handbook 11th ed. (Drger
Sicherheitstechnik GmbH, Revalstrasse 1, D-23560 Lbeck, Germany, 1998)
(ISBN 3-926762-06-3)
B5 Measures to Prevent Accidental Pollution, INTERTANKO, Measures to
Prevent Accidental Pollution, 1990
B6 Code of Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seamen, Consolidated Edition
2010, Published for the Maritime and Coastguard Agency under licence from
the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (ISBN-978-0-11-553170-5).
B7 Tanker Management Self-Assessment, Witherby Publications,
32/36 Aylesbury Street London. www.witherbys.com ISBN 10: 1905331231
ISBN 13: 9781905331239
VC7 Videotel: Entry into enclosed spaces (edition 2) Code No: 682
VC8 Videotel: Personal safety on tankers (edition 2), Code No: 970
Available from: Videotel Marine International
84 Newman Street, London W1T 3EU, UK
Tel: +44(0) 20 72991800
Fax: +44(0) 207299 1818
Email: mail@videotelmail.com
URL: www.videotel.co.uk
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As far as possible, lectures should be presented within a familiar context and should make use
of practical examples. They should be well-illustrated with diagrams, photographs, charts
where appropriate, and be related to the matter trainees may have learned during seagoing
time.
Course Outline
The tables that follow list the competencies and areas of knowledge, understanding and
proficiency, together with the estimated total hours required for lectures and practical
exercises. There are seven competencies which are subdivided into 21 areas of knowledge,
understanding and proficiency.
Teaching staff should note that timings are suggestions only and should be adapted to suit
individual groups of trainees depending on their experience, ability, equipment and staff
available for training.
COURSE OUTLINE
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Notes
It is suggested that relevant topics which are marked with an asterisk (*) may be taught on a
simulator.
It is suggested that relevant topics which are marked with a hash (#) may be conducted
separately in any facility which can conduct practical exercises and instruction under approved
and truly realistic training conditions (e.g. simulated shipboard conditions).
Teaching staff should note that the hours for lectures and exercises are suggestions only as regards
sequence and length of time allocated to each objective. These factors may be adapted by lecturers to
suit individual groups of trainees depending on their experience, ability, equipment and staff available
for teaching.
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Course Timetable
The following timetable should be considered indicative and adjusted in accordance with the
needs of course participants. The topics should be covered, but with sufficient flexibility with
respect to extent and depth that takes into account the differing learning needs of the
participants.
Day 1 1.0 Knowledge of chemical tanker designs, systems, and equipment, including:
1.1* General arrangement and construction
1.2* Pumping arrangement and equipment
1.3* Tank construction and arrangement
1.4* Pipeline and drainage systems
1.5* Tank and cargo pipeline pressure and temperature control systems
and alarms
1.6* Gauging control systems and alarms
1.7* Gas-detecting systems
1.8* Cargo heating and cooling systems
1.9* Tank cleaning systems
1.10* Cargo tank environmental control systems
1.11* Ballast systems
1.12* Cargo area venting and accommodation ventilation
Day 2 1.13* Vapour return/recovery systems
1.14# Firefighting systems
1.15 Tank, pipeline and fittings' material and coatings
1.16 Slop management
13.0 Knowledge and understanding of the hazards and control measures
associated with chemical tanker cargo operations, including:
13.1 Flammability and explosion
13.2 Toxicity
13.3 Health hazards
13.4 Inert gas composition
13.5 Electrostatic hazards
13.6 Reactivity
13.7 Corrosivity
13.8 Low-boiling-point cargoes
13.9 High-density cargoes
13.10 Solidifying cargoes
13.11 Polymerizing cargoes
Day 3 11.0 Knowledge and understanding of the chemical and the physical properties
of noxious liquid substances
11.1 Chemical cargoes categories (corrosive, toxic, flammable, explosive)
11.2 Chemical groups and industrial usage
11.3 Reactivity of cargoes
12.0 Understanding the information contained in Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS)
2.0 Knowledge of pump theory and characteristics including types of cargo
pumps and their safe operation
3.0 Proficiency in tank safety culture and implementation of safety
management system
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Day 4 4.0 Knowledge and understanding of monitoring and safety systems including the
emergency shutdown system
7.0 Knowledge and understanding of chemical cargo-related operations
7.1* Loading and unloading plans
7.2* Ballasting and deballasting
Day 5 7.3* Tank cleaning operations / prewash operations
7.4* Tank atmosphere control
7.5* Inerting
7.6* Gas-freeing
7.7 Ship-to-ship transfers
7.8 Inhibition and stabilization requirements
7.9 Heating and cooling requirements and consequences to adjacent
cargoes
7.10 Cargo compatibility and segregation
7.11 High-viscosity cargoes
7.12 Cargo residue operations
Day 6 14.0 Knowledge and understanding of dangers of non-compliance with relevant
rules/regulations
7.13 Operational tank entry
8.0 Development and application of cargo-related operation plans, procedures
and checklists
9.0 Ability to calibrate and use monitoring and gas-detection systems,
instruments and equipment
10.0 Ability to manage and supervise personnel with cargo-related
responsibilities
Day 7 5.0 Ability to perform cargo measurements and calculations
6.0* Knowledge of the effect of bulk liquid cargoes on trim and stability and
structural integrity
15.0 Knowledge and understanding of safe working practices including risk
assessment and personal shipboard safety relevant to chemical tankers
15.1 Precautions to be taken when entering enclosed spaces including
correct use of different types of breathing apparatus
15.2 Precautions to be taken before and during repair and maintenance work
Day 8 15.3 Precautions for hot and cold work
15.4 Precautions for electrical safety
15.5 Use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
16.0 Knowledge and understanding of chemical tanker emergency procedures
16.1 Ship emergency response plans
16.2 Cargo operations emergency shutdown
16.3 Actions to be taken in the event of failure of systems or services
essential to cargo
16.4# Firefighting on chemical tankers
16.5 Enclosed space rescue
16.6 Cargo reactivity
16.7 Jettisoning cargo
16.8 Use of a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
17.0 Actions to be taken for loading collision, grounding or spillage
18.0 Knowledge of medical first aid procedures on board chemical tankers, with
reference to the Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents involving
Dangerous Goods (MFAG)
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Day 9 18.0 Knowledge of medical first aid procedures on board chemical tankers with
reference to the Medical First Aid Guide for use in accidents involving
dangerous goods (MFAG) (continuation)
19.0 Understanding of procedures to prevent pollution of the atmosphere and the
environment
20.0 Knowledge and understanding of relevant provisions of the International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) and other
relevant IMO instruments, industry guidelines and port regulations as
commonly applied
21.0 Proficiency in the use of the IBC Code and related documents
Day 10 21.0 Proficiency in the use of the IBC Code and related documents (continuation)
22.0 Case studies
23.0 Test and discussions
Note: Teaching staff should note timetables are suggestions only with regard to sequence and
length of time allocated to each objective. These factors may be adapted by instructors to suit
individual groups of trainees depending on their experience and ability balanced with the
equipment and staff available for training. Though lecture and demonstration time may be
adjusted to better suit class and trainees' needs based on previous experience care should be
taken not to alter or abbreviate practical assessments.
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Introduction
The detailed teaching syllabus is presented as a series of learning objectives. The objective,
therefore, describes what the trainee must do to demonstrate that the specified knowledge or
skill has been transferred.
In order to assist the instructor, references are shown to indicate IMO references and
publications as wells as textbooks and teaching aids that instructors may wish to use in
preparing and presenting their lessons.
The material listed in the course framework has been used to structure the detailed teaching
syllabus, in particular:
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TRAINING OUTCOMES:
Demonstrates knowledge, understanding and proficiency of:
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Note: Trainees should have knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in IMO Model
Course 1.01 on "Basic Training for Oil and Chemical Tanker Operations" before completing
these performance requirements. This knowledge is considered so fundamental for much of
the advanced level content within this course that there is merit in reviewing the basic level
content quickly before covering the additional elements required at the advanced level. The
learning time has been reduced for many elements on the basis that trainees will be reviewing
rather than learning much of this content at this level. It may be necessary for some trainees
to refresh their knowledge of basic elements before undertaking this advanced level content.
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1.0 Knowledge of chemical tanker R1, R2, R3, T1, B1, B2, A1, A11,
designs, systems, and equipment, R6, R7, R8 B7, VC3, A12, A13,
including: VC10 A14
1.1 General arrangement and
construction
1.1.1 Explains the practical application of
a chemical tanker being divided
into fore part, tank areas and aft
part, and that the tank areas are
separated from the fore and aft
parts by means of cofferdams, void
spaces, cargo pump-room, pump-
room, empty tanks or oil fuel tanks.
1.1.2 Explains why accommodation
spaces, main cargo control stations
and service spaces must be
positioned aft of the tank area, but
that some exceptions to this rule
are possible.
1.1.3 Explains why the navigation bridge
may be fitted above the tank area
where necessary, but that there
must be an open space between
the navigation bridge and the cargo
tank deck.
1.1.4 Explains why a means must be
provided to keep deck spills away
from the accommodation spaces
1.1.5 Explains why entrances, air inlets
and openings to accommodation,
service spaces and control stations
shall not face the cargo area.
1.1.6 Explains why windows and side
scuttles facing the cargo area and
for some distance away from the
cargo area on each side must be of
non-opening type.
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- deadweight scales;
- loading and discharge port
limitations;
- length of voyage;
- ballast; and
- fuel, stores and consumption
for multiple load and
discharge ports.
5.2.3 Determines cargo quantities for petro
chemicals using ASTM Tables
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6.0 Knowledge of the effect of bulk R1, R2, R6, T1, B1, B2, A1, A11,
liquid cargoes on trim and stability A12, A13
and structural integrity Exercise on
simulators
6.1 Performs stability calculations.
7.0 Knowledge and understanding of R1, R2, T1, B1, B2, B3, A1, A11,
chemical cargo-related operations, R4, R6 B5, B6, B7 A12, A13
including:
7.1 Loading and unloading plans
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- undefined or uncontrolled;
- too lean;
- too rich; and
- inerted.
7.4.3 Explains methods of maintaining
control of atmosphere during cargo
operations.
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- oxygen content;
- flammable vapours; and
- toxic vapours.
7.4.5 Explains the relationship between
loading rates and ventilation capacity.
7.4.6 Explains the design of safe ventilation
to minimize cargo vapours exposure to
personnel.
7.4.7 Explains the limitations and risks of
open-venting.
7.4.8 Explains when controlled venting is
required in accordance with the IBC
Code.
7.4.9 Describes vapour control and vapour
recovery systems.
7.4.10 Explains vapour balancing.
7.4.11 Describes operating procedures and
requirements for a vapour emission
control system.
7.4.12 Explains and calculates pressure
drop with respect to vapour collection
system.
7.4.13 Explains the use of different vapour
systems between the ship and the
shore, and the documentation
required.
7.5 Inerting
7.5.1 Explains inerting on chemical tankers.
7.5.2 Explains the use of the IBC Code in
determining inerting requirements.
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7.6 Gas-freeing
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- Inhibited cargoes;
- Volatile cargoes;
- Temperature-sensitive cargoes;
and
- Heated/cooled cargoes.
7.9.2 Explains the risks and dangers
associated with poor monitoring of
cargo temperatures for some
chemical cargoes.
7.9.3 Identifies the possible dangerous
reactions of some cargoes if
adjacent to heated cargoes
(polymerization, decomposition,
thermal instability, evolution of gas).
7.9.4 Identifies dangers associated with
carrying heated cargoes adjacent to
highly volatile cargoes.
7.9.5 Explains why some cargoes with low
boiling point may need to be cooled.
7.9.6 Describes different cooling or
refrigeration systems for chemical
tankers.
7.9.7 Explains the use of reference
temperatures.
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TRAINING OUTCOMES:
1. physical properties
2. chemical properties
3. reactivity
4. understanding the information contained in a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
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TRAINING OUTCOMES:
Note: Trainees should have knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in IMO
Model Course 1.01, Basic Training for Oil and Chemical Tanker Operations, before
completing these performance requirements. This knowledge is considered so fundamental
for much of the advanced level content within this course that there is merit in reviewing the
basic level content quickly before covering the additional elements required at the advanced
level. The learning time has been reduced for many elements on the basis that trainees will
be reviewing rather than learning much of this content at this level. It may be necessary for
some trainees to refresh their knowledge of basic elements before undertaking this
advanced level content.
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- TLVTWA (time-weighted
average);
- TLVSTEL (short-term
exposure limit); and
- TLVC (ceiling).
13.3.3 Explains why chemicals may
present more than one hazard to
health, and that it may be either
one or more of the following:
- corrosive;
- Poisonous;
- Toxic;
- Asphyxiation;
- result in long-term damage to
eyes or the nervous system;
and
- long-term carcinogenic effects.
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14.0 Knowledge and understanding R1, R2, R3, T1, B1, B2, B5, A1, A11,
of dangers of non-compliance R6, R7, R8 B6, B7 A13
with relevant rules /
regulations
14.1 Explains the direct repercussions
on the safety of ships, the well-
being of crews and on the
environment for non-compliance
with regulations and best industry
established practices regarding
the above hazards.
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TRAINING OUTCOMES:
Note: Trainees should have knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in IMO Model
Course 1.01, Basic Training for Oil and Chemical Tanker Operations, before completing these
performance requirements. This knowledge is considered so fundamental for much of the
advanced level content within this course that there is merit in reviewing the basic level content
quickly before covering the additional elements required at the advanced level. The learning
time has been reduced for many elements on the basis that trainees will be reviewing rather
than learning much of this content at this level. It may be necessary for some trainees to refresh
their knowledge of basic elements before undertaking this advanced level content.
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Note: Trainees should have knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in IMO
Model Course 1.01, Basic Training for Oil and Chemical Tanker Operations, before
completing these performance requirements. This knowledge is considered so fundamental
for much of the advanced level content within this course that there is merit in reviewing the
basic level content quickly before covering the additional elements required at the advanced
level. The learning time has been reduced for many elements on the basis that trainees will
be reviewing rather than learning much of this content at this level. It may be necessary for
some trainees to refresh their knowledge of basic elements before undertaking this
advanced level content
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Text books,
IMO Teaching
Knowledge, Understanding and Proficiency Bibliography,
Reference aid
Videos
TOPIC 16 KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL TANKER
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
16.0 Knowledge and understanding of R2,R3, T1, B1, B2, A1, A11,
chemical tanker emergency R5, R6, B5, B6 A13, A14
procedures, including: R7, R8
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Text books,
IMO Teaching
Knowledge, Understanding and Proficiency Bibliography,
Reference aid
Videos
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Text books,
IMO Teaching
Knowledge, Understanding and Proficiency Bibliography,
Reference aid
Videos
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TRAINING OUTCOMES:
Note: Trainees should have knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in IMO Model
Course 1.01, Basic Training for Oil and Chemical Tanker Operations, before completing these
performance requirements. This knowledge is considered so fundamental for much of the
advanced level content within this course that there is merit in reviewing the basic level content
quickly before covering the additional elements required at the advanced level. The learning
time has been reduced for many elements on the basis that trainees will be reviewing rather
than learning much of this content at this level. It may be necessary for some trainees to refresh
their knowledge of basic elements before undertaking this advanced level content.
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TRAINING OUTCOMES:
21.0 Proficiency in the use of the IBC Code and related documents
Note: Trainees should have knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in IMO Model
Course 1.01, Basic Training for Oil and Chemical Tanker Operations, before completing these
performance requirements. This knowledge is considered so fundamental for much of the
advanced level content within this course that there is merit in reviewing the basic level content
quickly before covering the additional elements required at the advanced level. The learning
time has been reduced for many elements on the basis that trainees will be reviewing rather
than learning much of this content at this level. It may be necessary for some trainees to refresh
their knowledge of basic elements before undertaking this advanced level content
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TOPIC 21 PROFICIENCY IN THE USE OF THE IBC CODE AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
21.0 Proficiency in the use of the IBC/BCH R1, R2, T1, B1, B2, A1, A2,
Code and related documents R3, R8 B4, B5, B6, B7 A11, A12
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The course instructors should also bear in mind that preparation and planning constitute a
major contribution to effective presentation of the course.
The instructor's manual provides guidance on the material that is to be presented during the
course. The course material reflects the mandatory minimum requirements for the training and
qualifications of masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, second engineer officers and
any person with immediate responsibility for loading, unloading and care during transit and
handling, or other cargo-related operations on chemical tankers as specified in
regulation V/1- 1, paragraph 5 of the STCW Convention.
To show consistency and adherence to table A-V/1-1-3 STCW Code, a mapping is provided
for easy reference in Part A of this model course showing STCW's competencies and training
outcomes compared to the topics covered in this IMO model course
The references used throughout the course are mentioned in Part A "Course Framework" and
comprise Teaching Aids (A), IMO Reference Books (R), Text books (T), Bibliography (B) and
Videos (V).
The course outline, timetable and lesson plan provide guidance on the time allocations for the
course material, but the instructor is free to make adjustments as deemed necessary. The
detailed teaching syllabus should be studied carefully. Lesson plans or lecture notes may be
compiled where appropriate.
It is necessary to prepare material for use with audio-visual equipment or for distribution to
trainees as handouts.
Throughout the course, it is important to stress that rules and regulations must be strictly
observed and all precautions taken to minimize risk to safety to an acceptable level and
minimize harmful effects to the environment.
Topics marked with an asterisk (*) could be taught better using a simulator as provided for in
the IMO model course Chemical Tanker Cargo and Ballast Handling Simulator course, which
provides a detailed training programme for chemical tanker operations using specially created
cargo handling exercises. Separate exercises will have to be made with a brief on how to
conduct table-top exercises if simulators are unavailable.
Guidance Notes
While the topics in this course may look very similar to those found in IMO Model Course 1.01,
Basic Training for Oil and Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations, it should be noted that the
objective of this advanced level course is to equip a person with the necessary knowledge and
skills to plan, direct, and carry out safe and environmentally-friendly cargo operations. This
person may well be called upon to supervise others as they perform the various cargo-related
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duties. Hence this advanced level course should be presented by the instructional staff very
differently from the way they might present the basic level IMO Model Course 1.01. It may be
useful to review certain aspects of the learning objectives covered in Model Course 1.01, but
the major emphasis here is on a deeper understanding of why chemical tankers are
constructed as they are and how the ship design is aimed at creating safer and more
environmentally-friendly ships than those of years gone by. One of the objectives of this course
is to enable trainees to have a better understanding of various ship designs and characteristics
used in modern tanker construction, the practical implications posed by the designs they face
and accounting for these factors as they plan, direct and/or carry out cargo operations.
Upon completion of this course trainees should be assessed using the criteria in column 4 of
the table A-V/1-1-3 STCW Code.
Instructors should note that the students in this advanced level course are required to show a
deep knowledge and understanding of the topics covered. They should make every effort to
present the material in this light. Rather than reciting facts about the construction and general
arrangement of chemical tankers, instructors should endeavour to fully explain the reasons as
well as the operational advantages and disadvantages of construction technique of chemical
tankers. Trainees should not be asked to memorize all the facts related to construction
requirements. Instead, they should be encouraged to know where to look for design
standard/requirement as they would need to do on board a chemical tanker.
Trainees should understand why a specific cargo pumping equipment is chosen for use and
what the practical operational implications these entail including the advantage and
disadvantage of each arrangement. On board, the trainee will have to oversee the safe
operation of these pumps. They will also need to ensure the safety of those spaces that house
the equipment. It is suggested that instructors should not only dwell on facts regarding the
pumping equipment and instead approach the subject matter from the "why" and "how" point
of view.
The use of diagrams and screenshots to illustrate this section has always proven beneficial for
the trainees' understanding.
It is important for the instructor to stress that any effort made toward the creation and
maintenance of a successful tanker safety culture cannot be just an intellectual undertaking
and another paper exercise. Instead, the instructor should encourage the trainee with the
notion that the various instruments and industry guidelines and best practices being discussed
are living systems and are heavily interrelated. Their development by the IMO and other
entities was carried out for good reasons and their successful implementation requires a
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genuine and sincere effort by those in charge. Quite simply, the safer the chemical tanker is,
the less likely it is to be involved in a safety or environmentally related incident.
The instructor should be completely familiar with the relevant instruments and industry
guidelines and best practices including the ISM Code, COSWP, and Tanker Management
Self-Assessment (TMSA) and should emphasize those provisions that are unique to chemical
tankers. Explaining relevant provisions from the instruments and industry guidelines and best
practices can be very helpful. Similarly, every effort should be made to highlight how the
provisions of these instruments might be implemented differently on a chemical tanker than on
other ship types. Where possible, case studies or other real life examples might be very useful
in maximizing the results of such efforts.
There are various guidelines, codes, rules and regulations covering safety and the monitoring
of atmosphere in gas-dangerous and gas-safe zones on a chemical tanker which must be
understood and always followed. It is important that the instructor emphasizes that it is the
combination of technical equipment and the positive attitude of the operator towards
implementing safety which relates to assessing risks, and monitoring that the ship's crew
complies with procedures and manages safety on board chemical tankers.
The trainee should understand the filling limits requirements of the IBC Code.
The trainees should be able to perform cargo measurements and calculations as specified in
Part C of this model course, either on a simulator or by an explanation with the aid of a sketch
and the appended diagrams of various gauges used on board chemical tankers.
It is important that all relevant information required at management level is readily available.
Such information can be ship's ullage tables, ASTM tables, vessel specifications, etc. The
instructor needs to be familiar with cargo calculations and measurements at management
level, and a demonstration using a loading computer is recommended.
Instructors should note that Part C of this course requires that the trainee should be able to
use the approved trim and stability manual, perform stability calculations and state various
facts about the effect of bulk liquid cargoes on trim, stability and structural integrity.
The trainee is not required to describe or explain concepts in any depth, nor is the trainee
learning the whole subject of stability and trim as might be found in Model Course 7.01 or 7.03.
The focus here should be on the unique properties of bulk liquids and how they will affect the
chemical tanker while underway including "sloshing effect" in tanks with large free surface as
well as while loading and discharging cargo.
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The trainee must be able to demonstrate the ability to plan all stages of the loading and
unloading operations to include ballasting and deballasting so as to avoid exceeding specified
draught, trim or list requirements, while at the same time keeping shear force, bending
moments and metacentric height within prescribed limits.
Practical demonstration should include preparing a written plan as well as on a vessel loading
calculator. i.e. loading computer software programme or on a simulator. The trainee would
have to be provided with copies of appropriate ship's capacity, pumping, tank cleaning,
ballasting, and ventilation plans along with calibration tables (suggested exercises appended
in appendix 2).
ISGOTT and ICS Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals) contain details of cargo plans and
communications regarding them.
The trainee should have a thorough understanding of the considerations affecting ballast
quantity and the tanks to be used, the stages of ballasting and deballasting, the associated
stresses, and all applicable regulations and procedures for ballast operations at sea and in
port.
The instructor could refer to ICS Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals) and ISGOTT for additional
guidance.
For additional information regarding tank cleaning, industry accepted publications can be
consulted.
The trainee should be familiar with the content and purpose of the Procedures and
Arrangements Manual (P&A Manual), approved by the Administration which, inter alia,
outlines the sequence of actions to be taken for cleaning of cargo tanks. Trainees should
further be able to correctly apply the Cleaning and Disposal Procedures (CDP) as set out in
Addendum A to Annex II of MARPOL. Instructors should explain the various tank cleaning
methods, the most common cleaning equipment and cleaning agents as well as the slop
disposal procedures to be applied depending on the type of cargo residues. The factors
influencing the cleaning method should also be explained including, but not restricted to
available time, weather conditions, shipboard equipment available, tank coating.
7.5 Inerting
The trainee should have a thorough understanding of the uses of inert gas including nitrogen,
the inerting process, and operational considerations to include relevant OCIMF and IMO
publications, especially R4.
The trainee should be able to explain when inerting is required and why nitrogen vapour is
used as inert gas on chemical tankers and what criteria apply to declare a tank and its piping
system fully inerted.
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7.6 Gas-freeing
ICS Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals) and ISGOTT considers tank cleaning and gas freeing
the most hazardous period of tanker operations. The trainee should have a thorough
understanding of the dangers associated with this process and how to conduct safe cleaning
of tanks.
The criteria establishing a gas-free tank leading to the issue of an enclosed space entry permit
should be explained in detail and repeated throughout the course (including Lower Explosive
Limit (LEL) for the gas(es) present, oxygen level and likely toxic gases.
The trainee should be able to describe tank inspection prior to transferring cargo. This includes
procedures before loading as well as sampling procedures before unloading.
Tank inspection procedures vary from a visual inspection to a full wall wash inspection. If
possible, inspection of the ship's tanks should be made without entering the tanks (ISGOTT),
but in case of e.g. a wall wash inspection, tank entry is necessary. It is important that all tank
entry procedures are adhered to during tank inspection and that shore personnel are
accompanied by the ship's crew while inspecting tanks (ref. Tanker Safety Guide Chemicals).
8.4 Describes procedures for cargo sampling, safety precautions when sampling
and safe storage of cargo samples
The trainee should be familiar with and able to explain the safety precautions to be taken when
sampling in inerted and non-inerted cargo tanks and when sampling hazardous cargoes as
per Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals).
The trainee should be familiar with the procedures for safe storage of cargo samples, as per
16.5 IBC Code and Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals).
9.1 Ability to calibrate and use monitoring and gas-detection systems, instruments
and equipment
A practical demonstration with gas detection equipment of all the gas monitoring equipment
in Part A of this model course may be used in order to achieve this learning objective.
Since gas detection equipment is constantly being updated and replaced, part of the practical
demonstration should include the ability for the trainee to understand the provisions in the
manufacturer's operating handbook for the equipment used in the practical assessment.
During the "Assessments for Calibration" and "Assessments for Use of Gas Detection
Systems, Instruments and Equipment", the trainee should demonstrate that he/she
comprehends and can apply the manufacturer's instructions. If gas detection systems,
instruments and equipment used are approved and incorporated in the simulator for the
course, a "Manufacturer's Operating Handbook" should be provided for the gas detection
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equipment for which the simulator is modelled. The purpose is to ensure that the trainees can
adapt and know where to find information for specific types of equipment.
It must be understood that it is the supervising officer's responsibility to ensure safe and
efficient transfer and retention of chemical cargoes. Delegation of duties to other personnel to
assist in that responsibility is required, but does not relieve the supervising officer of his/her
responsibility. Therefore, great care and attentiveness must be made to have properly trained
crew to assist in any transfer or carriage of chemical cargoes and the crew must be supplied
with the proper tools, environment, and a plan which they can easily understand. The instructor
is guided to impress on use of relevant publications including the ship's SMS as required by
the ISM Code.
The instructor should emphasize that once the plan has been created, it is the supervising
officer's duty to check that it is being implemented correctly, and to address any changes that
may be required
The instructor needs to explain the general properties of chemicals carried by sea and the
range of hazards normally associated with them.
The instructor needs to explain that some chemicals require special care to ensure that they
remain in a stable condition. Reactive chemicals may be inherently unstable or, when in
contact with air, water or other materials may react in a dangerous and violent manner.
The goal of this general learning objective would be to understand the hazard information of
the MSDS and take the necessary precautions to safely handle and store the product. It is
recommended that the instructor should conduct an exercise for the trainees to use an MSDS.
The instructor should emphasize that MSDS are provided by the manufacturer or supplier of
a product and therefore differ and not uniform.
It is important to state here that the specific names and content of these sections can vary from
one supplier's MSDS to another, but are often similar to the 16 sections of the ANSI Standard
for MSDS preparation. If a 9-section MSDS is used then the set of information may be in a
different order and with slightly different headings.
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The instructor needs to explain the hazards associated with chemical tanker cargo operations
and the effective control measures applied for each hazard detailed in this topic. The ICS
Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals) contains details of such hazards and control measures.
The instructor should highlight the most salient international regulations applicable to the
operation of chemical tankers and the cargoes carried on them. This includes the mandatory
provisions of SOLAS and MARPOL as well as the ISM Code. Trainees should also be made
aware that national regulations may require additional measures to be taken and failure to
implement national regulations may result in legal consequences to the company, the master
and the crew. In addition to international regulations the IMO has also adopted
recommendations and guidelines applicable to the operation of chemical tankers and chemical
cargoes carried on them. The implementation of international regulations is also described in
industry guidelines and best practices including COSWP and ISGOTT.
The instructor should remain aware of changing regulatory requirements and need to ensure
appropriate training.
The trainee should be able to explain which safety procedures can be found in IMO
resolution A.1050(27) as well as in the ship's SMS. Industry standards, such as ISGOTT and
COSWP, can be used for further information.
The plan should be reviewed and updated on a regular basis to ensure that it reflects any
changes within the current best practice and any key lessons from emergency
exercises/previous emergencies. The instructor may encourage discussion among trainees
based upon actual experiences with different industry standards, local practices and customs.
16.5 Demonstrates an enclosed space rescue with all relevant rescue equipment
The trainee should be able to demonstrate enclosed space rescue at supervisory level.
General procedures for handling these emergencies are covered in IMO Model courses 7.01
and 7.03. The focus here needs to be specific to handling these emergencies on a chemical
tanker. Trainees should understand the reporting procedure in case of spills and understand
the use of SMPEP in such circumstances.
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Trainees should be able to identify the actions to be taken in a medical emergency caused by
chemical cargoes and substances using the information in current recognized first aid practices
and international guidelines. The instructor should explain and demonstrate the use of the
medical first aid guide including the actions to be taken when various medical emergencies
occur as explained in the MFAG. The MFAG can be found in the supplement of the IMDG
Code.
The instructor should remain aware of changing regulatory requirements and the need to
ensure appropriate training.
The instructor should remain aware of changing regulatory requirements and the need to
ensure appropriate training.
TOPIC 21 PROFICIENCY IN THE USE OF THE IBC CODE AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
The instructor is advised to demonstrate to the trainees the use of IBC Code and the ICS
Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals). The importance of referring to chapter 17 and other relevant
chapters of IBC Code and the safety guide prior to planning/loading any cargo needs to be
emphasized.
The instructor should remain aware of changing regulatory requirements with respect to the
IBC Code, related documents and the need to ensure appropriate training.
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APPENDIX 1
Diagrams for use by the Instructor. Print out as handouts or use for overhead projector
(OHP) transparencies, if suitably enlarged
NOTE: The numbering of the figures appended herein is that of the General Learning
Objectives (GLO), e.g. Figure no: 2.0 (A to F) represents GLO 2.0 "Knowledge of pump theory
and characteristics, including the types of Cargo Pumps and their safe operations" and should
be used with their respective Specific learning Objectives (SLO) included in Part "C" and
Part "D".
Diagrams from the IMO Model Course 1.01 "Basic Training for Oil and Chemical Tanker Cargo
Operations" course may also be used.
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Figure 1.8 D: Chemical tank with heating coils, pumps and cargo diffuser
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Figures 1.15 and 8.0: Stowage planning for parcel tankers as per tank coatings
***
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PART 2
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Figure 5.0 A: Density Correction Factor curve is a straight line for small temperature
differences for unsaturated hydrocarbons and most chemicals
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Figure 7.1 A: Screenshot of a loading computer of a chemical tanker for stowage planning
and cargo calculations (Chemical Simulator)
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CT1(P)
CT1(S)
CT2(P)
CT2(S)
CT3(P)
CT3(S)
CT4(P)
CT4(S)
CT5(P)
CT5(S)
CT6(P)
CT6(S)
CT7(P)
CT7(S)
CT8(P)
CT8(S)
CT9(P)
CT9(S)
WBT
fpk
1P
1S
2P
2S
3P
3S
4P
4S
5P
5S
HEEL(P)
HEEL S
6P
6S
TCFWT P
TCFWT S
AFT.PEAK
Draft Fwd
Draft Aft
SF
BM
GM FL
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Figure 7.1D: Chemical Simulator Power Pack and Hydraulic controls of a cargo pumping system
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Figure 21.3: IBC Code, chemical tanker location of tanks for ship types 1, 2 and 3.
Ship Type 1 each tank capacity not more than 1250 m3;
Ship Type 2 each tank capacity not more than 3000 m3;
Ship Type 3 each tank capacity not regulated.
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APPENDIX 2
EXERCISES
The exercises below may be conducted using a simulator or as table-top exercise. For
table-top exercises the trainees should be provided with a PC loaded with a chemical
tanker's loading computer software and hard copies of the ship's capacity plan,
pumping, ballasting, ventilation (inerting) and tank cleaning plans, calibration tables of
ballast and cargo tanks and other plans/ details considered relevant for the exercise.
Objectives: The trainee should be able to understand the subsystems and their overall
interactivity in the chemical cargo handling simulator in order to carry out
the operations involved.
Prerequisites: The theoretical aspects of the various kinds of liquid cargo transport
should be known to the trainee. Basic naval architecture related to
chemical tanker would have been studied prior to simulator exercises.
Basic stability and stress theory will have to be known by the trainees.
Training materials: Simulator or PowerPoint presentations of the mimic diagrams used in the
CCR (Cargo Control Room) layout and general arrangements of the
vessel in the liquid cargo simulator.
Instructor action: Apart from system mimics, emphasize overall connection of the systems
in the vessel.
Debriefing: Check if all systems and interconnection of systems of the simulator was
understood.
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Objectives: The trainee should be able to understand the principles, operations and
safety precautions involved with inerting of cargo tanks.
Training materials: OHP sheets of the Inert Gas Generating (IGG) system, the IG distribution
lines as on inerting mimics of cargo tanks.
Simulator Condition: Cargo tanks empty, filled with air. Normal ballast condition.
Student action: After checking atmosphere in tanks, decision to be made for which tanks
to start inerting and line up.
Instructor action: Check choice of tanks, system used, and method of inerting. Check
quality of IG supplied.
Debriefing: The instructor should ascertain that the tank atmospheres are at the
required level of O2.
Check that trainees have understood the principles of inerting and safety
precautions involved.
Evaluation: By question and answer confirm that students have understood the
principles of, and reasons for inerting of cargo tanks.
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Objectives: The trainee should be able to perform cargo planning for loading
operation, load a full cargo into the vessel maintaining stability and stress
criteria, and maximum allowable draft and trim.
Briefing: Trainees should be told that all cargo tanks are empty and simultaneous
deballasting required for this exercise.
Student action: Trainees can perform preliminary stress and stability requirements with
the Loading Computer.
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Objectives: The trainee should be able to perform cargo planning for unloading
operation, unload a full or part cargo from the vessel, maintaining stability
and stress criteria and maximum allowable draft and trim.
Training materials: PowerPoint slides/OHP sheets of mimic diagrams of cargo deck lines,
manifold connections, unloading of cargo tanks.
Briefing: Trainees should be informed that all tanks are fully loaded and ballast
operations need to be carried out during unloading for this exercise.
When unloading tank stripping and draining shall be carried out using
special techniques (if applicable).
Student action: Trainees can perform preliminary stress check with the Loading
Computer.
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If the exercise of unloading all tanks takes too long in real time, real-time
simulation may be suspended and continued fast time until a further
crucial stage of operation is reached, such as stripping of tanks.
Stresses and stability were monitored and final draft, trim, tank ullages,
pressure, temperatures and atmosphere were continuously checked.
Exercise number 5: Chemical tanker - Purge and ventilate cargo tanks for entry
Objective: The trainee should be able to prepare cargo tanks for entry after
unloading chemical cargo.
The trainee will learn how to purge cargo tanks with inert gas and air to
safe level before entry is permitted.
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Student action: Start purging selected cargo tanks with inert gas to safe vapour
concentration before starting to ventilate with air. Make one or two tanks
gas free for entry.
Instructor action: Check that trainees observe tank atmosphere for flammability, toxicity
and that selected tanks are at safe levels before starting to ventilate with
air.
Debriefing: Ensure trainees have understood correct use of tank atmosphere levels.
Evaluation: By means of the tank atmosphere checks, the oxygen and gas contents
in the vented tanks can be monitored.
For table-top exercise, trainees are required to use the
ventilation (Inerting) plan to indicate lining up. Time taken for
purging and gas freeing to be calculated stating method used
(displacement or dilution). Flammability diagrams to be
provided.
Exercise number 6: Chemical tanker - Tank cleaning with water/chemicals and also with steam
Objectives: The trainee should be able to make a tank cleaning plan with cleaning
and discharge (CDP) procedures specific to cargo unloaded and next
cargo to be loaded, using P & A manual and carry out tank cleaning.
Unloading exercise.
IG usage exercise.
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Simulator Condition: Cargo tanks empty with residues from multi grades of chemical parcels.
Briefing: Trainees should be made aware of the complexity of the exercise which
should be built up step by step.
Student action: The trainees will start with preparing a tank cleaning plan, which will keep
trim and heel within the acceptable limits.
Instructor action: The instructor should ascertain that the sequence of tank cleaning, trim
and heel is taken into consideration.
All cargo residues should be removed, tanks cleaned for the next cargo
fulfilling all statutory and commercial requirements.
For this table-top exercise trainees are required to develop a
tank cleaning plan showing different stages of tank cleaning
using bar charts. MSDS of cargo discharged and details of next
cargo to be provided.
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APPENDIX 3
CASE STUDIES
In this appendix, a few sample case studies on chemical tanker accidents have been
presented. The objective is to sensitize the trainees regarding the huge fallout of
accidents on board a chemical tanker. The instructor could also use other case studies
of chemical tanker related incidents.
When discussing the causes, trainees should be actively involved in order to facilitate
a better understanding of the causes which led to the incident and to devise preventive
actions to avoid similar incidents.
.
CASE STUDY 1
The incident:
Prior to loading cargo the vessel was required to be gas-free and clean cargo tanks. To
accomplish this, the dehumidifier system was used to gas-free the tanks. The system
consisted of a blower within the forward store, a main line along the deck and branch lines to
each cargo tank.
Recognizing the risk of cargo vapours passing along the line to the forward store, the system
was fitted with individual tank valves, a main line isolation valve, a non-return valve and a spool
piece, which the company required to be removed when the system was not in operation to
isolate the forward store from the cargo side of the system.
One day after loading cargo of naptha, and three days prior to the incident, five crew members
entered the forward store as part of a familiarization tour conducted by a junior deck officer.
They were met by a strong smell of cargo; however, this was not reported to a senior officer.
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Two days later and with the vessel being at sea, the ventilation flaps, hatch and door of the
forward store were secured. The following day the bosun opened the door of the forward store
and turned the ventilation fan on. An explosion occurred and the bosun was killed.
Observations:
Several valves in the dehumidifier system were passing and the spool piece was not removed
after the tank cleaning operation. It was therefore possible for cargo vapours to enter the
forward store and with the store room secured for sea, an explosive atmosphere was created.
The ventilation fan provided the ignition source.
Five crew members smelt cargo vapour in the forward store but did not report this to a senior
officer. Some of them were new to the vessel and junior in rank. The spool piece was not
removed as required by the company. It was found that the position and design of the spool
piece made it difficult to handle. The spool piece is 2 metres above deck height and 50kg in
weight.
Immediate Cause:
Root Cause
On completion of operations spool pieces must be removed and the blanks properly fitted. In
order to make them standing out, all portable bends, and spool pieces are clearly marked and
labelled.
Vessels with awkward and heavy spool pieces, as in this case of the dehumidifier system,
should consider alternative arrangements and, if possible, replace the spool pieces with a
flexible hose, in consultation with the classification society.
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CASE STUDY 2
There have been numerous cases of serious tank structural failure as a result of over /
under pressure conditions created in cargo tanks due to blocked pressure / vacuum
(PV) valves and vent lines leading to them.
Incident:
A partly loaded vessel arrived and anchored while awaiting the pilot. She was loaded with high
melting point cargo (Phenol). While anchored, the crew felt a sudden strong vibration and
noticed deformation of deck plating and transverse frame above the cargo tank holding Phenol.
The cargo was later observed to have flowed into the adjacent empty cargo tank and into two
ballast tanks below the Phenol cargo tank. There was no injury or pollution due to the incident
and no breach of integrity to outer hull.
Observations:
The vessel experienced very rough sea, swell, cold climate, rolling and pitching during the
voyage. With the cargo tank fully loaded, cargo sloshed and entered into the mouth of the vent
line. Due to the high melting point of Phenol and the low ambient temperature, Phenol solidified
at the mouth of the vent line which gradually blocked the vent line completely. With rise in
ambient temperature, the tank pressure raised resulting in damage to the deck plating and
tank sides.
Immediate cause:
Root cause:
Not applying adequate control measures to take care of cargo property (high melting point).
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Pressure/vacuum (P/V) valves and other relief devices should be well maintained and tested
to ensure they function as designed for the cargo carried. Such valves and vent lines leading
to them can become blocked by cargoes, especially if they have high wax content, high melting
points or are polymerizing cargoes. Even when the P/V valves appear to operate freely, flow
through vent lines must be confirmed.
Always monitor cargo tank pressures to avoid over / under pressurization of cargo
tanks
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Part E: Evaluation
The effectiveness of any evaluation depends to a great extent on the precision of the
description of what is to be evaluated. The detailed teaching syllabus is thus designed to assist
the Instructors with descriptive verbs, mostly taken from the widely used Bloom's taxonomy.
Evaluation/Assessment is a way of finding out if learning has taken place. It enables the
assessor (Instructor), to ascertain if the learner has gained the required skills and knowledge
needed at a given point towards a course or qualification.
This should take place before the trainee commences a course/qualification to ensure they are
on the right path. Diagnostic assessment is an evaluation of a trainee's skills, knowledge,
strength and areas for development. This can be carried out during an individual or group
setting by the use of relevant tests.
Formative assessment
Summative assessment
It is designed to measure trainee's achievement against defined objectives and targets. It may
take the form of an exam or an assignment. In Advanced Level Courses, individual summative
assessments are assigned and can be interspersed as appropriate throughout the course. As
an integral part of the process, ALL have to be INDIVIDUALLY passed. Other exams, including
a "Final Exam" may be added at the discretion of the instructor, but they cannot replace or
offset any required assessment not passed by the Trainee.
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Assessment Planning
Some methods of assessment that could be used depending upon the course/qualification are
as follows and should all be adapted to suit individual needs:
Validity
The evaluation methods must be based on clearly defined objectives, and it must truly
represent what is meant to be assessed; for example, only the relevant criteria and the syllabus
or course guide. There must be a reasonable balance between the subject topics involved and
also in the testing of trainees' KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND PROFICIENCY of the
concepts.
Reliability
Assessment should also be reliable (if the assessment was done again with a similar
group/learner, would you receive similar results). We may have to deliver the same subject to
different group of learners at different times. If other assessors are also assessing the same
course/qualification as us, we need to ensure we are all making the same decisions.
If the Instructors are going to assess their own trainees, they need to know what they are to
assess and then decide how to do this. The what will come from the standards/learning
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outcomes of the course/qualification they are delivering. The how may already be decided for
them if it is an assignment, test or examination.
The instructors need to consider the best way to assess the skills, knowledge and attitudes of
our learners, whether this will be formative and/or summative and how the assessment will be
valid and reliable.
All work assessed should be valid, authentic, current, sufficient and reliable; this is often known
as VACSR "valid assessments create standard results".
It is important to note that no single method can satisfactorily measure knowledge and skills
over the entire spectrum of matters to be tested for the assessment of competence.
Care should therefore be taken to select the method most appropriate to the particular aspect
of competence to be tested, bearing in mind the need to frame questions which relate as
realistically as possible to the requirements of the officer's job at sea.
The training and assessment of seafarers, as required under the Convention, are
administered, supervised and monitored in accordance with the provisions of section A-I/6 of
the STCW Code.
Column 3 Methods for demonstrating competence and Column 4 - Criteria for evaluating
competence in Table A-V/1-1-3 (Specification of minimum standard of competence in basic
training for Chemical tanker cargo operations) of STCW Code 2010 sets out the methods and
criteria for evaluation.
Instructors should also refer to the guidance as given in Part B-II/1 of STCW code, as given
below.
Evaluation of competence
The arrangements for evaluating competence should be designed to take account of different
methods of assessment which can provide different types of evidence about candidates'
competence, e.g.:
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One or more of the first four methods listed should almost invariably be used to provide
evidence of ability, in addition to appropriate questioning techniques to provide evidence of
supporting knowledge and understanding.
Assessment is also covered in detail in another IMO Model Course; however, to assist and aid
the Instructors, some extracts from the Model course is used to explain in depth.
Marking or scoring is easier if multiple-choice test items are used, but in some cases difficulties
may arise in creating plausible distracters.
Detailed sampling allows immediate identification of errors of principle and those of a clerical
nature. It must be emphasized that this holds true, in general, only if the test item is based on
a single step in the overall calculation. Multiple-choice items involving more than one step may,
in some cases, have to be resorted to in order to allow the creation of a sufficient number of
plausible distracters, but care must be exercised to ensure that distracters are not plausible
for more than one reason if the nature of the error made (and hence the distracter chosen) is
to affect the scoring of the test item.
Compiling tests
Whilst each examining authority establishes its own rules, the length of time which can be
devoted to assessing the competence of candidates for certificates of competency is limited
by practical, economic and sociological restraints. Therefore, a prime objective of those
responsible for the organization and administration of the examination system is to find the
most efficient, effective and economical method of assessing the competency of candidates.
An examination system should effectively test the breadth of a candidate's knowledge of the
subject areas pertinent to the tasks he is expected to undertake. It is not possible to examine
candidates fully in all areas, so in effect the examination samples a candidate's knowledge by
covering as wide a scope as is possible within the time constraints and testing his depth of
knowledge in selected areas.
All evaluation and testing techniques have their advantages and disadvantages. An examining
authority should carefully analyse precisely what it should be testing and can test. A careful
selection of test and evaluation methods should then be made to ensure that the best of the
variety of techniques available today is used. Each test shall be that best suited to the learning
outcome or ability to be tested.
No matter which type of test is used, it is essential that all questions or test items used should
be as brief as possible, since the time taken to read the questions themselves lengthens the
examination. Questions must also be clear and complete. To ensure this, it is necessary that
they be reviewed by a person other than the originator. No extraneous information should be
incorporated into questions; such inclusions can waste the time of knowledgeable candidates
and tend to be regarded as 'trick questions'. In all cases, the questions should be checked to
ensure that they measure an objective which is essential to the job concerned.
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One disadvantage of oral/practical tests is that they can be time-consuming. Each test may
take up about 1 to 2 hours if it is to comprehensively cover the topics concerned.
Equipment must also be available in accordance with the abilities that are to be tested. Some
items of equipment can economically be dedicated solely for use in examinations.
In general, written exams are excellent forms to evaluate trainees' Knowledge, Understanding
and Proficiency of the concepts. However, if the goal is to evaluate a broad spectrum of
material using only a sample of questions, care must be taken to protect the security of the
exam from the trainees prior to the exam period. It is only natural for the trainees to focus on
just the sample questions and not the broad spectrum of the material if the trainees have
access to an exam prior to the exam period. It must also be noted that when training facilities
use the same exams over multiple sessions of the same course, that it is nearly impossible to
protect the security of the exam over an extended period of time; and therefore, training
facilities/Instructors should adjust the questions and format of their exams at reasonable
periods of time.
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SIMULATOR ASSESSMENT
HUMAN FACTORS Name Name
Rank Rank
Sr. No
Company Company
Cert no: Cert no:
1. Leadership
2. Team Work
3. Communication Skills
OPERATIONAL
SKILLS
Ability to recognize
4.
faults
Ability to take remedial
5.
actions
Self-
EXERCISES
Appraisals
6. Exercise 1
7. Exercise 2
8. Exercise 3
9. Written Test Marks
10. Overall Grading
REMARKS:
___________
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