1.02 Imo Model For STPOTO
1.02 Imo Model For STPOTO
1.02 Imo Model For STPOTO
1. Course Framework
Advanced training for oil tanker Cargo Operations
1. Aims
This course provides training for masters, chief engineers, officers and any person with immediate responsibility for
the liading, discharging and care in transit or handling of cargo. It comprises a specialized training programme
appropriate to their dities, including oil tanker safety, fire safety measures and systems, pollution, operational practice
and obligations under applicable law and requlations. The course takes full account pf section A-V/1 of the STCW code
adopted by the international convention on standards of taraining, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers, 1978
as amended 2010.
Any of this training may be given on board or ashore. It should be supplemented by practical instruction on board and,
where appropriate, in a suitable shore-based installation.
2. Objective
Provided they hold an appropriate certificate and are otherwise qualified in accordance with requlation V/1-2.2 of the
international convention on standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers, 1978, as amended in
2010, those successfully completing the course should therefore be able to take immediate responsibility for loading,
discharging and care in transit or handling of cargo on oil tankers. They will make a safer and more effective
contribution to the operation and control of the cargo on a tanker, which will improve the ship safety and provide
greater protection to the emvironment. In particular, during the course, there will be:
- Familiarization with the equipment, instrumentation and controls used for cargo handling on a tanker
- A greater awareness of the need of proper planning, the use of checklists and the tome scales involved in the
various cargo handling operations
- An enhanced awareness to apply proper and safe procedures at all times when carrying out the various
operations on board an oil tanker
- An acquisition of experience on identifying operational problems and solving them
- An omprovement in the ability to make decisions which promote safety and protect the marine environment
- An increased ability to make decisions which promote safety and protect the marine emvironment
- An increased ability to plan and co-ordinate actions during emergencies
3. Entry standarts
The course is open to seafarers who have completed a shore-based fire-faghting training cpurse approved by the
administration, and who have relevant experience appropriate to their duties on oil tankers, as stipulated in STCW
regulation V/1 paragraph 2.1, and subparagraphs 1.1 or 1.2. the following then is the minimum entry requirement:relevant experience on board a tamker as stipulated by STCW (regulation V/1, paragraph 2.1)
4. Course certificate
The specialized oil tanker training programme must be approved by the administration. Masters and officers who are
qualified in accordance with requlation V/1 paragraphs 1 or 2, as appropriate (thet, they have experience appropriate to
their dities on tankers, and complete this training programme), shall be issued with an appropriate ceetificate.
6. Staff requirements
The onstructor shall have appropriate training in instructional techniques and training methpds (STCW Code section
A-I/6, paragraph 7). It is recommended that qualified personnel who are experienced in the handling and
characteristics of oil tanker cargoes give all training and instruction and the safety procedures involved. Staff be
recruited from deck and the engine departments who have served on board a tanker in a senior capacity and have the
necessary practical experience.
8. Use of Simulator
Simulator
The revised STCW convention sets standards regarding the performance and the use of simulators for mandatory
training, assessment or demonstration of competence.
The general performance standards for simulators used in training and for simulators used in assessment of
competence are given in secrion A-1/12. Section B-1/12 provides guidance on the use of simulators in these activities.
Simulator-based training and assessment is not a mandatory requirement for this oil tanker training programme.
However, it is widely recognized that well-designed lessons and exercises can omprove the effectiveness of training and
shorten training times compared to traditional methods.
If used a simulator besed training, instructors should ensure that the aims and objectives of these lessons are
defined within the overall training programme and that tasks are selected so as to relate as closely as possible to
shipboard tasks and shorten training times compared to traditional methods.
If using a simulator-based training, instructors should ensure that the aims objectives of these lessons are defined
within the overall training propramme and that tasks are selected so as to relate as closely as possible to shipboard tasks
an practices. Instryctors should refer to reference R8, section A-I/12, part 2.
Approximate Time(Hours)
Lectures, demonstrations and practical work
1.0
1.0
2.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
6.0
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Pollution prevention
(STCW Code, section A-V/1 paragraph 9,14)
Ship and equipment
Operational pollution
Oil Record Book
Action in case of oil spills
Air pollution
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6
0.5
1.5
0.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
6.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
4.0
0.5
1.5
0.5
1.0
0.5
4.0
8.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
1.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
9.0
9. Inert Gas Systems (IGS) (STCW Code, section A-V\1 paragraphs 10,12)
9.1 General
9.2 The inert gas system
9.3 Inert gas plant
9.4 Scrubber, inet gas blowers, inert gas pressure-regulating valves
9.5 Non-return devices
9.6 Inert-gas distribution and venting
9.7 Gas-analyzing and indicating equipment
9.8 Operation
9.9 Maters, indicators and alarms
9.10 Emergency procedures
9.11 Maintenance and testing
2. Crude Oil Washing (COW)( STCW Code, section A-V\1 paragraphs
10,12)
10.1 Introduction
4. Contingency planning
12.1 General
12.2 Management
12.3 Preparation of the contingency plan
5. Assessment and Discussion
13.1 Discussion
1.0
1.0
2.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.5
2.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
0.5
1.0
0.5
2.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
8.0
0.5
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.5
5.0
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
0.5
0.5
1.0
2.0
1.0
13.2 Examination
1.0
2.0
60
TOTAL
Inert Gas Systems (IGS) (STCW Code, section A-V\1 paragraphs 10,12)
Course Outline
Knowledge, understanding and proficiency
1. Inert Gas Systems (IGS) (STCW Code, section A-V\1 paragraphs 10,12)
1.1 General
1.2 The inert gas system
1.3 Inert gas plant
1.4 Scrubber
1.5 Inert gas blowers
1.6 Inert gas pressure-regulating valve
1.7 Non-return devices
1.8 Inert-gas distribution and venting
1.9 Gas-analyzing and indicating equipment
1.10 Operation
1.11 Maters, indicators and alarms
1.12 Emergency procedures
1.13 Maintenance and testing
.15 states that a number of maritime countries, party to the CLC and fund conventions (69/92; 71/92) require a ship owner
to be insured against such damages
.16 states that the proof of insurance is the certificate of insurance or other financial security in respect of civil liability or
other financial security in respect of civil liability for oil pollution damage, which is issued by flag state under the
provisions of the convention.
.17 states that the Convention limits the ship owners liability for oil pollution damage in accordance with the tonnage of
the ship
.18 states that an owner cannot limit his/her liability if an oil pollution incident occurred as a result of his/her fault
2. Basic properties of petroleum and its hazards (5.5 hours)
2.1 Basic physics (0.5 hour)
.1 describes the three states of matter
.2 defines melting, sublimation, evaporation, melting point and boiling point
.3 describes surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, hydrostatic pressure, miscibility, solubility and diffusion as these terms
apply to liquids
.4 defines the viscosity and saturated vapour pressure of liquids
.5 describes diffusion, pressure and miscibility as applied to gases/vapour
.6 defines the critical pressure and temperature of gases
.7 describes the structure of atoms and molecules
.8 states that a negatively charged body has an excess of electrons
.9 states that a positively charged body has a shortage of electrons
.10 states that similarly charged bodies repel each other and oppositely charged bodies attract each other
.11 describes induction and how the induction of an electrode may cause it to become charged
.12 describes how a charged electrode may be discharged
.13 states that a discharge releases energy which may cause a spark
2.2 Properties of petroleum (0.5 hour)
.1 states that crude petroleum as discharged at the well head is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbon
molecules
.2 states that the molecules are termed 'light' or 'heavy'
according to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule
.3 states that the boiling point of the constituent compounds range from -162C (methane) to a value in excess of 140C
.4 states that the composition of petroleum depends on the source
.5 states that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from those which are partly gaseous under normal
atmospheric conditions to those which are liquid and solid
.6 states that crude oil is split into fractions in an oil refinery process termed as 'distillation'
.7 states that heavy fractions (containing a large number of
carbon atoms) can be split into lighter fractions (containing a smaller number of carbon atoms) by means of an oil
refinery process termed as 'cracking'
.8 states that each petroleum fraction has a range of physical properties specific to itself
.9 defines the volatility of petroleum as the tendency of crude oil or an oil product to produce gas
.10 states that volatility is characterised by the vapour pressure
.11 states that the true vapour pressure (TVP) of a petroleum mixture is difficult to measure, but that a correlation exists
between TVP and Reid vapour pressure (RVP), which is relatively easy to measure
.12 states that the carriage of petroleum and petroleum products in bulk poses health and environmental hazards
2.3 Hazards associated with the handling and carriage of petroleum (5 hours)
Toxicity in general (0.5 hour)
.1 states that poisoning may occur orally, through inhalation or by skin contact
.2 states that poisoning may be acute or chronic
.3 states that the toxicity of a substance is difficult to measure and that it is therefore rated on the basis of studies
performed on animals and extrapolated from the human body
.4 lists and describes the criteria by which toxicity is measured and expressed
Toxicity of petroleum (0.5 hour)
.5 describes the effects of ingesting petroleum
.6 describes the effects of petroleum on the skin and in the eyes
.7 states that the main effects of petroleum gas on persons and the complications it may cause
.8 describes the symptoms of narcosis
.9 states that the toxicity of petroleum gas varies widely, depending on its main hydrocarbon constituents
.10 lists typical toxic constituents of petroleum gas
.11 describes the threshold limit value (TLV) that is generally accepted for petroleum gas
.12 states that this TLV must NOT be taken as applicable to gas mixtures containing benzene or hydrogen sulphide
.13 states that the human body can tolerate a concentration above TLV for short periods
.14 explains why:
-
.15 states that leaded gasoline is considerably more toxic than unleaded gasoline if ingested or absorbed through the skin
but there is little difference between toxicity of vapours of leaded and unleaded petroleum
Toxicity of inert gas (0.5 hour)
.16 states that the main hazard associated with inert gas is its low oxygen content, but that it may also contain toxic gases
.17 states that the main hazard associated with inert gas is its low oxygen content, but that it may also contain toxic gases
.18 describes the fate of the nitrogen oxides in fresh flue gas
.19 states that nitrogen dioxide is more toxic than nitric oxide
.20 states that:
-
the sulphur dioxide content depends on the sulphur content of the fuel oil and on the efficiency of the scrubber
.36 states that for many safety related rules, a division has been made between hydrocarbon liquids with a flashpoint of
60C and above and those with a flashpoint below that temperature
.37 identifies a flammability composition diagram and with the aid of the diagram describes the effects of:
- gas-freeing
- purging
-
open fires
naked lights
- electrostatic discharges
.39 describes the process of gas evolution in a tank
,40 lists causes for this gas to be expelled from a tank
.41 explains the dangers of gas dispersion for the ship's accommodation and terminal jetties
.42 states that the dispersion of air/vapour mixtures to be below LFL is speeded up by strong winds
Electrostatic hazards (1 hour)
.43 explains what charge separation is and when it occurs
.44 explains that no hazard exists if the different materials remain in contact and immobile relative to one another
.45 states that a large voltage differential develops after charge separation
.46 explains the creation of an electric field
.47 describes the charge separation within a conductor in an electrostatic field
.48 describes the process of charge relaxation and factors relevant to relaxation
.49 states that highly conductive materials can retain their charge if insulated by a poor conductor
.50 states that an electrical breakdown between two points, giving rise to a discharge, depends on the strength of
the electrostatic field between the points
.51 states that a field strength of 3000 KV per meter is sufficient to cause the breakdown of air or petroleum gases
.52 states that field strength near protrusions is greater than the overall field strength, and that a discharge may occur
between a protrusion and the space around it or between a protrusion and another object nearby
.53 states that single-electrode discharges are unlikely to lead to explosions on tankers
.54 gives examples of two-electrode discharges and describes when these discharges may cause ignition
.55 describes the instantaneous release of energy with respect to:
- conductors
- liquid non-conductors
- solid non-conductors
- intermediate liquid & solid non-conductors
3. Safety (6 hours)
3.1 General precautions
precautions (0.5 hour)
.1 explains the desirability of eliminating both flammable atmospheres and sources of ignition, but that this is not always
possible
.2 lists pump-room and tank deck as possibly having flammable atmospheres and the accommodation as possibly having
ignition sources
.3 explains that the accommodation should therefore be kept free of flammable gases
.4 explains that the pump-room, cargo deck, deck stores, forecastle, centre castle, dry cargo holds etc. should be kept free
ignition sources
.5 states that inert gas increases the safety from fire and explosion but does not obviate the need for precautions
.6 describes the danger of mixing bunkers with volatile cargo
.7 states that smoking may only be permitted at times and in places specified by the Master and that additional restrictions
may apply in port
.8 states that matches and lighters may only be used in designated smoking areas and may not be carried in places where
hydrocarbon vapours may be encountered
.9 states that naked lights and open flame are prohibited in places where hydrocarbon vapours may be encountered
.10 explains that care should be taken to ensure the integrity of pump-room lighting, and describes the precautions to
be taken if additional lighting is required
.11 states that portable and permanent notices prohibiting smoking and naked lights should be conspicuously exhibited
.12 describes the special precautions for galleys and galley personnel
.13 lists electrical and electronic equipment which should not be permitted on tank decks or other areas where
flammable gas may be encountered
.14 explains precautions to be taken before hammering, sandblasting or using power tools
.15 explains the dangers of non-inerted tanks
.16 lists the precautions to be taken when hot work is to be undertaken in a cargo tank
.17 states that periodic gas tests should be carried out during the work
.18 lists the precautions for hot work on pipes
.19 describes the permits required for work alongside a jetty involving hot work or electrical equipment
.20 states that no maintenance, dismantling or modification should take place at a tanker berth without written permission
from the terminal manager
.2 correctly carries out instrument-check procedures and gas measurements, using the above gas indicators
.3 explains why a catalytic-filament combustible-gas indicator is unsuitable for measuring hydrocarbon vapours in an inert
atmosphere
3.5 FireFire-fighting principles - revision (1
( hour)
.1 lists the methods of controlling a fire as:
-
cooling
inhibition of burning process
.2 states that:
-
it is readily available
it has an effective cooling action
it should not be used on oil fires as a jet, but as a spray or fog
.6 states that when HALON was used as a fire extinguishing agent, there were two types:
- Halon 1211 - used in portable extinguishers
- Halon 1301 - used in fixed extinguishers
.7 states that HALON as a fire-fighting agent has been decommissioned under the Montreal Protocol
.8 states that under IMO guidelines, as of 01.1.1994 HALON has been prohibited on new ships built after this date
.9 states that for existing installations IMO has not set a deadline as all Halon use on board will eventually be decommissioned based on the de-commissioning of Halon ashore
.10 states that there are regulations for the protection of cargo tanks, the cargo tank deck area and pump-rooms
.11 states that:
-
the protection of cargo tank deck area shall be achieved by a fixed deck foam system
- the protection of cargo tanks shall be achieved by a fixed inert gas system
.14 states that some tankers may be exempted from the inert gas requirements owing to the size or age
.15 states that an inert gas system is required on all new tankers and most existing tankers of 20,000 dwt and above
3.6 Protective equipment (1 hour)
.1 acts as a member of a team and takes charge of team exercises with:
-
- resuscitation equipment
- SCBA
.1 states that an oil tanker must comply with constructional requirements with respect to:
segregated ballast capacity
slop-tank capacity
- limitation of tank size
- survival capability in case of damage
- overboard piping arrangements
- emergency towing arrangements
.2 states that an oil tanker must have approved equipment for:
-
monitoring and controlling discharges of oil and oil/water mixtures into the sea
establishing the oil/water interface in slop-tanks
.3 states that the ship and its equipment shall be maintained in satisfactory condition
.4 states that different requirements may apply to certain oil tankers such as:
.5 states that such different requirements are reflected in the IOPP Certificate
4.2 Operational pollution (1 hour)
At sea
.1 states that load-on-top (LOT) procedures are normally allowed on oil tankers
.2 states that the discharge provisions applicable to oil must be complied with
.3 states that, when discharge into the sea in compliance with the discharge provisions is not possible, oil and oily
mixtures should be discharged to shore reception facilities
.4 states that reception facilities require notice, including information on produce and quantity
.5 states that the Masters must send a report to the Flag State in case of any inadequacies observed regarding
reception facilities
.6 states that sea surface and discharge outlets must be observed when discharging ballast or decanting slop-tanks
.7 states that the surface of clean or segregated ballast must be observed prior to discharge
.8 states that the pumps must be running before opening sea inlets to prevent pipeline contents polluting the sea
In port
.9 states that:
- moorings must be kept adjusted when a ship is alongside to prevent the ship from ranging
- oil/water levels must be watched in cargo and slop-tanks when handling ballast or cargo
- over side discharge scuppers must be plugged when handling cargo or ballast, or when bunkering
- sea valves must be closed and secured during cargo work
- a watch must be kept both at the manifold and when patrolling the deck
- hoses and loading arms must be drained before disconnecting
4.3 Oil Record Book (ORB) (1 hour)
.1 states that the ship is provided with an ORB
.2 states that the format of ORB is uniform and that all operations involving oil and oily mixtures should be
recorded, where possible in coded entries
.3 states that, where the use of coded entries is not possible, entries should be recorded in English or French in
addition to the national language (Flag State)
.4 explains that coded entries and the use of English or French are to facilitate inspection by foreign authorities
.5 states that foreign authorities may ask to inspect the book and have copies of entries certified as true entries by the
master, and that the ship is required to co-operate in these matters
.6 states that ORB must be kept on board in a readily available location and must be preserved for a period of three years
following the date of last entry
4.4 Action in case of oil spills (1 hour) At sea
.1 states that all oil spills must be reported
.2 states that the initial report must be sent to the nearest coastal State as soon as possible and by the fastest
telecommunication means available
.3 lists the contents of initial report as:
- name of ship
- frequency or radio channel guarded
- name, address and contact details of owner and representative
- type of ship
- date and time (UTC) of the incident
- description of the incident, including damage sustained
- ship's position, course, speed, as appropriate at time of incident
- type of oil involved
- other cargo carried
.4 states that a follow-up report should be sent as further details become available In port
.5 lists the following actions to be taken:
- duty officer to shut down pumping and close valves from which oil is escaping
- duty officer to call master and chief officer
- duty officer to alert engine room and if necessary have them pressurise the fire main
- chief officer to prepare fire-fighting gear if necessary
- Master to inform terminal
-
if the spill is on deck, chief officer to organize treatment with absorbent material
Safety considerations
.1 states that an oil tanker can be divided into fore part, tank area and after part, and the tank area is separated, from
fore and after parts, by means of cofferdams
.2 states that accommodation spaces, main cargo control stations and service spaces must be positioned aft of the
tank area, but that some exceptions to this rule are possible
.3 states that the navigation bridge may be fitted above the tank area where necessary, but that there must be an open
space between the navigation bridge and the cargo tank deck
states that means must be provided to keep deck spills away from the accommodation
states that entrances, air inlets and openings to accommodation, service spaces and control stations shall not face the
cargo area
states that windows and side scuttles facing the cargo area and for some distance away from the cargo area on each side
must be of non-opening type
states that special requirements have been laid down for the fire integrity of bulkheads and decks of oil tankers
states that oil tanker design will change in future as double- hull phasing in has commenced
states that double-hull phase in is being effected under IMO regulations as well as OPA 90
.10 states that double-hull phase in is dependent on the year of build of the ship and that by 2015 all tankers will be
double- hulled
.11 states that under IMO rules the alternative mid-deck design is also acceptable
.12 explains the merits and demerits of double hull and mid deck tanker designs
.13 draws the cross section of:
double hull tanker
mid-deck tanker
.14 states that as per revised Annex I of MARPOL 73/78, from 2007 the pump-room will have a double bottom
protection
Environmental considerations
.15 defines segregated ballast tank (SBT)
.16 describes which oil tankers must be provided with SBT
.17 describes that the capacity and distribution of SBT must be such that:
-
at all stages of the voyage, the ship is trimmed by stern with the propeller submerged
.18 states that product tankers of 40,000 tonnes DWT and above built before 1980 may, in lieu of SBT, operate with
dedicated clean ballast tanks (CBT)
.19 states that crude oil tankers of 40,000 tonnes DWT and above built before 1980 may, in lieu of SBT, be equipped and
operated with a crude oil washing (COW) system
.20 defines CBT
.21 states that capacity requirements of CBT are similar to those of SBT
.22 explains how SBT and CBT contribute towards the protection of the marine environment
.23 lists the advantages of SBT over CBT
.24 explains how COW contributes towards the protection of the marine environment
.25 states that crude oil tankers of 20,000 tonnes DWT and above built after 1979 must be provided with and operate a
COW system in addition to SBT
.26 states that oil tankers may have been provided with SBT even if not required to do so, but the capacity need not
necessarily comply with the international requirements
.27 states that, on tankers built after 1979, the location of SBT offers protection to some extent against oil spills caused
by stranding or collision
.28 states that subdivision and stability requirements for oil tankers are intended to provide survival capability in case of
stranding or collision damage
.29 states that there are requirements with respect to the number and minimum capacity of slop-tanks
.30 states that the applicability of some IMO requirements depends on the age or size of the oil tanker
-
.31 states that all of the above requirements apply equally to combination carriers
.32 states that there are additional requirements for combination carriers concerning slop-tanks and cargo lines in wing
tanks
.33 states that tankers aged 5 years and over are subject to an enhanced survey programme
5.2 Pumping, piping and discharge arrangements (1.5 hours)
.1 describes an oil tanker's cargo system
.2 explains the difference between a free-flow tanker and a pipeline tanker
.3 explains the advantages and limitations of the free-flow system
.4 states that:
- pipeline systems on board tankers differ in their degree of sophistication, depending on employment of the
tanker
-
.5 states that all oil tankers require a high overboard line, enabling discharge above the waterline
.6 describes the 'stripping system'
.7 states that stripping is essential to reduce cargo residues in tanks and pipelines
.8 states that stripping system is important to handle tank draining when tank washing
.9 states that not all tankers have separate stripping systems
.10 states that large crude oil tankers need to have a means of emptying pump lines and discharging the residues via a
special small-diameter pipeline
.11 describes:
- a gate or sluice valve
- a butterfly valve
- a non-return valve
- an angle stop valve
.12 explains that a pressure-relief valve is needed only for positive displacement pumps and in the discharge of
the pump
.13 explains that the pressure-relief valve re-circulates the oil into the suction side of the pump
.14 explains that a non-return valve is fitted on the discharge side of the pump to prevent oil flowing back when the pump
stops
.15 explains why many deep-well pumps do not have non-return valves
.16 describes an eductor with the aid of a drawing
.17 explains that an eductor is frequently used for discharging ballast and stripping tank-washing slops
5.3 Cargo heating systems (0.5 hpur)
.3 states that steel heating coils suffer serious corrosion attack from crude oil cargoes but may be used for cargoes of
lubricating oil
.4 explains why wing tanks generally require more steam than cargo tanks
.5 states that bitumen requires far more heat than other oils and may therefore only be carried in special ships
.6 states that slop-tanks are heated to facilitate the separation of water and oil
5.4 Venting arrangements (1 hour)
.1 states that petroleum gas is expelled from cargo tank vents during many cargo handling and associated operations
.2 states the importance of such gases being sufficiently
dispersed to prevent the creation of flammable gas mixtures
.3 states that there can be flammable gas concentrations
external to cargo tanks in the case of volatile cargoes with a high vapour pressure
.4 lists a few examples of such cargoes and situations which lead to gas evolution
.5 explains gas evolution and venting during loading
.6 lists other operations leading to venting of gas
.7 explains gas dispersion and variables affecting gas dispersion
.8 states that wind can assist in gas dispersion
.9 states that the venting system of cargo tanks is entirely distinct from such systems in other compartments of the ship
.10 states that venting arrangements may be independent for each cargo tank or combined with those for other tanks
.11 states that, in the latter case, means are provided to isolate each cargo tank
.12 states that venting system must be provided with devices to prevent the passage of flame into the cargo tanks
.13 states that provisions must be made to guard against liquid rising in the venting system to a height which would
exceed the design head of the cargo tanks
.14 states that such provision shall include high-level alarms or overflow control systems, together with gauging
devices and tank-filling control procedures
.15 states that the height of vent openings must be not less than 2 meters above the deck
.16 states that distances above deck and away from openings are dependent on the fitting of high-velocity vents
.17 states that PV valves must be fitted
.18 explains the reason for, and the functioning of PV valves
.19 explains, with the aid of a drawing, the functioning of purge pipes
.20 states that as per SOLAS amendments, tankers carrying petroleum products require secondary means of venting
.21 states that the above amendment is applicable to tankers that carry petroleum products with a flashpoint less than
60C or crude oil
.22 explains the secondary means of venting
.23 explains vapour recovery line construction arrangements as per MARPOL Annex VI
5.5 Level gauges (0.5 hour)
.1 describes, with aid of drawing, the operating principle of:
-
bubbler gauges
radioactive gauges
surface-sensing-type-gauges
.2 describes the terms 'accuracy' and 'repeatability' and the factors influencing both
5.6 Environmental protection equipment (4 hours)
In case a simulator is provided, training for Sec. 5.6 can be done on a simulator (suggested Ex.6, 7)
.1 states that compliance with discharge provisions is further ensured by an oil discharge monitoring and control
system
.2 describes what the system must be able to do
.3 describes the meaning of starting interlock
.4 describes the effects of malfunctioning of the system
.5 states that the malfunctioning equipment should be repaired before the next ballast voyage
.6 states how long records must be maintained
.7 states that any failure or malfunctioning of the equipment must be recorded in the oil record book
.8 lists the different principles involved in measuring oil content as ultraviolet fluorescence, turbidity measurement, light
absorption, gas measurement and infra-red absorption
.9 lists the advantages and disadvantages of the principles involved
.10 states that effective LOT procedures depend on determination of the oil/water interface in slop-tanks and other factors
.11 explains, with the aid of drawing, the operating principle of a portable oil/water interface detector
.13 states that an insulating flange (or an insulating length of hose) should be fitted
.14 explains that:
metal on the seaward side of the insulation should be electrically continuous to the ship
- metal on the landward side of the insulation should be electrically continuous to the shore
6.2 Loading and discharging operations (3 hours)
In case a simulator is provided, training for Sec. 6.2 can be done on a simulator (suggested Ex.3)
.1 explains how volume of oil on board can be determined by means of soundings or ullage measurements and
calibration tables
.2 explains that, in order to calculate the cargo lifted, the oil volume must be converted to weight by multiplication by
its specific gravity (density at 15C in vacuum)
.3 defines specific gravity (density at 15C in vacuum)
.4 explains that relative density depends on temperature
.5 states that information on relative density used by the terminal is based on the standard temperature of 60F
.6 states that an alternative scale of the weight/volume ratio that is used in the oil industry is the API scale
.7 defines the API scale
.8 lists units commonly used in the oil industry:
-
cubic feet
cubic meters
tonnes of 1000 Kg
- the mass of full cargo to be lifted, given deadweight scales, loading and discharge port, length of voyage, ballast fuel,
stores and consumption
- the volume of cargo that can be lifted, given the relative density or API at 60F and the cargo temperature
- whether bending, hogging, and sheering stresses are within acceptable limits, given the load distribution and
appropriate graphs
.11 states that the loading and discharging plan must take into account the ship's stability
.12 states that an emergency shutdown procedure must be agreed upon between ship and terminal
.13 explains that loading should initially be by gravity
.14 explains the checks to be carried out after pumps have been started
.15 states that, when discharging is about to begin, the shore valves to receiving tanks must be opened before the tanker's
manifold valves are opened
.16 explains that special measures are necessary when pressure might exist in the shore line and no check valves are fitted
.17 explains the danger of line blowing and the precautions to be taken
. 18 states that special procedures apply for ship-to-ship transfers
6.3 Ballasting and dede-ballasting (1 hour)
In case a simulator is provided, training for Sec. 6.3 can be done on a simulator (suggested Ex.3)
.1 states that ballast quantity is at the discretion of the master
.2 describes considerations affecting ballast quantity and the tanks to be used
.3 states that due account should be taken of stress forces when choosing ballast tanks and while ballasting or deballasting is in progress
.4 lists additional considerations influencing ballast quantity as lightening operations, passing under bridges, berth
constraints and draught requirements for fairway/channels
.5 states that ballasting and de-ballasting often take place in stages, such as:
- at the discharge terminal
- during sea passage
- when heavy weather is expected
- prior to arrival in loading port
- at the loading terminal
.6 explains that ballasting operations whilst alongside should be discussed with the terminal prior to commencement
.7 states that, in earlier times, ballast was always taken into cargo tanks
.8 states that, at a later period, tankers were provided with segregated ballast capacity for coming alongside and leaving
the jetty
.9 explains that, on oil tanker provided with SBT or operating with CBT, there may be reasons for taking additional ballast
in cargo tanks
.10 describes CBT operations during a normal tanker voyage in general terms
.11 states that CBT operations appropriate to a ship are contained in an approved Dedicated Clean Ballast Tank Operation
Manual
.12 states that, if no SBT or CBT capacity has been provided, or if additional ballast is required, ballast must be taken into
dirty cargo tanks
.13 states that this will constitute dirty ballast
.14 states that the discharge of dirty ballast is subject to discharge provisions
.15 lists the discharge provisions for oil and oily mixtures from the cargo-tank area of all oil tankers
.16 states that the discharge provisions do not apply to clean ballast or to segregated ballast
.17 defines clean ballast
.18 describes the change of ballast at sea in compliance with the discharge requirements
.19 states that the ballast change is necessary to arrive in the loading port with clean ballast
.20 states that LOT procedures result in oily water collecting in the slop-tanks
.21 states that more stringent discharge provisions apply in certain sea areas, called special areas
.22 lists the special areas under Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 as:
-
Antarctic Area
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
Gulf Area
Red Sea
- North-West European Waters
.23 states that under the revised Annex I of MARPOL 73/78, likely to be in force from 1st January 2007, Oman Sea Area
will also be declared as a special area
.24 states that more areas can be declared as special areas in the future
.25 states that only clean and segregated ballast may be discharged within special areas
.26 states that, on ships equipped with COW system, ballast should not be put into cargo tanks unless these have been
crude oil washed
.27 describes COW operations
.28 states that, in view of explosion hazards, COW must take place in an inerted tank atmosphere
.29 lists as explosion hazards:
-
.30 states that some crude oils are unsuitable for COW
.31 states that tanks which have been crude oil washed require additional water washing before taking in clean ballast
.32 states that a description of the COW system on board and of the correct operation of the system are contained in an
approved COW Operations and Equipment Manual
.33 states that all ballast - segregated, clean and dirty - should be discharged above the waterline
.34 lists the conditions in which discharge is permitted below the waterline
.35 states that particular care must be taken when ballasting some double hull tankers due to possible loss of stability
6.4 Tank cleaning (1 hour)
.1 lists the reason for tank washing as cleaning cargo tanks for the next cargo, cleaning cargo tanks for clean ballast, sludge
control, tank entry for repairs, or dry-docking
.2 describes tank cleaning with:
-
cold water
hot water
- chemicals
.3 states that tank cleaning produces large quantities of oil- contaminated water
.4 states that the volume of water may be reduced if tanks have first been crude oil washed
.5 describes tank washing with portable and fixed machines
.6 describes movements of single- and multiple-nozzle machines states that tank washing stirs up oily residues within a
tank,
.7 thereby generating hydrocarbon gas
.8 states that tank washing also causes electrostatic hazards as a result of water mist, water slugs and introduction into the
tanks of portable tank-washing machines
.9 states that, because of the factors described in objectives 6.4.7 and 6.4.8, the tank atmosphere should be made safe
against explosions and that:
- this could be done by washing tanks in a too-lean, a too-rich or an inert atmosphere
- it is difficult to maintain a too-rich atmosphere
- if the ship is so equipped, tank washing should be done in an inert atmosphere
- an inert atmosphere is imperative if using high-capacity washing machines, crude oil washing, or washing in the
re-circulation mode
.10 states that tank washing water should be transferred to the slop-tank
.11 describes tank washing with the open-cycle and closed- cycle (re-circulation) modes
.12 lists the precautions to be taken when tanks must be washed in an uncontrolled atmosphere
6.5 SlopSlop-tank operations (1 hour)
.1 describes why slop-tanks are essential for effective LOT procedures
.2 states that oil tankers require one or two slop-tanks, depending on the size of the vessel
.3 states that, during changing of ballast, the slop-tanks receive the oily part of the dirty ballast
.4 with the aid of a drawing, explains slop-tank operations with one or two slop-tanks during tank washing and
decanting
.5 states that slop-tank fills rapidly during open-cycle tank
washing, but that during closed-cycle tank washing the level of the slop-tank also rises
.6 explains this rise in level
.7 states that slop-tanks can be heated for better separation of oil and water
.8 states that decanting operations come under the discharge requirements
.9 explains why, if LOT procedures have been properly
executed, the slop-tank should contain oil, emulsion and water upon arrival in the loading port
.10 states that a cargo of crude oil may be loaded on top of the contents of the slop-tank
.11 describes what is decanting
6.5 Purging and gasgas-freeing (1 hour)
In case a simulator is provided, training for Sec. 6.6 can be done on a simulator (suggested Ex.4)
.1 lists the reasons for gas-freeing as tank washing, tank entry or repairs
.2 defines gas-freeing as the replacement of hydrocarbon vapour or inert gas by air
.3 explains that accommodation openings should be closed when purging or gas-freeing
.4 explains that hydrocarbon gas remains inside a tank after cargo discharge
.5 explains that such vapours may be mixed with inert gas in IGS-fitted ships or with air in ships not fitted with
an IGS
.6 states that there is no explosive atmosphere in an inerted tank
.7 explains why atmosphere should never be allowed to come within the flammable range when gas-freeing an
inerted tank
.8 defines purging with inert gas as replacing the hydrocarbon vapours with inert gas
.9 explains, with the aid of a flammability composition diagram, how purging will prevent a flammable
atmosphere developing within a tank
.10 explains how gas-freeing a non-inerted tank will result in the tank atmosphere being in the explosive range
for some time
.11 states that gas-freeing is done by portable fans or fixed ventilating systems
.12 states that the IGS is used for purging and may also be used for gas-freeing
.13 states that gas-freeing may take place through displacement or mixing
.14 describes both methods in general terms
.15 defines a gas-free tank
.16 explains why a tank atmosphere may become dangerous again if ventilation is discontinued
.17 states that the inert gas supply must be blanked off or the valve closed in the branch piping to a gas-free tank
.18 lists the general safety precautions applicable when gas- freeing
6.6 Ship/shore
Ship/shore liaison (1 hour)
.1 lists the information to be provided by the terminal for loading and for discharging
.2 lists the information to be provided by the tanker for loading and for discharging
.3 states that an operational agreement should be made in writing before loading or discharging
.4 lists and explains the subjects to be covered by the loading and discharging plan
.5 describes pre-loading tank inspection, and the limitations when surveyors cannot enter a tank
.6 states that:
-
both parties should therefore establish, agree in writing and maintain reliable primary and stand-by
communications system
.7 states that, when different grades of oil are handled, their names and description should be clearly understood by
both parties
.8 states that ship/shore safety checklist should be completed jointly by ship and shore staff
. 9 generally describes the checklist and explains the reason and relevance of the check items
the speed of turbine driven pumps can be varied by adjusting the steam supply to the turbine
a turbine driven pump has a tachometer in addition to the three gauges
electrically driven pumps may be designed to run at constant speed
- an electrically driven pump has a volt and ampere meter to indicate power and load in addition to the three gauges
.37 states that centrifugal pumps are capable of being driven at high speed, that the cargo cools the pump and that loss
of suction entails the danger of overheating and fire
.38 describes the working of a rotary positive displacement pump, explaining that such pumps are self priming
.39 explains why such pumps are not in general use on board oil tankers
.40 describes the working of a screw pump, explaining that such pumps are self-priming
.41 states that screw pumps are capable of being driven at high speed
.42 explains why few oil tankers are equipped with screw pumps .43 explains the products for which screw pumps are
suitable
7.2 Pressure surge (1 hour)
.1 explains how a pressure surge occurs
.2 describes what may be the result of a pressure surge leading to excessive pressure stresses
.3 lists the three pressure components in liquid being pumped
.4 explains how the rapid closure of a valve can superimpose an additional pressure on the liquid
.5 describes the effects closing the valve will have:
downstream
upstream
-
at the pump
.6 describes the pressures to which the pump is subjected
.7 states that 2L/a is known as the pipeline period
.8 defines L as the length of piping and a as the speed of sound in the liquid
.9 states that the system is liable to serious pressure surges if valve closure time is equal to or less than the pipeline
period
.10 explains why long pipelines are more liable to pressure surges and that valve closure times must be adjusted
accordingly
.11 states that offshore moorings are liable to have long pipelines
.12 lists measures to prevent pressure surges as:
a reduction in the linear flow rate
- an increase in the effective valve closure time
fire alarm
C02 alarm
.2 states that other important alarms are:
inert gas alarm
high-level alarm
engine room alarms
bridge alarms
-
accommodation alarms
galley alarms
8.3 Emergency
Emergency organization (0.5 hour)
.1 states the need for an emergency organization and lists the main components of the organization as:
a command centre located in a normally safe position on the vessel, with communication equipment
readily available
an alternative emergency position to be identified if the normal command centre cannot be occupied
a senior officer identified as being in control during the emergency, with another senior officer being
identified as his/her deputy
an emergency team formed under the control of crew members to take action as directed from the
command centre
a second emergency team formed to assist the emergency team as necessary
an engineering team formed under the control of a senior engineer
.2 states the need for realistic drills to be undertaken periodically
8.4 Action on discovering an emergency (0.5 hour)
.1 states that if an emergency occurs the immediate action must be to:
-
9.
.19 describes the two functions of the gas pressure regulating valve
.20 states that the valve is automatically controlled by means of a pressure transmitter and pressure controller
.21 by means of sketches, shows different arrangements for controlling the inert gas pressure in the inert gas main, i.e.:
throttling the regulating valve
.24 describes when automatic shut down of the gas regulating valve is required
9.5
.6 states that heating arrangements should be provided to prevent freezing of the seal
.7 states that sight glasses and inspection openings should be provided to allow inspection
.8 explains the two functions of the deck mechanical nonreturn valves
.9 states that the deck mechanical non-return valve should be located forward of the deck water seal and be fitted with a
positive means of closure
.10 states that, alternatively, a separate deck isolating valve must be fitted
.11 explains the advantages of having a separate deck isolating valve
9.6
.3 states that the inert gas piping may also serve as vent piping
.4 states that, in such cases, the inert gas main ends in the riser
5 states that other venting arrangements are possible
.6 states that the inert gas and venting system must allow for:
- gas-freeing
- purging
- inerting
- cargo and ballast handling
- tank entry
.7 states that for those purposes the following provisions must be made:
- blanks or valves to isolate tanks
- vent stacks or vent risers
- p/v valves
- liquid-filled p/v breakers
.8 sketches a typical inert gas and vent piping arrangement, illustrating the location of the above provisions and
describing the above operations
.9 describes mixing and displacement methods for changing the atmosphere in tanks
.10 describes, with the aid of sketches, the functioning of a liquid-filled p/v breaker
.11 explains why the liquid level in the breaker and the specific gravity of the liquid are important.
9.7
GasGas-analysing,
analysing, recording and indicating equipment (0.5 hour)
.1 lists the requirements for a fixed oxygen analyser
.2 describes where a sampling point should be provided for use with portable instruments
.3 states that portable instruments must be provided for
measuring concentrations of oxygen and flammable vapour
.4 explains the limitations of meters working on the catalytic- filament principle
.5 states that all metal parts of portable instruments and sampling tubes introduced into a tank should be earthed
against the ship's structure
9.8
Operations (2 hours)
In case a simulator is provided, training for Sec. 9.8 can be done on a simulator (suggested Ex.2)
those openings are closed when the oxygen content has fallen below 8 % by volume
tanks are pressurised in excess of 100 mm water gauge and kept in common with the inert gas main
.9 states that good quality inert gas (02 content < 5% by volume) must be used for topping up
.10 explains why the inert gas pressure may have to be decreased initially before discharge commences
.11 states that:
tanks should then be pressurised before discharge
discharge should not commence before all of the conditions are in order
oxygen content of the inert gas in the main should be continuously recorded
.12 explains how inert gas containment can be practised by transferring inert gas from cargo tanks being loaded to those
being de-ballasted
-
.13 states that the measures to be taken before ballasting cargo tanks are the same as those before loading
.14 states that simultaneous cargo and ballast handling requires careful monitoring of the quality and pressure of inert gas
.15 states that, during the ballast voyage, all tanks other than those to be gas-freed should be kept inerted
.16 states that, before inert gas is introduced into a cargo tank, it should be established that the oxygen content of the gas is
10
alarms
Crude oil washing (COW) (5 hours) STCW Code Sec. A-V/1 pa. 10, 12 In case a simulator is
.3 states that COW is mandatory for many crude oil tankers under international pollution regulations
.4 states that the International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificate of the ship indicates if COW is mandatory
.5 explains that not effecting COW operations when so
required is a contravention of international rules which may lead to fines and detention of the ship
10.2 Design of COW systems (1 hour)
.1 states that the design of COW systems must comply with international specifications
.2 lists the following items as part of a COW system:
- Pump
- Piping
- fixed washing machines
- stripping system
.3 states that a ship effecting COW operations must have an operational inert gas system
.1 states that the pumps used for COW may be cargo pumps or dedicated pumps
.2 states that, if cargo pumps are used, the COW supply may be either bled off the discharge piping or delivered by one
pump
.3 describes how, in former case, to ensure sufficient pressure in the COW piping if the terminal presents too little backpressure
10.6
.1 states that a ship under obligation to use COW is provided with a COW Operations and Equipment Manual, which is
of standard format
.6 states that, for sludge-control purposes, no tank need be washed more than once every four months
.7 states that, before arrival in the discharging port, the COW system should be examined whilst under pressure
.8 states that COW should be carried out in accordance
with the parameters set out in the COW Operations and Equipment Manual for:
- number of washing machines
- pressure of washing fluid
- duration of washing
- program of washing machine
- trim of ship
- stripping requirements
.9 states that washing fluid may be obtained from the discharge line or from the slop-tank
.10 states that only dry crude may be used
.11 defines dry crude
.12 describes this use of dry crude as being a precaution against electrostatic generation
.13 explains that, in order to ensure that dry crude is used for COW, discharge should start with de-bottoming the cargo
tanks which supply the crude for COW
.14 defines de-bottoming as drawing off at least 1 meter of liquid from the cargo tank
.14 explains how to obtain dry crude when using slop-tanks
.15 states that COW, using oil from the slop-tanks, may be effected by the re-circulating method
.16 explains why the level in the slop-tank must be watched
.17 states that COW and cargo operations must be halted if the oxygen content in the tanks rises above 8% by volume
.18 states that, before crude oil washing a tank, the oxygen content in the tank should be measured:
- 1 meter below deck
- in the middle of the ullage space
.20 given a COW Operations and Equipment Manual and a stowage plan, draws up a discharging and COW programme
.21 demonstrates ability to programme and monitor tank washing machines
.22 demonstrates ability to calibrate the oxygen meter and to measure the oxygen content of a cargo tank
.23 using a pumping, piping and COW piping plan, lines up the valves for discharging and COW operations
.24 explains the items of the:
- pre-arrival checklist
- checklist before crude
- checklist during COW
- checklist after COW
.25 explains how the effectiveness of COW can be checked by measuring the amount of oil floating on top of the
departure ballast
.26 explains the measures taken to prevent marine pollution during ballasting and tank-washing operations
.27 explains that all crude oil washing should be completed before the ship leaves its final port of discharge
.28 explains why crude oil washing may have to be carried out at sea
.29 explains that the tanks must be available for inspection at the next port
.30 states that crude oil washing operations should be recorded in the Oil Record Book in accordance with the coded
list of items
.31 explains the importance of maintenance of the COW and inert gas systems:
- states that failure of equipment may lead to COW not being effected
- states that COW not being effected may lead to delays of the ship
- states that the inert gas supply not functioning properly results in cargo operations being suspended
.32 explains the meaning of crude oils not suitable for COW
.33 explains where the information on unsuitable crude oils may be found
.34 states that unsuitable crude oils may not be carried in a tanker under obligation to use COW, unless that tanker
is provided with SBT of sufficient capacity
.35 states that COW operations may come under Port State inspection
Reference
.1 states that the incidences where potentially toxic vapours (the hazard) may be present must be identified
.2 states that:
- exposure to potentially toxic vapours usually involves mixed exposures
- there may be more than one vapour in the process and there may be more than one adverse effect
Dose and effect
.3 states that the dose which will have a critical effect must be identified
.4 states that:
- the relationship between dose and effect is very different from one oil cargo to another
- the frequency of dosing may alter the effect
- in some cases a frequent, low dose exposure may provide a more severe effect than a less frequent but higher dose
Exposure assessment
.5 explains that an exposure assessment must be made from the identification of the potentially toxic vapours and
knowledge of their properties
.6 states that exposure falls into two main types - anticipatable and accidental
.7 states the main difference between anticipatable and accidental exposure as that the first may be calculated and the
other may only be estimated approximately at best
.8 states that anticipatable exposure is that which is likely to occur because of the improper procedures being followed
by the person while handling an oil cargo
.9 states that anticipatable exposure should be obvious in that it must be an identifiable consequence of a defined method
of mishandling
.10 states the importance of proper handling with view to 8.4.8 and 8.4.9
Accidental exposure
.11 states that accidental exposure is that exposure:
- which results from an accident during transport, or during cargo handling
- when more commonly a spillage occurs due to a damaged pipe or other equipment, or a tanker running aground
11.5 Risk management in practice (1 hour)
.1 states that if the result of risk assessment indicates that the risk is too high, risk management must be undertaken with
the aim of risk reduction
.2 states that risk management is a complex issue taking into account many factors such as a wide range of scientific,
technical and legal considerations
.3 states that scientific considerations relate to the chemical and physical properties of the oil/petrochemical product that
are carried
.4 states that the technical aspects relate to the process of carriage, ship type and its equipment
.5 states that the other inter-related factor includes the legal considerations as:
2.2
2.3
legislation which lays down allowable limits of spill (e.g. within or without a special area) and puts specific duties on
management and workers such as MOU being undertaken with respect to PSC
.7 states that on a global basis, the mantle rests with IMO
.8 states that the oil industry plays a vital role in assisting the development of legislation at the international level,
which is later incorporated into the legislation at the national level
.9 states that law covers risk interactions that include workplace, product and the environment
Acceptability of risk
.10 explains that risk management team on board has to
determine that in case of an incident what level of exposure is acceptable to people exposed
.11 states that the acceptable and unacceptable levels are easy to ascertain
.12 states that the ease/difficulty of risk management decision making is dependent as follows:
- ! risk - t safety = easy decision
.13 states that it is usually a level of tolerable exposure lying between these that is difficult to decide
.14 states that, for example, four risk zones can be:
- death or permanent incapacity
- Disability
- Discomfort
- detectability
2.4
2.5
.1 states that there are three fundamental elements that make up effective management of a chemical spill
.2 states the three elements as:
-
a response team
effective communication
.3 explains the response team as typically with functional responsibilities (headed by the Master) to address command,
planning, operations and logistics arrangements
.4 explains that the key aim of the response organization is to rapidly move from reactive to proactive management
.5 further explains that the above may also be conceived as turning the oil spill emergency into a managed project
.6 explains that clear roles and responsibilities amount to a 'job description' for each of the identified personnel on board
the ship
.7 explains that effective communications means information flow within the ship and to the outside world
.8 states that effective communication is a serious challenge and requires both modern technology and disciplined
personnel
.9 states that staff with an identified role in a response plan are given effective training on a regular basis
.10 states that the training on board will include the appropriate level of tuition in oil spill equipment deployment,
depending on their role
.11 states that familiarization with relevant contingency plans and procedures will also form part of the regular training
package on board
.12 states that spill drills are an excellent way to exercise and train personnel in their emergency roles and to test
contingency plans and procedures
.13 states that the planning process is not a one-off event and contingency plans require periodic review and
maintenance
c)
statutory requirements, relevant agreements .7 states that sub-section 2, oil spill risks, includes:
a) Identification of activities and risks
b) types of oils likely to be spilled
c) probable fate of spilled oil
d) development of oil spill scenarios
e) special local considerations
response objectives
2.
3.
4.
5.
strategy for waste storage and disposal
.9 states that sub-section 4, equipment, supplies and services, includes:
a) on board oil spill equipment
b) inspection, maintenance and testing
.10 states that sub-section 5, management, manpower and training, includes:
a) emergency/safety officer
b) incident organization chart
c) manpower availability
d) training/safety schedules and drill/exercise programme
.11 states that sub-section 6, communication and control, includes:
a) command centre on board
b) communications equipment
c)
Actions
.12 states that actions section is sub-divided into 3 sub sections as:
- initial procedures
- control of operations
- termination of operations
.13 states that sub-section 1, initial procedures, includes:
- raising alarm
- assembling full response team
- identifying immediate response priorities
- mobilizing immediate response
- establishing command centre
- identifying resources immediately at risk, informing parties
- deciding to escalate response by informing port/shore authorities
.14 states that sub-section 2, control of operations includes:
- updating information (sea/wind/weather forecasts)
- reviewing and planning operations
- obtaining additional equipment and supplies
- preparing incident log and management of reports
- briefing port officials, operators and local P & I
.15 states that sub-section 3, termination of operations, includes:
- deciding final and optimal levels of emergency operation
- standing-down equipment, cleaning, maintaining, replacing
- preparing formal detailed report
- reviewing plans and procedures from lessons learnt
.16 states that the data section contains:
coastal charts, currents, tidal information (ranges and streams), prevailing winds
- risk locations and probable fate of oil
- sea zones and response strategies
- coastal zones and response strategies
- clean-up waste on board, storage and subsequent disposal ports
13