Spmman Ab PDF
Spmman Ab PDF
Spmman Ab PDF
Digital Energy
SPM
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
PROTECTION AND CONTROL
Instruction Manual
Software Revision: 210.000
Manual P/N: 1601-0072-AB (GEK-113045D)
GE Digital Energy
650 Markland Street
Markham, Ontario
Canada L6C 0M1
Tel: +1 905 927 7070 Fax: +1 905 927 5098
Internet: http://www.gedigitalenergy.com
GE Digital Energys Quality
*1601-0072-AB* Management System is
registered to ISO9001:2008
QMI # 005094
UL # A3775
Copyright 2012 GE Multilin Inc. All rights reserved.
SPM Synchronous Motor Protection and Control Instruction Manual for revision AB.
Multilin DGCM, EnerVista, EnerVista Launchpad, and EnerVista DGCM Setup are registered trademarks of GE Multilin Inc.
The contents of this manual are the property of GE Multilin Inc. This documentation is furnished on license and may not be
reproduced in whole or in part without the permission of GE Multilin Inc. The content of this manual is for informational use
only and is subject to change without notice.
Part number: 1601-0072-AB (April 2013)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The SPM Synchronous Motor Protection and Control relay controls starting, synchronizing, and protection of
1
collector-ring and brushless type synchronous motors.
The SPM control functions for starting synchronous motors include accurate sensing of motor speed and rotor
angle, allowing the unit to apply excitation at optimum speed and angle. This permits closer matching of the
motor to the load. Optimum application of excitation also reduces power system disturbance, which occurs
when the motor goes through a complete slip cycle with the field energized. In addition, the SPM can take
advantage of the extended stall time of a reduced voltage start. It also responds with the proper application of
excitation in the event that the motor synchronizes on reluctance torque.
The SPM provides the functions necessary to protect the motor during startup and in the event of asynchro-
nous operation. During startup and restarting, the SPM prevents overheating of the cage winding. To protect
against asynchronous operation, the motor power factor is monitored. Two modes of pull-out protection can trip
the motor if resynchronization does not occur after a programmed time delay. Motor run time and the number
and type of trips are recorded.
The SPM has an optional power factor regulator containing five adjustable setpoints that can be changed while
the motor is running for convenient regulator tune-up.
A backlit LCD display and keys allow user configurable setting ranges to meet many applications. The unit
comes in a compact S1 drawout case.
The SPM can be applied as part of a complete synchronous motor controller. This consists of four parts. A
main device switches the motor on and off the power system. Multifunction digital relays (such as the GE Mul-
tilin 469 Motor Management Relay) provide stator protection. DC field protection and control are provided by
the SPM. The field contactor and field discharge resistor completes the control assembly.
The DC portion of the synchronous motor (rotor assembly) is protected and controlled using a drawout micro-
processor based multifunction relay. The relay is adaptable to either collector-ring or brushless type synchro-
nous motors. Protection features include all of the following:
Cage winding and stall protection during start
Lockout feature to protect a hot rotor after an incomplete start
Incomplete sequence trip due to failed acceleration
Automatic acceleration time adjustment for reduced voltage starting
Power factor (pull-out) trip with auto resynchronizing feature
Loss of DC field current trip
Loss of DC field voltage trip
Field winding overtemperature trip
After a successful start, the relay automatically applies the DC field to the rotor at a prescribed slip and slip
angle to minimize mechanical stresses to the shaft as well as minimizes possible electrical transients to the
power system. This is achieved by a dedicated output to close the DC field contactor. The relay is also capable
of reluctance torque synchronizing (collector-ring machines only).
A dedicated output is provided in the relay to enable the loading of the motor following the DC field application
and unloading of the motor following a trip and/or loss of synchronization (pole slipping).
Control of an SCR type excitation system by means of an analog output to maintain power factor (PF regula-
tion) is available as an option.
The man-machine interface (MMI) consists of a backlit alphanumeric display and a keypad to accommodate
AC BUS
48 SPM
86
94
Stator IAC
Protection 50 55
(469)
VAC
IDC
Calibrator 37
27 26F 95
DC
VDC
CT
MOTOR
48
DC SUPPLY
94
CLUTCH 95
COUPLING
56
96
LOAD
The SPM has all features built into the standard relay and programmable by the user to fit the specific applica-
1
tion. The only option in the order code is for Power Factor Regulation. Some of the standard features require
an optional external hardware package that must be ordered in addition to the relay itself. These separate
packages are explained in the following section.
SPM * *
Base Unit SPM | |
Configuration 0 | Standard starting and protection relay with VDN board
Power Factor regulation option. Used on motors with SCR exciter
PF |
(not recommended for brushless applications)
Harsh Environment 0 Standard meter
H Harsh (chemical) environment conformal coating
1.2.2 ACCESSORIES
PG2SPM: External hardware package for overtemperature and current loss protection up to 200 A
(includes 1-DCCT200 and 1-CM)
PG4SPM: External hardware package for overtemperature and current loss protection up to 400 A
(includes 1-DCCT400 or DCCT500 and 1-CM)
MSPM: Mounting panel to retrofit existing SPM cutouts for SPM
The SPM can be incorporated in synchronous motor control equipment as a complete controller (including an
AC power-switching device for the motor starter) or as a field panel (AC power switching supplied by other
device).
When the SPM is shipped separately, carefully unpack the module and report any observable damage or miss-
ing components to the carrier and to GE Multilin. All included parts are shown in Figure 21: EXPLODED VIEW
OF THE SPM on page 21.
NOTE
1. Slide the relay into the case and close the top and bottom locking tabs.
2. Insert the paddle into the opening at the bottom of the relay.
3. Carefully re-connect the ribbon cable to the cradle assembly.
DO NOT shift or skew the ribbon connector.
NOTE
4. Re-mount the faceplate assembly to the case from the front panel. Slide the faceplate onto the tabs on the
bottom of the frame and then pivot it up into position over the quick release tabs. The faceplate should gen-
tly snap into place.
CAUTION
Wire the SPM using one of the following wiring diagrams (one each for brushless, collector ring, and brushless
and collector ring). Pay particular attention to the CT and PT inputs. These inputs must be connected as shown
below for proper power factor protection.
TYPICAL BRUSHLESS MOTOR CONNECTION
EF1
A T1
FIELD
B T2 SYNC
C T3 MOTOR
EF2
NOMENCLATURE
CM FIELD CURRENT CALIBRATION MODULE
DCCT DIRECT CURRENT CT DCCT
M MAIN CONTACTOR VOLTAGE DIVIDER
OL OVERLOAD RELAY NETWORK (VDN)
T1, T2, T3 MOTOR TERMINALS B1 B2 B3 B4
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES R
I2S I2T I3S I3T VF + A18
EXCITER/FIELD
VOLTAGE
PHASE CURRENT INPUT
VF - A19
NOTES: FC FC
(E+) (V+)
VE+ A21
1) Relays shown with no control power applied to relay (E-) (V-)
VE- A20
*
2) Trip Relay closed during normal operation
SPM
CM CM EXCITER EXCITER
7 8 V- V+
TYPICAL COLLECTOR RING MOTOR CONNECTION
SUPPLY FC
F1
A T1
FIELD
B T2 SYNC
C PHASE C T3 MOTOR FC
F2
FIELD
DISCHARGE
RESISTOR
M
F
( ) (F2)
VOLTAGE
CONTROL
V1 F
POWER
B9
(E+) (V+)
VE+ A21
B10 V2
(E-) (V-)
V- A20
G1 CHASSIS GROUND E
+ DCCT
B8 FILTER GROUND GE POWER MANAGEMENT
SPM -
OL V- V+
A23 TRIP1
VOLTAGE MONITOR
*TRIP
MX A11
DIGITAL INPUTS
MX
A22 TRIP2 M
MX1 A12 EXCITER
CONTACTOR AUX.
FCX
ON REDUCED VOLTAGE
REDUCED
MX A13 N/O
START NX2 A9 STARTERS, REMOVE
OUTPUT RELAYS
FIELD
STOP
(FCX)
M
RS485
A7 FAR 1 OR COMPUTER
FIELD
(FAR)
+ A2
A6 FAR 2
COMM A3
GND
FIELD OPTIONAL
FC CURRENT REF. VOLT.
FIELD PF ANALOG OUTPUT OR
OUTPUT
FACTOR
POWER
3 120 VAC 4
FIELD CURRENT 7
CALIBRATION
MODULE (CM) 8
BRUSHLESS & COLLECTOR RING - 701756AN.CDR
COLLECTOR RING - 701751.DWG
BRUSHLESS - 701753.DWG
FRONT VIEW
QUICK RELEASE TABS
Used to remove display for easy
access to drawout.
GE KEY
Used to enter or exit the different
modes of the SPM. These are
SPM Sync. Protection/Control
Standby, Test, Statistics and
Programming modes.
LCD DISPLAY 2
Back lit 32 character display for
setpoints, actual values and status.
LOCKING PROVISION Programmable auto scan sequence
for unattended operation.
A wire lead seal can be used to
prevent unauthorized removal
of relay. ENTER
SCROLL
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Items in green and white come standard.
Items in yellow are optional.
DISPLAY FUNCTION MENU Items in green are motor type dependent.
Menu of all accessible setpoints DISPLAY SCROLL SETPOINT SCROLL CONTRAST DIAL
AC Amps Power Factor Trip
and actual values for easy reference. Power Factor Power Factor Trip Delay Lightens or darkens display.
DC Amps Power Factor Suppression
DC Volts Power Factor Mode
(Exciter) Field Ohms FAR Delay
CONTRAST
FCX Delay
REAR VIEW
S1 CASE
Compact S1 rugged metal/bakelite TERMINAL BLOCK A
case. Fits standard cutout.
RELAYS TRIP: Normally open,
failsafe trip relay.
FAR: Field application
relay.
FCX: Autoloading of the
motor.
INPUTS EXCITER: Exciter voltage
RS485 GND
FCX N/O
FCX N/C
RS485-
TRP1
FAR1
A
NX2
VE+
VF-
MX
IE+
NC
N+
V2EXT
FAR2
NX1
MX1
FCX COM
N-
VF+
VE-
TRP2
IE-
NC
NC
NC
2.3.2 GROUNDING
The SPM relay must be solidly grounded to a suitable system ground. Extensive filtering and transient protec-
tion has been built into the SPM to ensure proper and reliable operation in harsh industrial environments.
Proper grounding of the chassis ground terminal is critical to en-sure safety and filtering.
The SPM is designed to work from a five ampere (5 A) current transformer (CT) secondary. The current trans-
former must be connected in the proper motor phase. See Figure 23: TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM on page
24 to determine proper phase. For brushless applications, the SPM requires inputs from two motor phases.
This output is a 0 to 10 V DC signal that corresponds linearly to phase shift, and sinusoidal to motor power fac-
tor. 0 V is zero lagging power factor, 5 V is unity power factor, and 10 V is zero leading power factor.
Calibration: 1 volt change corresponds to an 18 phase shift (not available with power factor regulation). Do not
connect less than 1000 to this output.
DC field input must be sensed from a separately purchased DCCT (Direct Current, Current Transformer) and
CM (Calibration Module).
The output of the field exciter must be connected to the SPM through a separate resistor when exciter voltage
failure protection and/or exciter voltage display is required.
This optional output replaces the power factor analog signal output. It consists of a 0 to 10 V DC control signal
which is used to control an SCR Variable Exciter output to obtain motor power factor regulation.
If control voltage excursions occur outside the range of 85 to 265 V AC, a provision is available that will allow 2
the user to connect an external stabilizing transformer for operation with severe control power voltage dips.
The SPM has separate inputs for control power and power factor reference voltage. This allows connection for
control power from a stabilized voltage source of 115 V AC or 230 V AC. Terminal points "V1EXT" and "V2EXT"
have been added to accommodate the separate PF reference voltage.
When terminal points "V1EXT" and "V2EXT" are used to accommodate a separate PF reference voltage, as
described above, a standard protective function will alert the user should this external voltage drop below the
acceptable limits for the SPM power supply. This protection will not allow the motor to start while the external
voltage is missing, but the SPM will not require a reset before the motor can be restarted. If the external refer-
ence voltage is lost while the motor is running, the SPM will trip the motor and will require a reset before the
motor can be restarted. "MISSING VOLTAGE!" will be displayed until reset.
One two-wire RS485 port is provided. Up to 32 SPMs can be daisy-chained together on a communication
channel without exceeding the driver capability. For larger systems, additional serial channels must be added.
It is also possible to use commercially available repeaters to increase the number of relays on a single channel
to more than 32. Suitable cable should have characteristic impedance of 120 (e.g. Belden #9841) and total
wire length should not exceed 4000 ft. Commercially available repeaters will allow for transmission distances
2 greater than 4000 ft.
Voltage differences between remote ends of the communication link are not uncommon. For this reason, surge
protection devices are internally installed across all RS485 terminals. Internally an isolated power supply is
used to prevent noise coupling. To ensure that all devices in a daisy-chain are at the same potential, it is imper-
ative that the common terminals of each RS485 port are tied together and grounded only once, at the master.
Failure to do so may result in intermittent or failed communications. The source computer/PLC/SCADA system
should have similar transient protection devices installed, either internally or externally, to ensure maximum
reliability. To avoid ground loops, ground the shield at one point only as shown below.
Correct polarity is also essential. SPMs must be wired with all '+' terminals connected together, and all '' termi-
nals connected together. Each relay must be daisy-chained to the next one. Avoid star or stub connected con-
figurations. The last device at each end of the daisy chain should be terminated with a 120 , watt resistor in
series with a 1 nF capacitor across the '+' and '' terminals. Observing these guidelines will result in a reliable
communication system immune to system transients.
The most attractive and widely applied method of starting a synchronous motor is to utilize squirrel cage wind-
ings in the pole faces of the synchronous motor rotor. The presence of these windings allows for a reaction (or
acceleration) torque to be developed in the rotor as the AC excited stator windings induce current into the
squirrel cage windings. Thus, the synchronous motor starts as an induction motor. These rotor windings are
frequently referred to as damper or amortisseur windings. The other major function of these windings is to
dampen power angle oscillations after the motor has synchronized. Unlike induction motors, no continuous
squirrel cage torque is developed at normal running speeds. Examine the figure below:
If I1 is an equivalent current in the stator causing the transformer action, then I1 will be about 180 from I2 (or
IFD), and the flux will be 90 behind IFD. Very significantly, then, the point of maximum-induced flux () occurs
as the induced field current IFD passes through zero from negative to positive; maximum rate of change of cur-
rent. See the figure below.
Figure 32: TYPICAL TRANSFORMER ROTOR FLUX AND CURRENT (CONSTANT SLIP)
The rotor angle at which I1 and I2 go through zero depends upon the reactance-to-resistance ratio in the field
circuit. A very high value of reactance-to-resistance shifts the angle toward 90. Reactance is high at low
speed (high frequency). At high speed (low slip, low frequency), reactance decreases and the angle shifts
toward 0 if the circuit includes a high value of resistance. As the stator goes beyond 45, the torque
increases (due to increased stator flux). At this point, IFD yields a convenient indicator of maximum flux and
increasing torque from which excitation is applied for maximum effectiveness.
If the field discharge loop is opened at the point of maximum flux, this flux is "trapped." Applying external exci-
tation in correct polarity to increase this trapped flux at this instant makes maximum use of its existence. At this
point the stator pole has just moved by and is in position to pull the rotor forward into synchronous alignment.
See the figure below.
Control functions for starting the synchronous motor include the following:
Applying power to the stator; at full voltage or reduced voltage.
Shunting the field with a discharge resistor (FDRS).
Sensing rotor speed.
Sensing rotor angle.
Applying excitation at optimum speed and angle.
Reluctance torque synchronizing.
The first step in starting a synchronous motor is to apply power to the stator by means of a magnetic contactor 3
or circuit breaker.
Shunting a resistor around the motor field during starting is accomplished with a field contactor. Optimum appli-
cation of excitation (that is, closing the field contactor) requires accurate sensing of motor speed and rotor
angle. This SPM provides this function. Optimum speed for pull-in varies with motor design and with the field
discharge resistor value. Adjustment of the control to apply field at various values of motor speed is important.
The correct rotor angle for field application does not vary and is always the point where induced field current
passes through zero going from negative to positive the point of maximum rotor flux (see Figure 33:: TYPI-
CAL ROTOR FLUX AND CURRENT AT PULL-IN on page 32). Maximum utilization of motor pull-in capability
depends upon the degree to which the control can accurately sense speed and rotor angle.
Rotor frequency is the most positive electrical parameter available for indicating speed, and can be sensed by
detecting the frequency of the voltage across FDRS. Voltage across FDRS is not actually "induced field volt-
age," but is the voltage which is essentially in time phase relation to the current through the resistor. That is,
the current goes through zero at the same time the voltage goes through zero.
The SPM detects the proper rotor speed (PRS) and rotor angle (PRA) signal, implemented in the Field Pro-
grammable Gate Array (FPGA). Outputs from the PRS and the circuits are used to determine the proper time
to close the Field Application Relay (FAR), based on the percent synchronous slip setpoint. When the proper
rotor speed and the proper rotor angle conditions are met as determined by the FPGA, the CPU delivers a sig-
nal to the FAR Relay so it can close its contact FAR1-FAR2. FAR picks up field contactor FC to apply excitation
to the motor field and to open the field discharge resistor loop. See Figure 24: PANEL AND TERMINAL LAY-
OUT on page 25 for details. The speed at which the motor is to synchronize (PRS) can be programmed from
90 to 99.5% of synchronous speed.
A lightly loaded synchronous motor connected to a low inertial load may pull into synchronism before the rotor
poles are externally magnetized. This is commonly known as reluctance torque synchronizing. This magnetiza-
tion can result in sufficient torque to hold the salient poles in direct alignment with corresponding stator poles
and run the motor at synchronous speed. However, when load is applied, the rotor begins to slip since the
torque developed is only a fraction of rated torque under separate excitation. Furthermore, the rotor is polar-
ized by the stator flux under this condition and can therefore be polarized in any direct axis alignment; occur-
ring each 180. External excitation forces pole-to-pole alignment in only one orientation of the direct axis.
Should the rotor pull in to synchronism 180 away from the normal running alignment, external excitation will
build up rotor flux in opposition to the stator flux. As the external excitation builds up, correct alignment of rotor
to stator occurs by slipping one pole and the motor will then run in normal synchronism.
3 The Field Application Control must respond in such a way as to proceed with proper application of excitation in
the event the motor does synchronize on reluctance torque. The following diagram demonstrates how the SPM
automatically responds to reluctance torque synchronizing.
CORRECT
ORIENTATION
180
DISORIENTATION
The amortisseur, or cage winding of a synchronous motor, is probably the element most susceptible to thermal
damage. Its function is essentially operative only during starting, and there are limitations on space available
for its construction onto the rotor. Hence, it is usually made of lighter material than the cage winding of an
induction motor. The cage is also vulnerable to overheating should the motor be allowed to run out of synchro-
nism with no excitation. In this case, it runs as an induction motor at some value of slip which will produce cage
current that develops running torque. However, the cage of a synchronous motor is not designed for continu-
ous operation. Therefore, an important protective function of the controller is to prevent overheating of the cage
winding both during starting and running out of synchronism.
Monitoring the starting condition of a synchronous motor can be accomplished by looking at the frequency of
induced field current, the same procedure used to accomplish synchronizing. Motor designers always place a
limit on the time a particular motor can be allowed to remain stalled ("allowable stall time"). An accelerated 3
schedule can then be established for the motor in terms of running time at any speed less than synchronous as
a percent of allowable stall time. Increased air circulation from the rotor fan reduces the heating rate as the
motor accelerates. Frequency can be measured directly as an indication of speed, and the designer's curves
for speed versus time can be used for protection by software that integrates the time-speed function. The fig-
ure below shows the typical cage heating protection characteristics during acceleration.
The time-speed function shown in below is determined internally by SPM software. The motor speed is deter-
mined from the induced field voltage frequency. The programmed values for maximum allowable stall time and
50% speed run time determine which characteristic of protection is required from the family of curves.
The SPM will cause a TRIP operation and display "SQL CAGE TRIP" if it calculates that the thermal limit of the
cage winding is reached. The SPM will also prevent an attempted restart if it calculates, from learned start
experience, that the cage winding has not had sufficient cooling time to allow a successful start. In this case
the message "START INHIBITED! Ready in xxx min" will be displayed
200
150
100
80
60
50
40
Allowable Zero Speed Stall Time
30
25
20
Run Time
15
10
8
00
3.
6
5
50
4
2.
3 46
1.
2 5
1.0
1.5
1 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Synchronous Speed 701761A7.CDR
Many synchronous motor starting applications involve either reduced voltage (starting reactor or autotrans-
former) or part-winding starting methods. When these methods are used, the available torque for acceleration
is reduced from the torque that would result from a full-voltage start. Also, the allowable stall time of a motor is
extended during a reduced-voltage start due to the reduced heating-rate resulting from lower inrush currents.
The SPM has the ability to take advantage of the motor's extended stall time so that the motor and load can
accelerate to synchronous speed in a time period longer than would be allowed with a full voltage start. The
acceleration torque is reduced as the square of the ratio of reduced voltage to full voltage, and the motor-heat-
ing rate is proportional to the square of the starting current. Since the motor inrush current is reduced propor-
tionally with the voltage reduction (due to the constant impedance of the synchronous motor at stall) the
following allowable stall time factor applies:
3 I PLR 2
-----------
-
I MLR
200
150
100
80
60
50
40
30
Zero Speed Stall Time
25
20
3
Run Time
15
10
8
Line
6 Voltage
5 50%
4
3
65%
2
80%
1.5
90%
100%
1
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Synchronous Speed 701760A7.CDR
Synchronous motors are designed to run at constant speed and drive shaft loads from torque derived from the
magnetic poles on their rotors magnetically linking opposite stator poles. Whenever the rotor turns at a speed
less than that of stator rotating field, the motor is said to be slipping poles. Slip can occur with the field poles
magnetized while running in synchronism from the following four major causes.
1. A gradual increase in load beyond the pull-out capabilities of the motor.
2. A slow decrease in field current.
3. A sudden large impact load.
4. A system fault or voltage dip lasting long enough to cause pull-out.
3 Loss of synchronism with field applied will create intense pulsations in torque at the motor shaft each time a
stator pole passes a rotor pole. Corresponding pulsations occur in line current. Both types of pulsations can be
damaging. Torque pulsations can break a shaft, coupling, or other mechanical elements, and current pulsa-
tions can interfere with smooth power system operation. Slipping poles with field applied is always unaccept-
able for a synchronous motor, therefore some means must be provided to prevent this condition from
occurring.
One of the most reliable indicators of synchronous and asynchronous (out-of-step) operation is the motor
power factor. Power factor is related to the phase angle between voltage and current. Synchronous motors sel-
dom, if ever, operate continuously at lagging power factor. Synchronous motors run at either unity or some
value of leading power factor. Lagging power factor appears when the motor load angle increases beyond
rated, becoming almost fully lagging (90) as the motor slips out-of-step. Therefore, lagging power factor can
be utilized to initiate action to prevent slipping.
Torque and power pulsations during slip can be reduced by removing field current to the rotor poles. The motor
will then run essentially as an induction motor on its amortisseur winding. Slip with the field current removed is
tolerable to the load and power system but intolerable for any length of time to the motor amortisseur winding
itself, since the winding is designed with limited thermal capability and for short-time operation. Motor Power
Factor during induction motor operation (that is with field removed) is always lagging. However, the degree to
which the current lags the voltage is less than at pull-out when field poles are excited. Lagging power factor
can again be utilized as an indicator of "slip" during induction motor operation.
For synchronous motors, power-factor monitoring can be employed to guard against pull-out or loss of field
conditions.
Motor pull-out protection is provided by a circuit which monitors power factor and has a built-in time delay to
prevent inadvertent tripping on transients. The SPM senses power factor by monitoring the voltage across
motor Phases One and Two and the current in Phase Three. Figure 20 is a phasor diagram depicting the rela-
tionship of voltage and current for various power factors.
The SPM automatically suppresses power factor protection until the programmed setpoint "FCX" times out.
The SPM can be programmed to suppress power factor trip action if the line current is less than 6 percent or 50
percent of the rated full load current via the PF Suppression setpoint. Selecting the "Ridethru" mode for the PF
Mode setpoint places the SPM into ride-through mode. Selecting the "Re-sync" mode for the PF Mode setpoint
places the SPM into resync mode. These modes are described in the next section.
If excessive mechanical load is applied to the motor shaft during normal running of the motor in synchronism,
the resulting lagging power factor and/or line current surge will be detected by the SPM. Two forms of pull-out
protection are available. They are as follows
a) RESYNC MODE
Resync mode operation causes the Field Application Relay, FAR, to remove the motor-field excitation. Action
will occur from either lagging power factor below the programmed setpoint or a line current surge above
approximately four times motor full-load current.
Relay FCX drops out at the same time as FAR. Load is removed if an automatic loader is connected.
3 The motor will continue to run with field removed for the programmed power factor delay time, and if resyn-
chronization does not occur within this time, the TRIP relay will operate and the motor will stop.
The display will indicate "FAIL TO RESYNC!"
b) RIDE-THRU MODE
If the alternate "ride-thru" mode is selected, the field is not removed immediately as in the resync mode.
Instead, if the power factor dips below the trip point and persists for the PF time delay, the TRIP relay will oper-
ate and the motor will stop. Also, a line current surge greater than approximately four times motor full load will
cause TRIP operation if the PF time delay is exceeded. Power factor trips are indicated by "PWR FACTOR
TRIP!" in the display. Line current surges greater than four times rated line current are indicated by "PULL-
OUT TRIP!".
Solid-state excitation systems have an effect on the way motor power factor responds to line voltage dips. The
effect may be to cause a power-factor relay to operate inadvertently. This causes the motor to trip on lagging
power factor caused by a transient condition which is not an actual pull-out condition.
A solid-state exciter differs from a rotating exciter in the way it responds to voltage dips. The rotating inertia of
a Motor-Generator set may maintain excitation voltage relatively constant for several seconds, but a solid-state
exciter has practically no built-in delay in the way it responds to line voltage. Therefore, any delay in change of
motor-rotor flux following an excitation voltage change is determined by the time constant of the rotor field
poles themselves. This is usually 0.5 to 1.0 seconds.
The sequence of events transpiring during a voltage dip with a solid-state exciter is shown in Figure 311:
POWER FACTOR RESPONSE TO LINE VARIANCE on page 314.
3
Assuming the condition of a line voltage decrease of 15% with the motor initially at unity power factor, the
power factor will swing leading momentarily because the generated EMF does not change until the rotor flux
decreases (determined by field time constant). The motor will tend to maintain constant horsepower by slightly
increasing line current. As the field flux decreases, generated EMF also decreases, and the power factor will
move back towards unity, and there will be a load angle increase to permit motor torque to be restored to that
required to drive the load. During both of these sequences the motor power factor has not become significantly
lagging, so the power-factor relay does not operate.
Finally, when line voltage comes back to normal, the power factor will momentarily swing over to lagging and
the power factor protection relay will trip because the rotor flux does not respond as rapidly to change as the
stator. The generated EMF is low relative to line volts for a time period long enough to operate the relay.
A power-factor device with a 1.0 second built-in time delay should remain unaffected by these changes.
Many synchronous motor applications require that the motor operate with an overhauling load (in generating
mode). The power factor protection must be able to provide pull-out protection during overhauling load condi-
tions.
The SPM provides pull-out protection for the synchronous motor operating in both the generating and the
motoring mode. However, conventional power factor detection and indication for motors and generators are
opposite. Simply, the convention is that a motor has a leading power factor when it is overexcited (producing
reactive power). A generator, by convention, is leading power factor when it is underexcited (consuming reac-
tive power). In order to understand this difference, it is necessary to recognize that the definition of a motor
voltage reference phasor is 180 displaced from its corresponding conventional generator voltage reference
phasor.
3
Figure 312: POWER FACTOR SENSING MOTOR MODE VS. GENERATOR MODE
Therefore, a given line current that leads the conventional generator voltage phasor will lag the corresponding
conventional motor phasor. The diagram above shows that IA is lagging VAB (conventional motor phasor)
while it is leading VBA (conventional generator phasor).
This confusion can be eliminated by defining one terminal voltage phasor for both generating and motoring
modes. Simply, if VAB is used as the reference phasor, then the leading power factor is always when the syn-
chronous machine is producing reactive power and lagging power factor when it is consuming reactive power.
This is the approach that is taken with the PF display for the SPM. When the motor/generator is producing
reactive kVA the sign of the power factor is displayed plus (+), indicating leading power factor, regardless of the
operating mode. When it is consuming reactive kVA the power factor is negative ().
Therefore, whether the machine is motoring or generating, pull-out protection is provided by limiting the degree
of lagging power factor (under excitation) as detected by the SPM.
The power factor regulation option also performs to force the field in advance of a pull-out condition regardless
of whether the machine is operating as a motor or a generator.
Power factor regulation is useful in those applications where motors are subjected to high-level transient
impact loads (such as chipper drives). The PF regulator senses the power factor dip that occurs when the
motor is loaded and causes the SCR Exciter to respond with a boosted output. As a result, the pull-out torque
of the synchronous motor is increased for the duration of the transient load. After the load subsides, the regula-
tor senses an excessive leading power factor and causes the SCR to reduce its output. This automatic boost-
ing of field current to avoid pull-out is called field forcing. The Power Factor regulator thus provides automatic
boosting when field forcing is required and economical low field operation when the motor is idling.
Another application of the power factor regulator is to control power factor swings that result from various lev-
els of loading so as not to cause fluctuations in the plant system voltage.
3 The SPM provides the control signal to the variable SCR exciter when PF regulation is required. See the fol-
lowing figure for a functional operation overview of this feature.
Main
Contactor
A DC Supply to
Motor Field
B MOTOR
C Field
Field Contactor
PF
PF Feedback
PF
Detection Regulator Control
Signal
SPM
PF Reg Reg Reg Reg
Setpoint Output Gain Stability Floor
701754A4.CDR
A brushless controller provides functions relevant to starting and protecting a brushless synchronous motor. To
understand the functional requirements, it is necessary to review the construction of a brushless motor.
A brushless motor is like a conventional slip ring motor in that it has rotor-mounted field poles. These poles
must have DC supplied to their windings so they can "lock" onto the rotating stator field and run in synchro-
nism. Also, like the slip-ring motor, amortisseur windings are built into the rotor pole tips to provide acceleration
and damping torque during starting and normal operation. During start, the motor accelerates to near synchro-
nous speed. When the rotor is close enough to synchronous speed for the field poles to pull the rotor into syn-
chronism, DC is applied to the main field and the rotor pulls into step, normally operating at a power factor
equal to or more leading than unity.
3
The brushless motor has, as its name implies, no brushes or slip-rings. Instead, it contains a rotating exciter
with stator mounted DC windings and the armature winding on the rotor. A rotor-mounted, solid-state rectifier
converts the AC from the exciter to DC for the main-field poles. The silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) and
control circuitry are rotor-mounted, along with the field discharge resistor, to control the application of DC to the
main field at proper rotor speed and angle. The schematic below shows that the actual field control is provided
with the motor and is not part of the motor controller.
The brushless motor is started by first applying power to the stator windings then applying DC to the exciter
field. See Figure 23: TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM on page 24 for details. There are two basic timing func-
tions a brushless controller must provide during start:
1. Apply DC to exciter (not main) field a given preset time after stator windings are energized.
2. Enable the power factor, pull-out protection, and provide a contact for signaling external automatic motor
loading devices for motor loading. This is determined by a second given pre-set time delay that allows suf-
ficient time after the application of the exciter field for the motor to synchronize and stabilize.
Both of these times can be entered as setpoint parameters in the SPM. (See programming, Section 4-9.)
3 2000
1500
A Stall Time - 30 Sec
Locked Rotor - 6XFLC
1000
B Stall Time - 10 Sec
900
800 Locked Rotor - 6XFLC
700
C Stall Time - 2 Sec
600 Locked Rotor - 6XFLC
500
400
300
200
150
A
100
Trip Time (seconds)
90
80
70
60
50
40
B
30
20
15
10
9
8
7
C
6
5
2
.8 .9 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10
Trip Current
(Multiples of Programmed Full Load Current)
701762A5.CDR
Stall protection is derived from stator current inputs from two lines feeding the motor. The protection character-
istic is shown in Figure 315: BRUSHLESS STALL/ACCELERATION CHARACTERISTIC on page 318. After
the motor synchronizes, the SPM monitors motor cool down approximately every 20 minutes rate to provide
protection against motor abuse from too-frequent starting. The SPM will indicate on the display the required
wait time period that must be allowed before attempting a restart on a motor that has been shutdown from a
stall protective operation, or one in which two or more rapidly successive start/stop operations have been per-
formed.
The power factor protection for brushless control operates as power factor protection for collector-ring motors
described in Section 3.2.6. However, current I3 is derived internally to the SPM by algebraically summing cur-
3
rents at the I1 and I2 inputs.
It is important to connect current inputs for I1 and I2 as shown in Figure 8 for brushless
machines.
NOTE Only the ride-through mode is available for brushless machines. If an attempt to resynchronize is
desirable, set the "PF trip delay" parameter for one or two seconds. If the motor slips a pole in this
condition, the rotor-mounted, control device will remove the field instantaneously. When, and if, the motor
recovers from the disturbance, the main field will be applied. If it does not recover within the "PF trip time delay"
the motor will trip.
If no attempt to resync is desirable, set the "PF trip time delay" parameter to 0.1 second. This time will be too
short for the power factor to recover following a slipped pole condition and the motor will trip on lagging power
factor.
Power factor regulation is not recommended on brushless machines due to instability problems arising from
the long time constant of the rotating exciter field.
This chapter provides all the necessary information to install and/or upgrade a previous installation of the
SPMPC software, and write/edit setpoint files.
The SPMPC software is only compatible with firmware versions 200 and higher.
NOTE
4.1.3 CONFIGURATION
1. Connect the computer running the SPMPC program to the relay via the RS485 port and start the SPMPC
software.
2. SPMPC will not automatically communicate with the relay unless that function is enabled. (see startup
mode below). The screen will display the SPM firmware revision if communications is established.
3. To setup communications, select the Communication > Computer menu item.
Set the Startup Mode based upon user preference. In the Communicate with Relay mode,
SPMPC will attempt to establish communications immediately upon startup. While in the
File mode /w default settings, SPMPC waits for the user to click the ON button before
attempting communications this mode is preferred when SPMPC is being used without an
attatched SPM.
Set Control Type to match the type of RS232/RS485 converter. If connected through a GE
Power Management F485 converter unit, select MULTILIN 232/485 CONVERTOR.
If connected through a modem, select Modem. If a third-party RS232/RS485 converter is
being used, select the appropriate control type from the available list based upon the
manufacturers specifications.
Set Communication Port to the COM port on your local PC where the SPM is connected
(e.g. COM1 or COM2). On most PCs, COM1 is used by the mouse device, leaving COM2
available for communications.,
Set Slave Address to match the SLAVE ADDRESS setpoint programmed in the SPM.
The following example illustrates how to enter setpoints using the SPMPC program.
1. Select the Programming > Configuration menu item. The following dialog box prompts for the configura-
tion information.
2. For setpoints requiring numerical values (e.g. RS485 Min. Turnaround Time), change the value by clicking
the up/down arrows at the right side of the box. Alternately, you may click the mouse pointer anywhere
inside the setpoint value box to display a numerical keypad showing the OLD value, RANGE, and INCRE-
MENT of the setpoint value being modified.
3. For setpoints requiring non-numerical values (e.g. Motor Type), clicking anywhere inside the setpoint box
causes a selection menu to be displayed.
4
Select the File > Send Setpoints to Relay menu item. SPMPC will prompt to confirm or cancel the setpoint file
transfer. Click Yes to download the setpoints to the SPM or click No to cancel.
It may be necessary to upgrade the revision code for a previously saved setpoint file when the SPM firmware is
upgraded.
1. To upgrade the revision of a previously saved setpoint file, run SPMPC and establish communications with
the SPM through the RS485 connector.
2. Select the Actual Values > Product Information menu item and record the Main Software number of the
re-lay's firmware, e.g. 201.
3. Next, select the File > Open menu item and enter the location and filename of the setpoint File to be
downloaded to the connected relay. When the file is open, SPMPC will be in "Editing File" mode and "Not
communicating".
4. Select the File > Properties menu item and note the version code of the setpoint file. If the Main Software
number of the setpoint file (e.g. 20x) is different than the Main Software number of the firmware (noted in
Step 2 as 201), use the pull-down tab to select the revision code that matches the firmware and click OK.
5. Select the File > Save menu item to save the setpoint file.
See the previous section for instructions on loading this setpoint file to the SPM relay.
4. Select the File > Print menu item and click OK to send the setpoint file to the connected printer.
4.1.9 TRENDING
Trending from the SPM can be accomplished with the SPMPC software. Many different parameters can be
trended and graphed at sampling periods ranging from 1 second up to 1 hour.
The parameters which can be Trended by the SPMPC program are:
Filter Line Current Filter Exciter Current
Filter Line Voltage Filter Exciter Voltage
Filter Power Factor Filter Field Ohms
Filter Phase Angle Demo Trending
1. To use the Trending function, run SPMPC and establish communications with a connected SPM relay.
2. Select the Actual Values > Trending menu item open the Trending window.
The SPM is a user programmable device with a wide range of setpoints, configurations, and calibration values
that enable operation with a wide variety of ring-type and brushless synchronous motors. This section deals
with programming the SPM for a ring-type motor. The setpoints will be explained and a practical example will
be given. The example may be followed step by step by the operator as a guide to program the SPM for their
motor.
GE Key. This key is used to enter or exit the different modes of the SPM (STAT MODE, PROGRAMMING
MODE, and TEST MODE). It is also used to cancel an operation, such as changing a setpoint.
SCROLL Keys. These keys are used to scroll through the various menus, setpoints, configuration param-
eters, etc. When the motor is in running mode, pressing either of these keys will halt the display from scroll-
ing. They can then be used to step through the displayed values one at a time. Pressing and holding this
key will resume the automatic scrolling of the display.
When changing a setpoint or other parameter, pressing and holding either of the SCROLL keys down will
put the values being changed into a decade incremental scroll. Thus, changing a setpoint from 1 to 1000,
the value would start to increment by the decade value (10, 100, or 1000) after every decade (after reach-
4
ing 10, it increments by 10, after reaching 100, it increments by 100).
ENTER Key. This key is used to make a selection or acts as an enter key, as prompted by the menu on the
display. This key must be pressed when setpoints, configuration parameters or calibration values are
selected to be changed. It must also be pressed to save such changes.
The SPM has a "smart" parameter menu for setpoints that does not allow the user to enter values outside
of the valid range and automatically checks for setpoint dependencies.
To change SPM setpoints, the user must enter the PROGRAMMING MODE. This can be accomplished with
the motor either off or in running mode. Use the following procedure to enter the PROGRAMMING MODE:
1. With the display indicating the following, press the GE key (items in bold italics indicate that they should be
blinking on the screen):
Collr-Ring Motor
SPM READY
2. The display should now indicate that the unit is in STAT MODE. Press the GE key.
STAT MODE
SCROLL for menus
3. Press the GE key. The display should now indicate that the unit is in PROGRAMMING MODE:
PROGRAMMING
MODE
4
4. Use the / keys to change the password and then press the ENTER key to enter the password.
PASSWORD: 0000
ENTER to verify
5. The display should now indicate the CONFIGURATIONS menu or the CALIBRATION menu (depending
upon which scroll key was pressed). Use the / keys to select the SETPOINTS menu.
SETPOINTS?
ENTER for menus
6. Press the ENTER key to enter the setpoints menu. Once in the SETPOINTS menu, use the / keys to
move through the different setpoints.
7. To change a setpoint, press the ENTER key as prompted:
PF TRIP: 0.80
SELECT to modify
8. Once the setpoint has been selected, the value of the setpoint should blink. Use the / keys to
change the value of the setpoint and then press the ENTER key to continue. If you choose not to change this
setpoint once it has been selected, pressing the GE key deselects the setpoint.
PF TRIP: 0.80
SCROLL to change
9. Additional setpoints can be changed using the above procedure. When all setpoint changes have been
accomplished, press the GE key. This will return the display to the SETPOINTS main menu. Press the GE
key again and the display will ask to verify that changes should be save. Press ENTER to save the setpoints,
otherwise press the GE key if you do not want to save the changes.
SAVE CHANGES?
ENTER to save ...
10. Upon pressing ENTER (to save the setpoint changes) or the GE key (not wanting to save setpoint changes),
the display returns to the PROGRAMMING MODE menu. Press the GE key once to go into TEST MODE
and a second time to return to the SPM READY display.
To change the calibration values on the SPM, the user must enter the PROGRAMMING MODE. This can be
accomplished only when the SPM is off. To enter the PROGRAMMING MODE, use the following procedure:
1. With the display indicating the following, press the GE key (items in bold italics indicate that they should be
blinking on the screen):
Collr-Ring Motor
SPM READY
2. The display should now indicate that the unit is in STAT MODE:
STAT MODE
SCROLL for menus
3. The display should now indicate that the unit is in PROGRAMMING MODE:
PROGRAMMING
MODE
4 4. Use the / keys to change the password and then press the ENTER key to enter the password.
PASSWORD: 0000
ENTER to verify
5. The display should now indicate the CONFIGURATIONS menu or the CALIBRATION menu (depending
upon which scroll key was pressed). Use the / keys to select the CALIBRATION menu.
CALIBRATION?
ENTER for menus
6. Press the ENTER key to enter the set-points menu. Once in the CALIBRATION menu, use the / keys
to move through the different calibration parameters.
7. To change a calibration parameter, press the ENTER key as prompted:
FS EXC VOLT: 1.00
SELECT to modify
8. Once the calibration parameter has been selected, the value of the parameter should blink. Use the /
keys to change the value of the setpoint and then press ENTER to continue. If you choose not to change
this setpoint once it has been selected, pressing the GE key deselects the setpoint.
FS EXC VOLT: 1.00
SCROLL to change
9. Additional calibration parameters can be changed using the above procedure. When all calibration param-
eter changes have been accomplished, press the GE key. This will return the display to the CALIBRATION
main menu. Press the GE key again and the display will ask to verify that changes should be save. Press
ENTER to save the setpoints, otherwise press the GE key if you do not want to save the changes.
SAVE CHANGES?
ENTER to save ...
10. Upon pressing the ENTER key (to save the setpoint changes) or the GE key (not wanting to save setpoint
changes), the display returns to the PROGRAMMING MODE menu. Press the GE key once to go into
TEST MODE and a second time to return to the SPM READY display.
To change the SPM configuration, the user must enter the PROGRAMMING MODE. This can be accomplished
with the motor either off or in the running mode. To enter the PROGRAMMING MODE, the following procedure
must be used:
1. With the display indicating the following, press the GE key (items in bold italics indicate that they should be
blinking on the screen):
Collr-Ring Motor
SPM READY
2. The display should now indicate that the unit is in STAT MODE:
STAT MODE
SCROLL for menus
3. Press the GE key. The display should now indicate that the unit is in PROGRAMMING MODE:
PROGRAMMING
MODE 4
4. Use the / keys to change the password and press ENTER to enter the password.
PASSWORD: 0000
ENTER to verify
5. The display should now indicate the CONFIGURATIONS menu or the CALIBRATION menu (depending
upon which scroll key was pressed). Use the / keys to select the CONFIGURATIONS menu.
CONFIGURATIONS?
ENTER for menus
6. Press the ENTER key to enter the setpoints menu. Once in the CONFIGURATIONS menu, use the /
keys to move through the different setpoints.
7. To change a configuration, press the ENTER key as prompted:
MOTOR: Collr-Ring
SELECT to modify
8. Once the configuration has been selected, the value of the setpoint should blink. Use the / keys to
change the value of the configuration and then press the ENTER key to continue. If you choose not to
change this setpoint once it has been selected, pressing the GE key deselects the setpoint.
MOTOR: Collr-Ring
SCROLL TO CHANGE
9. Additional configurations can be changed using the above procedure. When all setpoint changes have
been accomplished, press the GE Key. This will return the display to the CONFIGURATIONS main menu.
Press the GE key again and the display will ask to verify that changes should be save. Press ENTER to save
the configurations, otherwise press the GE key if you do not want to save the changes.
SAVE CHANGES?
ENTER to save ...
10. Upon pressing the ENTER key (to save the setpoint changes) or the GE key (not wanting to save setpoint
changes), the display returns to the PROGRAMMING MODE menu. Press the GE key once to go into
TEST MODE and a second time to return to the SPM READY display.
To view or change the SPM status information, the user must enter the STAT MODE. This can be accom-
plished with the motor either off or in running mode. Use the following procedure to enter the STAT MODE:
1. With the display indicating the following, press the GE key (items in bold italics indicate that they should be
blinking on the screen):
Collr-Ring Motor
SPM READY
2. The display should now indicate that the unit is in STAT MODE:
STAT MODE
SCROLL for menus
6. Use the / keys to change the values of the selected parameter and then press the ENTER key to con-
tinue. If you choose not to change the parameter once it has been selected, pressing the GE key deselects
the parameter.
MOTOR HRS: 0
SCROLL to change
7. Additional parameters can be changed using the above procedure. When all parameter changes have
been accomplished, press the GE Key. This will return the display to the STAT MODE main menu. Press
the GE key again and the display will change to the PROGRAMMING MODE main menu. Pressing the GE
key again puts the display into the TEST MODE main menu. Pressing the GE key gain will then return the
display to the SPM READY display.
In order to view setpoints without changing values, or to view setpoints if the password is unknown, the alter-
nate menu can be used. When the SPM is in the ready mode,
Collr-Ring Motor
SPM READY
press the ENTER key and the SPM will automatically switch into the alternate menu. The SPM will begin to auto-
matically scroll through the setpoints. Pressing either of the / keys once will halt the display. Pressing
either of the / keys repeatedly will allow the user to scroll through the setpoints manually. This allows
the user to scroll through the setpoints using the / keys but does not allow setpoints to be changed. To
return to the SPM READY display, press the ENTER key.
FUNCTION:
The PF TRIP setpoint represents the value of lagging power factor that causes a trip or resynchronizing
attempt during motor operation. For example, if the trip power factor is set at 0.85 lagging (0.85), the SPM
trips if the power factor falls below 0.85 for a time longer than the PF DELAY setpoint.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring and Brushless
NOTE:
The SPM automatically suppresses the power factor trip element until the programmed FCX DELAY times out.
FUNCTION:
5 The PF DELAY setpoint represents the elapsed time delay after the power factor dips below the PF TRIP set-
point (or after the line current remains greater than four times the FL AMPS setpoint) before the SPM initiates
tripping action for power factor trip (or pull-out trip).
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring and Brushless
FUNCTION:
Power factor suppression is used to inhibit PF TRIP or PULL-OUT trip action when the line current is less than
the setpoint percentage of the full-load current (FL AMPS) setpoint.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring and Brushless
FUNCTION:
Ridethru Mode: This mode allows the motor to "ride through" power factor dips of less duration than the PF
DELAY but will protect against cyclical power factor dips. Brushless motors are automatically in ridethru mode.
Resync Mode: Upon measuring a power factor below the PF TRIP setpoint, the unit de-energizes the FAR
and FCX relays and attempts to resynchronize the motor. The motor continues to run with the field removed for
the programmed PF DELAY, and if resynchronization does not occur within this time a PWR FACTOR TRIP
occurs, operating the trip relay and stopping the motor.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring
FUNCTION:
This setpoint provides for a time delay in closing the field application relay (FAR) to apply DC to the exciter
5
after the stator windings are energized.
MOTOR TYPE:
Brushless
FUNCTION:
Program FCX DELAY time to enable power factor protection, field overtemperature protection, field loss pro-
tection and auto-loading FCX relay operation. Timing begins with FAR relay operation.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring and Brushless
FUNCTION:
The phase CT ratio supplied with the starter must be entered here. Enter only primary amperes. A 5 A second-
ary is assumed.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring and Brushless
NOTE:
The value entered here affects the valid range of the motor full load current (FL AMPS) setpoint.
FUNCTION:
5 This setpoint is the motor-nameplate, full load current. It is related to the AC CT RTG setpoint. The minimum
and maximum current is determined by the formula below. Changes to the AC CT RTG setpoint may cause
this setpoint to become invalid (out of range).
AC CT RTG
minimum FL AMPS= 2 -------------------------------, maximum FL AMPS AC CT RTG
5
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring and Brushless
NOTE:
The value entered here affects the valid range of the motor locked rotor current (LR AMPS) setpoint.
FUNCTION:
This setpoint represents the motor locked rotor current and is related to the FL AMPS setpoint. The minimum
and maximum current is determined by the formula below. Changes to the AC CT RTG and/or the FL AMPS
setpoints may cause this setpoint to become invalid (out of range).
minimum LR AMPS = 2 FL AMPS, maximum LR AMPS = 12 FL AMPS
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring and Brushless
FUNCTION:
The value stored here is the slip at which the SPM will close the field contactor (FAR). It is expressed as per-
cent slip.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring
EXAMPLE:
To close the field contactor (apply the field) when the motor reaches 94.5% of synchronous speed, the SYNC
SLIP setpoint is determined as follows:
100% speed 94.5% speed = 5.5% sync slip
FUNCTION: 5
This setpoint determines the allowable time that power may be applied to the motor during locked rotor condi-
tions. This information may normally be found on the motor control data sheet available from the motor manu-
facturer.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring and Brushless
RUN TIME: 1.05 x ST Range: 1.05, 1.46, 2.05, 3.00 x STALL TIME
ENTER to modify
FUNCTION:
Run time is the time that the motor may run at 50% speed and is expressed as a multiple of the allowable
motor stall time.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring
EXAMPLE:
If the motor stall time is 10 seconds and RUN TIME is set to 3.00, then the motor can run at:
3.00 10 sec. = 30 seconds at 50% speed
FUNCTION:
The primary ampere rating (not the ratio) stamped on the DC Current Transformer (DCCT) is entered here if
one turn is passed through the DCCT window. If more than one turn is used, divide the DCCT primary ampere
rating by the number of turns and enter this number here.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring and Brushless
NOTE:
The DCCT is available as a separate accessory in the PG2SPM or PG4SPM packages along with the neces-
sary CM (calibration module). These packages are required for overtemperature or current loss protection.
The value entered here affects the valid range of the HIGH FIELD / HI EXC FIELD setpoint.
APPLICATION:
The standard DCCT200 (from PG2SPM package) has a rated 200 A primary and a 50 mA secondary (4000:1
ratio). The DCCT terminals connect to CM terminals 7 and 8 (the polarity not important). Multiple turns of field
cable through the DCCT window may be required to obtain the proper effective CT ratio. Determine your motor
5 rated field (or exciter field) current and use the following table to determine the number of field cable turns
through the DCCT and effective rating to enter as the DCCT PRIM setpoint.
FUNCTION:
The calculation of field (exciter) voltage divided by field (exciter) current yields field ohms. Tripping action is ini-
tiated if the calculated resistance exceeds the HIGH FIELD (HI EXC FLD) setpoint, indicating a field overtem-
perature condition. A separate accessory package (PG2SPM or PG4SPM) is required to utilize this feature.
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
MOTOR TYPE: 5
Collector-Ring or Brushless
APPLICATION:
This function emulates a resistance temperature detector (RTD) on the field windings. The resistance of an
RTD is temperature dependent it increases as the temperature increases. In this case, the RTD behavior is
emulated by examining the field voltage and current. As the ratio of field voltage to field current increases, the
field resistance increases, indicating an increase in temperature of the field windings.
The motor nameplate contains the motor's maximum temperature rise and field resistance. This information is
used with the multiplier from the table below to determine the maximum field ohms, and therefore the maxi-
mum field winding temperature, at which the motor should be allowed to operate.
EXAMPLE:
A motor with a nameplate field resistance of 2 at 25C with insulated copper windings has a maximum tem-
perature rise of 80C. This corresponds to a field resistance of 1.31 times the resistance at 25C. So, the
FIELD OHMS setpoint is set to 1.31 2 2.62 .
FUNCTION:
The value programmed here determines the minimum permissible field current that the SPM recognizes as
valid. If the field current falls below this setpoint, the SPM will trip and display a FIELD LOSS TRIP fault. A sep-
arate accessory package (PG2SPM or PG4SPM) is required to utilize this feature.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring or Brushless
FUNCTION:
The field undercurrent delay represents the time delay that will elapse after the Field Amps falls below the pro-
grammed setpoint before the SPM initiates tripping action for Field Undercurrent (FIELD LOSS TRIP). The
Field Amps Option must be enabled before this feature can be used.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring or Brushless
FUNCTION:
This parameter determines the field undervoltage that will initiate a CHECK EXCITER condition. For example,
if the exciter normally provides 100 V to the field circuit and this setpoint is programmed for 30 V, then the SPM
will trip and display CHECK EXCITER if the field voltage falls below the setpoint. The SPM checks the exciter
voltage before allowing the motor to start and will not allow a start if the voltage is not present but, will not
require a reset once voltage is reestablished. The SPM displays CHECK EXCITER and initiates a trip anytime
the motor is running and the field voltage is below this setpoint. In this case a reset is required. The exciter out-
put must be hooked up to the SPM via the included VDN module. See installation for more details.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring or Brushless
APPLICATION:
This function is supplied for equipment that has exciters energized prior to starting the motor. If the exciter is
designed to be energized with motor starting (as with shaft connected rotating exciters), use the field current
loss feature instead or a separate voltage relay for voltage check protection.
FUNCTION:
The exciter voltage delay setpoint is the time delay that will elapse after the exciter voltage falls below the pro-
grammed setpoint before the SPM initiates tripping action for field undervoltage (CHECK EXCITER)
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring or Brushless
NOTE:
The EXCITER VOLTS option must be enable before this feature can be used.
FUNCTION:
If the SPM does not properly complete its starting sequence in the setpoint time, the SPM will trip and display
an in-complete sequence condition.
COLLECTOR-RING: The time setting may be set to a value between 1 and 100 seconds, but not less than the
FCX delay setpoint.
BRUSHLESS: The time setting may be set to a value between 1 and 200 seconds, but not less than the sum of
the FAR delay setpoint and the FCX delay setpoint.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring or Brushless
The following parameters can be adjusted while the motor is running. See Section 7.5, Regulator Tune Up
Instructions.
FUNCTION:
The SPM is capable of providing a Closed-loop PF Regulator with a very fast response. The regulator may be
set up to regulate motor power factor in a range between 0.9 lagging to 1.0 (unity) to 0.0 leading power factor.
This setpoint determines at what power factor the regulator will operate. The regulator may be disabled in
order to output the floor value (see FLOOR VOLTS parameter) by entering OFF. This enables the operator to
set up base-field amperes, then the regulator power factor may be returned to its normal setting and the regu-
lator will function normally.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring
FUNCTION:
Adjust this setpoint for optimum regulator performance.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring
5.3.4 STABILITY
FUNCTION:
This setpoint determines the number of most recent regulator output calculations to be averaged in order to
help compensate for instability. Regulator calculations are performed once every 100 milliseconds.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring
NOTE:
This eliminates the need for an external RC lag compensation network.
FUNCTION:
This setpoint is the upper limit of the range of the control signal output voltage. This value must match the input
range of the separate variable excitation equipment.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring
NOTE:
This value must be greater than or equal to the FLOOR VOLTS setpoint.
FUNCTION:
The floor value is the minimum limit for output control signal voltage that is connected to the field-rectifier
equipment. The value programmed here is the exact output voltage from the SPM. For example, if the floor is 5
programmed at 1.5 the SPM will output 1.5-volts minimum.
MOTOR TYPE:
Collector-Ring
NOTE:
This value must be less than or equal to the REG OUTPUT setpoint.
APPLICATION:
Certain conditions of operation require a floor so that the motor power factor will not become unstable if the
field cur-rent is drastically reduced.
When the floor overrides the regulator, the power factor moves in a more leading condition than the regulator
setpoint. As the load and/or system force the motor power factor toward the lagging condition such that the
power factor falls below the regulator setpoint, the regulator will once again take control and boost the field
above the floor so that the power factor will not dip below the setpoint. The power factor regulator must be
tuned during initial start-up. See section 6-6 for regulator tune up instructions.
FUNCTION:
The type of motor is selected here. Different setpoints are used for the two different motors and operation of
the relay is altered. This configuration setpoint must be entered correctly.
FUNCTION:
Enter line frequency here for system.
5 FUNCTION:
Enter the source for the voltage reference for power factor calculations. See Section 2.4, Electrical installation
for proper wiring details.
FUNCTION:
Enter the Modbus slave address here which must be unique to all SPMs on the same communication link.
BAUD RATE: 19.2k Range: 300, 600, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19.2k, 38.4k, 57.6k, 115k
ENTER to modify
FUNCTION:
This setpoint allows the user to select the desired baud rate.
5.4.6 PARITY
FUNCTION:
Enter the type of parity necessary.
5.4.7 TURNAROUND
FUNCTION:
Turnaround is the delay before the relay changes from transmit to receive or vice versa. This setpoint need not
be adjusted unless operating on a very slow system.
FUNCTION:
This setpoint allows the user to configure the parameters in the STATUS MODE such that they are read only or
read/writeable.
5.4.9 PASSWORD
FUNCTION:
Use this setpoint to fine-tune the metered DC exciter voltage, input to the SPM from the VDN. To calibrate the
exciter voltage compare the reading on the SPM with the measured value of an external meter and adjust this
setpoint as necessary. Note that this must be done while the motor is running, thus it is advisable that the EX
FLD VOLTS setting be turned OFF until calibration is complete.
FUNCTION:
Use this setpoint to fine tune the metered DC exciter current, input to the SPM from the calibration module and
DCCT. Coarse adjustment should be made via the calibration module potentiometer. To calibrate the exciter
amps compare the reading on the SPM with the measured value of an external meter and adjust this setpoint
as necessary. Note that this must be done while the motor is running, thus it is advisable that the EX FLD
AMPS setting be turned OFF until calibration is complete.
5 5.5.3 FULL-SCALE MOTOR AC AMPS
FUNCTION:
Use this setpoint to fine tune the metered AC motor current, input to the SPM from the connected CT(s).
PWR FACTOR:1.00 The display auto-scrolls through actual values when the motor is running. The
DC AMPS: 0A operator can use the scroll keys to view specific values.
DC VOLTS: 0V
EXC FIELD: 0
AC AMPS: 0A
FUNCTION:
PWR FACTOR: Displays the power factor of the motor. 1.00 is unity, positive values are leading and negative
values are lagging.
DC AMPS: Displays the exciter/field current in DC Amps.
DC VOLTS: Displays the exciter/field voltage in DC Volts.
EXC FIELD: Displays the exciter field resistance in Ohms.
AC AMPS: Displays the motor phase current in AC Amps.
NOTE:
These values can only be seen when the motor is running.
MOTOR HRS: 0
SELECT to modify
FUNCTION:
Displays accumulated motor running hours.
FUNCTION:
Accumulated number of incomplete sequence trips.
FUNCTION:
Accumulated number of field loss trips.
6 PO TRIP CTR: 0
SELECT to modify
FUNCTION:
Accumulated number of pull out trips.
RESYNC CTR: 0
SELECT to modify
FUNCTION:
Accumulated numbers of resynchronization attempts. Present when PF MODE is set to resync. Available only
when motor is collector-ring type.
NO V TRP CTR: 0
SELECT to modify
FUNCTION:
Accumulated number of missing voltage trips. Present when PF REF is set to external.
FUNCTION:
Accumulated number of check exciter trips.
PF TRP CTR: 0
SELECT to modify
FUNCTION:
Accumulated number of power factor trips.
FUNCTION:
Accumulated number of squirrel cage trips.
FUNCTION:
Accumulated number of field overtemperature trips.
Inspect all wiring and verify that the connections are clean, tight, and there is adequate clearance for all de-
vices. All external wiring from the controller must be made in strict accordance with the main connection dia-
gram supplied with the controller.
While referring to the main connection diagram supplied with the controller, inspect the wiring to determine with
certainty that the starting and field-discharge resistor is connected in the motor field-discharge circuit through
the discharge (closed) contact of the field-applying contactor (FC).
While inspecting the field contactor, manually pick up the contactor and confirm that the normally-closed con-
tactor pole opens after the two normally-open poles close. It is important that all three poles are closed
momentarily (overlap) during contactor pick-up and drop out (closed transition contacts).
To clean the face of the SPM, wipe with a damp cloth and mild detergent.
After the wiring check is complete, the equipment may be energized but DO NOT START MOTOR. With con-
trol power on, carefully follow the procedures below.
DO NOT TOUCH ANY CONNECTION POINT AT THE REAR OF THE SPM. POTENTIALS UP TO
1000 V MAY BE PRESENT ACROSS INPUTS VF + AND VF .
CAUTION
a) STANDBY MODE
1. Apply control power ONLY (do NOT start the motor).
2. The unit should power up and indicate that it is performing its power-on self-test. When this test is success-
fully completed, the motor type is shown (collector-ring or brushless) and SPM READY should be blinking
on the display. If not, then a problem exists with the microprocessor or a peripheral device.
3. Obtain a list of the factory programmed setpoints and review the SPM setpoints. See Section 5.2: SET-
POINTS MENU on page 52 for information on setpoints.
b) TEST MODE
Built-in diagnostics ensure the unit is operational prior to start-up. The SPM is placed in TEST MODE as fol-
lows: 7
1. Press the GE key to enter the STAT MODE menu.
2. Press the GE key again to enter the PROGRAMMING MODE menu.
3. Press the GE key one more time to enter the TEST MODE menu.
4. Select the required test then press ENTER to begin testing. There are three tests to choose from: system
test (SYSTEM TEST), squirrel cage protection test (SC PROT TEST), and synchronization and power fac-
tor test (SYNC AND PF TEST). When entering test mode, the SPM responds by opening (de-energizing)
the TRIP relay contacts. When exiting test mode, the SPM responds by closing (energizing) the TRIP relay
contacts.
SYSTEM TEST: The SPM performs a complete system test on internal memory, input-output
devices, timers, and other system functions. The results are displayed as the test progresses. The
test sequence will report any failures. If a failure persists after two or three attempts, the unit
should be replaced. The SPM must be reset if the test fails.
Closing the feeder to the controller unit provides power to the control circuits and to the SPM. Energizing the
SPM causes the TRIP relay contacts (terminals TRP1TRP2) to close and the SPM to display SPM READY.
Refer to Figure 24: PANEL AND TERMINAL LAYOUT on page 25 for trip relay contact locations and Figure
23: TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM on page 24 for wiring details.
Pressing the START button picks up relay MX, which in turn energizes the coil of main contactor M. When M
closes and applies AC power to the motor, induced field current flows through the field discharge resistor and
an associated voltage drop appears across terminals VF + and VF . The frequency of this induced field voltage
decreases as the motor speed increases, and the speed sensing circuits of the SPM cause the FAR relay to
close as the motor reaches the programmed slip value. When the FAR relay contacts (terminals FAR1FAR2)
close, the field contactor (FC) closes and applies excitation to the motor from the exciter.
7 After the programmed FCX DELAY, the FCX relay picks up and closes its contacts, allowing the customer's
automatic loading circuits to be activated.
The SPM uses the alphanumeric display to indicate the following information:
programming prompts
SPM trip explanations
readout of the desired motor running parameters
The motor running parameters are displayed as follows.
Before start, the SPM displays SPM READY.
While starting, the power factor and line amperes are displayed.
When the field contactor closes, the SPM momentarily displays FIELD IS APPLIED followed by the nor-
mal running display of line current, field current (if this option is furnished), and motor power factor. The +
indicates leading power factor (motor generating reactive power) while "" indicates lagging power factor
(motor consuming reactive power). The unity (1.0) power factor display may have a "+" or "" sign indicat-
ing that power factor is just slightly leading or lagging.
Once the motor has synchronized, the SPM displays power factor, line current, field volts (if optioned), field
current (if optioned), and field ohms (if optioned).
The SPM has a number of built-in messages that may appear during normal operation or if an error is
detected. Errors may occur because the CPU detects a problem internal to the SPM. These messages are
explained in detail below.
FIELD IS APPLIED: This message appears when the SPM has closed the field contactor. It is displayed
briefly and is a normal SPM function.
PWR FACTOR TRIP: The motor has been operating below the power factor setpoint too long causing a
trip.
CHECK EXCITER: The field voltage is below the minimum entered in the field undervoltage setpoint. The
exciter should be checked to determine that it is functioning properly. Also, the setpoint should be exam-
ined to see if it is set too high for the normal exciter output.
FIELD LOSS TRIP!: The field current is less than the field current setpoint. The exciter should be checked
7
for proper output and the field current setpoint should be checked.
MISSING VOLTAGE!: The SPM is NOT receiving a power factor reference voltage input to terminals
V1EXT and V2EXT and PF REF is set to External.
SQL CAGE TRIP!: The SPM has tripped the motor off-line due to a squirrel cage protection trip. The motor
must be allowed to cool for the amount of time displayed by the SPM.
PULL-OUT TRIP!: A trip has been caused by motor line current exceeding 4 times the full load current
setpoint for longer than the PF delay time.
INCOM SEQ TRIP!: The SPM has tripped the motor due to an incomplete sequence fault. The source of
the fault should be located before the motor is restarted.
PULL-OUT TRIP!: The SPM has tripped the motor due to pull-out.
FIELD OVERTEMP!: The SPM has tripped the motor due to overtemperature on the field windings.
FAIL TO RESYNC!: The SPM has tripped the motor due to a failure to resynchronize.
START INHIBITED! Ready in xxx min.: The SPM has tripped the motor and will not allow a restart attempt
for xxx minutes.
RUN-TIME FAULT: The CPU has calculated a series of values within a set time limit that are out of their
valid ranges. Power must be cycled to the unit to correct this error.
ROM FAILURE: A PROM checksum error occurred during self-test. Consult GE Multilin to correct this
problem.
NOVRAM FAILURE: After the SPM writes data to its non-volatile memory (E2PROM), the CPU immedi-
ately reads back the last value and compares it to what should have been written. If the two values are not
equal, the SPM displays this message. This generally indicates a problem with the CPU Board. The SPM
should be replaced.
RAM FAILURE: A RAM checksum error occurred during self-test. This error is sometimes cleared by
cycling power through the unit. Otherwise, consult GE Multilin.
FPGA FAILURE: The Field Programmable Gate Array has failed to configure during self-test. Power can
be cycled to the unit in an attempt to clear this error. Otherwise, consult the GE Multilin.
CHECK MX & TRP CIRCUIT: The motor is in a tripped state. Either the MX contacts are still open and the
TRIP relay is de-energized, or the TRIP relay is energized but the internal circuitry to sense this has failed.
MX or TRP FAILURE: The MX circuit or the TRIP relay circuit has failed.
COMM CARD FAILURE: The communications card has failed or was not present during power up or
SYSTEM TEST. A periodic display of this error occurs only if a communication card test was passed during
power-up and subsequently fails during normal operation. Only for units with the communications option.
WDT CKT FAILURE: The watchdog timer circuit has failed during self-test.
INCOMPLETE SETUP: The internal configuration information (not user selectable) has been lost and the
unit will not function. The SPM must be returned to GE Multilin for correction of this problem.
CALIBRATION REQD: The SPM has lost the calibration information stored in its non-volatile memory.
The unit must be returned to GE Multilin for correction of this problem.
FORCED WDT TRIP: The TRIP relay has been told to de-energize but is still showing as energized. In this
condition, the CPU forces a watchdog timer trip in an attempt to de-energize the TRIP relay.
See Users Manual: Consult the user manual for correction.
7 Press any key to clear a trip messages such as PWR FACTOR TRIP! or SQL CAGE TRIP!.
NOTE
DO NOT DEFEAT THE MOTOR RESTART PROTECTION PROVIDED BY THE SPM BY SWITCH-
ING THE CONTROL POWER ON AND OFF. THE ABOVE ACTION RESETS THE STALL TIME
CAUTION
COUNTERS WHICH DEFEATS MOTOR PROTECTION FROM FREQUENT RESTARTS.
Following these instructions will permit tune-up of the regulator during the initial start-up of the motor. Perform
all start-up procedures in Section 7.1: START-UP PROCEDURE on page 71 before proceeding.
1. Enter the following initial values into the SPM (see Section 5.3: OPTIONAL POWER FACTOR REGULA-
TION SETPOINTS on page 510 for additional information on these setpoints):
REG PF = OFF
STABILITY = 1 cyc
REG GAIN = 10
REG. OUTPUT = 10 V
FLOOR = 5.0 V
Setting REG PF = OFF places FLOOR in control of the motor field. The power factor regulator is dis-
abled.
FLOOR = 5.0 V is sufficiently high enough to not trip the motor due to underexcitation when started.
2. After the above values are stored in memory and SPM READY is displayed, start the motor (unloaded if
possible) and allow it to synchronize. The display should indicate a leading (positive) power factor.
3. To facilitate regulator tune-up, the five power factor regulator parameters can be changed while the motor
is running. These are the only parameters that can be changed while in the "tuning mode".
To get in "tuning mode" while the motor is running, enter programming mode and scroll to the REGULA-
TOR TUNING menu. Press the ENTER key to enter the menu.
4. Press / until the FLOOR VOLTS setpoint is displayed. Adjust the motor field current for a
desired minimum (typically between 80 to 100% of rated field current). Change the floor value to a value
above or below the initial value of 5.0, depending on whether more or less field current is desired. The floor
parameter is the output voltage across the PF regulator output terminals +N and N.
This method of parameter entry can only be employed while the motor is running and only for the
five power factor regulator parameters.
NOTE
5. Once the desired minimum motor field current is obtained, press ENTER to deselect FLOOR VOLTS.
Press / until the PF REG setpoint appears. Program the desired power factor (typically between
0.8 and 1.0). The control of the motor field current should now be in control of the closed-loop power factor
regulator. Press ENTER again to deselect the PF REG setpoint. 7
6. Reset the REG OUTPUT setpoint to the original factory setting. This setpoint has been chosen to match
the input of the separate variable exciter.
7. The regulator gain setpoint can probably be left at 10. However, should instability (hunting) occur, or if
more optimum response is desired, the gain may be increased or decreased as desired. Press /
until REG GAIN appears in the display and enter new setpoints (range 1 to 100) using the same procedure
as for the FLOOR and REG PF setpoints. The optimum gain is the highest possible gain setting without
power factor instability detectable by a fluctuating exciter output and power factor. If instability still occurs,
then increase the value of the STABILITY setpoint as required to dampen the fluctuating power factor.
These parameters are automatically stored in the E2PROM when the motor is shut down.
Do not attempt to regulate 1.0 power factor with an unloaded or lightly loaded machine. A synchro-
nous machine running unloaded at or near unity power factor is inherently unstable and will probably
NOTE
be tripped from power factor protection. Adjust the FLOOR setpoint high enough to override the reg-
ulator and avoid the instability while allowing the PF to move near zero lead power factor.
Display is frozen. Drop control power momentarily to the SPM and reapply. Some
portion of the display should be actively blinking. If not, the CPU is
not functioning. Replace with a new SPM.
Missing or improper motor-on, Add or correct the isolated normally closed interlock from the main
motor-off input to SPM contactor or relay operated with the main contactor. Interlock is to
be placed across MX to MX1 interlocks.
NOTE: This interlock must be open when the motor is engaged.
SPM not properly programmed. Call each program address and check setpoint data against the
desired setpoints (usually listed in the controller elementary).
If the exciter voltage option is Correct the operation of the DC field exciter so it outputs DC.
supplied, exciter may not be
energized
Relay in tripped condition. Press any keyboard button to RESET.
Internal connector cable loose. Remove front panel and check ribbon connectors for tightness.
Ensure connectors are not skewed or partially connected to pins.
Wiring to terminal points on rear Connect or tighten missing/loose wires to proper points on the
of unit are missing / loose. rear of the unit.
The following example uses the following motor data and should be referred to as the example progresses.
The data is for a 400 hp 4000 V ring-type motor. We will assume that all of the optional features available with
the SPM have been installed. The following pages show the keypresses made by the operator, the SPM dis-
play response, and comments concerning the programming operation. The SPM READY message should be
displayed at the beginning of the operation. Refer to Chapter 7 for programming the SPM for brush-less
motors.
Motor: 400 hp, PF = 0.8, 720 RPM, 4000 V.
Induced field current: 0% SPD, 30 A; 95% SPD, 17 A.
Recommended field discharge resistance: 21
Allowable stall time: 7 seconds
50 percent run time: 11 seconds.
The induced field voltage (product of induced field in amperes and discharge resistance in ohms)
must fall between 200 and 1000 V at both zero and 95% speed. For this example:
NOTE 21 30 A = 630 V (zero speed check)
21 17 A = 357 V (95% speed check)
The criterion is thus met for this example.
If induced field voltage is greater than 1000 volts, contact the factory
Table 72: PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE (Sheet 1 of 4)
KEYPRESS DISPLAY COMMENTS
None Ready-mode display
Coll-Ring Motor
SPM READY
Select the setpoint. Use the scroll key(s) to select value of 5.0
, ENTER PF DELAY: 10.0 s seconds and then ENTER to accept new value
ENTER to modify
Select the setpoint. Use the scroll keys to move to the PF MODE
, ENTER PF MODE: ridethru setpoint and then ENTER to select the setpoint.
ENTER to modify
Press the scroll down key to move to the FCX delay setpoint. This
FCX DELAY: 1 s value will remain as is.
ENTER to modify
Ready-mode display
Coll-Ring Motor
SPM READY
1. Always connect the MX input up to an auxiliary 'b' contact from the motor contactor.
It is this contact that indicates to the SPM that the motor has been started or stopped. Protection and synchro-
nization routines will not run properly if this input is not connected.
2. Ensure that all ground connections are made to the ground bus.
Grounding to doors or other painted surfaces may cause the noise immunity of the SPM to be reduced.
7.6.2 DON'Ts
1. Dont use the VDN module that was supplied with the old version MSPM (C0192) with the SPM.
The VDN module has changed and is incompatible. Damage or miss operation will occur if used.
4. Do not enable the FIELD VOLTS setpoint if the exciter is not powered up prior to starting the motor.
Field volts are monitored prior to starting and while the motor is running. A missing voltage start block will be is-
sued if the SPM detects field volts less than the setpoint level while the motor is stopped and prevent starting of
the motor.
4. What is the cause of an incomplete sequence trip and how do I correct it?
An incomplete sequence trip is issued if the motor fails to synchronize in a set amount of time. Check the fol-
lowing points:
Has the INC SEQ DLY been set long enough to allow the motor to start?
Check the VDN wiring VDN. Is it properly connected across the field discharge resistor (ring type motors)?
Has the SYNC SLIP setting been set to the correct level (ring type motors)?
Measure the frequency at the VF +/ terminals and ensure it falls below the programmed slip level. If not,
check wiring, grounding, and the motor.
The VDN is provided to connect the SPM to field and/or exciter voltages. The VDN is included as a standard
accessory.
The Calibration Module (CM) provides the proper AC excitation voltage to the DCCT and provides a calibration
adjustment to obtain a proper field amperes reading. This calibration is performed with a potentiometer.
The Calibration Module is required to utilize field current and/or field overtemperature features. It is included in
the optional PG2SPM or PG4SPM accessory packages.
NOTE
The Calibration Module for DCCT2 (GE part#1740-0005) if used with DCCT5 for DC currents higher
than 200A, may not perform as expected and can damage the calibration module.
WARNING
The standard DCCT primary has a rated 200 A primary and a 50 mA rated secondary (4000:1 ratio). DCCT ter-
minals connect to CM points (7) and (8) (polarity not important). Multiple turns of field able through the DCCT
window may be required to obtain the proper effective CT ratio. The DCCT is required to utilize field current
and/or field overtemperature features. It is available in the optional PG2SPM or PG4SPM accessory packages.
0.375
9.5
63 0.375
Inches
9.5
mm
701775A2.CDR
The SPM supports a subset of the AEG Modicon Modbus RTU serial communication standard using a 2-wire
RS485 interface. The following commands are supported (Modbus names are in brackets):
03: Read Setpoints and Actual Values (read holding registers)
04: Read Setpoints and Actual Values (read input registers)
05: Execute Operation (force single coil; coil number 1 emulates the relay reset function)
06: Store Single Setpoint (preset single register)
07: Read Device Status (read exception status)
16: Store Multiple Setpoints (preset multiple registers)
Baud rates: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200.
Turn around time less than 50 ms from receipt of last character to transmission of first character.
Two-wire RS485 connection.
Data frame fixed at 1 start, 8 data and 1 stop bit.
9.1.3 SETPOINTS
The following setpoints are required to set up the Modbus communications port:
CONFIGURATIONS \ RTU ADDRESS:Range 1 to 254. Set to the SPM address
(must be unique for each relay on the channel).
CONFIGURATIONS \ BAUD RATE: Set from 300 to 115k baud
CONFIGURATIONS \ PARITY: Set to none, even or odd, depending on configuration
CONFIGURATIONS \ TURNAROUND: Enter the minimum Modbus turnaround time, 0 to 1000 ms
The following table lists the coil numbers, which may be used in the Modbus "force coil" command.
Table 91: EXECUTE OPERATION CODES
COIL NUMB FUNCTION
ER
0001h Simulate a keypad reset (i.e., reset a trip after the condition has cleared)
0101h Force the FAR into the energized state
0111h Force the FAR into the de-energized state
0121h Un-force the FAR, reverting it to program control
9
0102h Force the FCX relay into the energized state
0112h Force the FCX relay into the de-energized state
0122h Un-force the FCX relay, reverting it to program control
0103h Force the TRP relay into the energized state
0113h Force the TRP relay into the de-energized state
9 FLA.
4. REGULATOR OUTPUT must be greater than or equal to FLOOR VOLTS, likewise FLOOR VOLTS must be less than or equal to REGULATOR
OUTPUT.
The purpose of this section is to demonstrate the procedures necessary to perform a complete functional test
10
of all the SPM hardware while also testing firmware/hardware interaction in the process. Since the SPM is
packaged in a drawout case, a demo case (metal carry case in which an SPM may be mounted) may be useful
for creating a portable test set with a wiring harness for all of the I/O. Testing of the relay during commissioning
using a primary injection test set will ensure that CTs and wiring are correct and complete.
Cycle power to SPM to clear lockout times that may occur during testing.
After testing is complete it is a good idea to zero all statistics.
NOTE
The following equipment is recommended to test the SPM's functionality and calibration.
1. 3 phase variable ac test set (voltage and current)
2. 0 to 15 V DC voltage source (needed to test Exciter/Field volts or current inputs)
3. Function generator (needed to test collector ring field application)
4. Timer
5. Multimeters
6. Switch
10 1. Connect the Va and Vb terminals of the 3-phase tester to SPM terminals B9 and B10 (control power and
PF voltage reference) respectively. Program for 120 V AC.
2. Connect the Switch to terminals A11 and A12 of the SPM (MX input). Close switch.
3. Connect the function generator's output (AC sinewave 5 to 10 V) to the VF terminals A18 and A19. Set to
60 Hz.
4. Connect multimeters to TRIP, FAR and FCX relay outputs to monitor relay status. Note: a timer may be
hooked up to start on FAR relay closure and stop on FCX closure to check timing.
a) CONFIGURATIONS
Program as defaults shown in Section 5.4: CONFIGURATIONS MENU on page 512 except for following
exceptions
MOTOR: Collr-Ring
b) SETPOINTS
Program as defaults shown in 5.2: SETPOINTS MENU on page 52.
10.2.3 TEST
1. Apply control power to relay and wait for self-test diagnostic to complete. Should get SPM READY mes-
sage and TRIP relay should close.
2. Set function generator to 60 Hz and turn on.
3. Open MX switch
4. Lower frequency to 5 Hz: Relay should not apply field.
5. Lower frequency to just under 3 Hz (5% of 60 Hz). FAR contact should close followed by FCX contact 1
second later. FIELD IS APPLIED message should momentarily flash on screen.
1. Connect the Va and Vb terminals of the 3-phase tester to SPM terminals B9 and B10 (control power and
10
PF voltage reference) respectively. Program for 120 V AC. To test the OPTIONAL PF REFERENCE input
connect Va and Vb to terminals A4 and A5 and 120 V AC to B9 and B10.
2. Connect Ic of the 3-phase tester terminals B3 and B4. Polarity is critical. Note: Ia and Ib outputs of 3q tes-
ter may have to be shorted if they cannot be turned off. Program for 4A.
3. Connect the function generator's output (AC sinewave 5 to 10 V) to the VF terminals A18 and A19. Set to
3 Hz.
4. Connect the Switch to terminals A11 and A12 of the SPM (MX input). Close switch.
5. Connect multimeter to TRIP relay outputs to monitor relay status.
a) CONFIGURATIONS
Program as defaults shown in Section 5.4: CONFIGURATIONS MENU on page 512 except for following
exceptions
MOTOR: Collector-Ring
PF REF: External (if testing the external PF volt-age reference)
b) SETPOINTS
Program as defaults shown in 5.2: SETPOINTS MENU on page 52.
10.3.3 TEST
1. Apply control power to relay and wait for self-test diagnostic to complete. Should get SPM READY mes-
sage and TRIP relay should close.
2. Turn on current source and function generator.
3. Open MX switch
4. FAR contact should close followed by FCX contact. FIELD IS APPLIED message should momentarily flash
on screen.
5. PF metered value will now be displayed along with other metered values.
6. Vary voltage angle as in table below and check PF reading.
a) CONFIGURATIONS
Program as defaults shown in Section 5.4: CONFIGURATIONS MENU on page 512 except for following
exceptions
MOTOR: Collector-Ring
b) SETPOINTS
Program as defaults shown in 5.2: SETPOINTS MENU on page 52.
10.4.3 TEST
1. Apply control power to relay and wait for self test diagnostic to complete. Should get SPM READY mes-
sage and TRIP relay should close.
2. Turn on current source and function generator.
3. Open MX switch
4. FAR contact should close followed by FCX contact. FIELD IS APPLIED message should momentarily flash
on screen.
5. PF metered value will now be displayed along with other metered values.
6. Vary voltage angle as in table below and check PF reading.
1. Connect the Va and Vb terminals of the 3-phase voltage source to SPM terminals B9 and B10 (control
10
power and PF voltage reference) respectively. Program for 120 V AC.
2. Connect the Switch to terminals A11 and A12 of the SPM (MX input). Close switch.
3. Connect multimeters to TRIP and FCX relay outputs to monitor relay status.
4. Connect a timer to start on MX switch opening and stop on FAR closure to check timing. Repeat with FAR
and FCX respectively for FCX timing.
a) CONFIGURATIONS
Program as defaults shown in Section 5.4: CONFIGURATIONS MENU on page 512.
b) SETPOINTS
Program as defaults shown in 5.2: SETPOINTS MENU on page 52.
10.5.3 TEST
1. Apply control power to relay and wait for self-test diagnostic to complete. Should get SPM READY mes-
sage and TRIP relay should close.
2. Open MX switch
3. FAR contact should close after FAR DELAY expires followed by FCX contact. FIELD IS APPLIED message
should momentarily flash on screen.
10 1. Connect the Va and Vb terminals of the 3-phase tester to SPM terminals B9 and B10 (control power and
PF voltage reference) respectively. Program for 120 V AC. To test the OPTIONAL PF REFERENCE input
connect Va and Vb to terminals A4 and A5 and 120VAC to B9 and B10.
2. Connect Ia of the 3-phase tester terminals B3 and B4 and Ib to terminals B1 and B2. Polarity is critical.
Note: Ic outputs of 3-phase tester may have to be shorted if they cannot be turned off. Program for 4 A.
3. Connect the Switch to terminals A11 and A12 of the SPM (MX input). Close switch.
4. Connect multimeter to TRIP relay outputs to monitor relay status.
a) CONFIGURATIONS
Program as defaults shown in Section 5.4: CONFIGURATIONS MENU on page 512 except for the following:
PF REF: External (if testing the external PF voltage reference)
b) SETPOINTS
Program as defaults shown in 5.2: SETPOINTS MENU on page 52.
10.6.3 TEST
1. Apply control power to relay and wait for self-test diagnostic to complete. Should get SPM READY mes-
sage and TRIP relay should close.
2. Turn on current source.
3. Open MX switch
4. FAR contact should close after programmed delay followed by FCX contact. FIELD IS APPLIED message
should momentarily flash on screen.
5. PF metered value will now be displayed along with other metered values.
6. Vary voltage angle as in table below and check PF reading.
1. Connect as for Brushless Motor Power Factor Test in the previous section.
10
2. Connect timer to TRIP relay.
a) CONFIGURATIONS
Program as defaults shown in Section 5.4: CONFIGURATIONS MENU on page 512.
b) SETPOINTS
Program as defaults shown in 5.2: SETPOINTS MENU on page 52.
10.7.3 TEST
1. Apply control power to relay and wait for self test diagnostic to complete. Should get SPM READY mes-
sage and TRIP relay should close.
2. Turn on current source.
3. Open MX switch
4. FAR contact should close followed by FCX contact. FIELD IS APPLIED message should momentarily flash
on screen.
5. PF metered value will now be displayed along with other metered values.
6. Vary voltage angle as in table below and check PF reading.
a) CONFIGURATIONS
Program as defaults shown in Section 5.4: CONFIGURATIONS MENU on page 512 except for the following:
MOTOR: Collr-Ring (if testing for Collector-Ring application)
b) SETPOINTS
Program as defaults shown in 5.2: SETPOINTS MENU on page 52 except for the following:
FL AMPS: 50
10.8.3 TEST
1. Apply control power to relay and wait for self test diagnostic to complete. Should get SPM READY mes-
sage and TRIP relay should close.
2. Turn on current source (and function generator for Collector-Ring).
3. Open MX switch
4. FAR contact should close followed by FCX contact. FIELD IS APPLIED message should momentarily flash
on screen.
5. AC Amps metered value will now be displayed along with other metered values.
6. Vary current as in table below and record reading.
7. At greater than 4x motor full load a pull out trip should occur.
1. Connect as in Section 10.3: COLLECTOR-RING MOTOR POWER FACTOR TEST on page 103 or Sec-
10
tion 10.6: BRUSHLESS MOTOR POWER FACTOR TEST on page 106.
2. Connect DC Voltage source to terminals A20 and A21 (ensure correct polarity).
a) CONFIGURATIONS
Program as defaults shown in Section 5.4: CONFIGURATIONS MENU on page 512 except for the following:
MOTOR: Collector-Ring (if testing for Collector-Ring application)
b) SETPOINTS
Program as defaults shown in 5.2: SETPOINTS MENU on page 52.
10.9.3 TEST
1. Apply control power to relay and wait for self-test diagnostic to complete. Should get SPM READY mes-
sage and TRIP relay should close.
2. Turn on current source (and function generator for Collector-Ring).
3. Open MX switch
4. FAR contact should close followed by FCX contact. FIELD IS APPLIED message should momentarily flash
on screen.
5. DC VOLTS metered value will now be displayed along with other metered values.
6. Vary DC voltage as in table below and record reading.
10 1. Connect as in Section 10.3: COLLECTOR-RING MOTOR POWER FACTOR TEST on page 103 or Sec-
tion 10.6: BRUSHLESS MOTOR POWER FACTOR TEST on page 106.
2. Connect DC Voltage source to terminals A24 and A25 (ensure correct polarity).
3. Note this test is done as secondary injection testing without the CM or DCCT.
a) CONFIGURATIONS
Program as defaults shown in Section 5.4: CONFIGURATIONS MENU on page 512 except for the following:
MOTOR: Collector-Ring (if testing for Collector-Ring application)
b) SETPOINTS
Program as defaults shown in 5.2: SETPOINTS MENU on page 52.
10.10.3 TEST
1. Apply control power to relay and wait for self-test diagnostic to complete. Should get SPM READY mes-
sage and TRIP relay should close.
2. Turn on current source (and function generator for Collector-Ring).
3. Open MX switch
4. FAR contact should close followed by FCX contact. FIELD IS APPLIED message should momentarily flash
on screen.
5. DC AMPS metered value will now be displayed along with other metered values.
6. Vary DC voltage as in table below and record reading.
A
DESCRIPTION DEFAULT USER DESCRIPTION DEFAULT USER
VALUE VALUE
SETPOINTS CONFIGURATIONS
PF TRIP 0.60 MOTOR Coll-Ring
PF DELAY 1.0 s LINE FREQ 60 Hz
PF SUPP 6% FLC PF REF internal
PF MODE ridethru RTU ADDRESS 1
FAR DELAY 0s BAUD RATE 19.2k
FCX DELAY 1s PARITY None
AC CT RTG 50/5 TURNAROUND 5
FL AMPS 25 STAT read only
LR AMPS 200 PASSWORD 0000
SYNC SLIP 5.0% CALIBRATION
STALL TIME 10 s FS EXC VOLT
RUNTIME 1.05 x ST FS EXC AMPS
DC CT PRIM 5A FS MTR AMPS
HIGH FIELD OFF
FIELD AMPS OFF
FLD IE DLY N/A
FIELD VOLTS OFF
EX VLT DELAY N/A
INC SEQ DLY OFF
REG PF 0.00
REG GAIN 1
STABILITY 1 cyc
REG OUTPUT 1V
FLOOR VOLTS 0.0
A
DESCRIPTION DEFAULT USER DESCRIPTION DEFAULT USER
VALUE VALUE
SETPOINTS CONFIGURATIONS
PF TRIP 0.60 MOTOR Coll-Ring
PF DELAY 1.0 s LINE FREQ 60 Hz
PF SUPP 6% FLC PF REF internal
PF MODE ridethru RTU ADDRESS 1
FAR DELAY 0s BAUD RATE 19.2k
FCX DELAY 1s PARITY None
AC CT RTG 50/5 TURNAROUND 5
FL AMPS 25 STAT read only
LR AMPS 200 PASSWORD 0000
SYNC SLIP 5.0% CALIBRATION
STALL TIME 10 s FS EXC VOLT
RUNTIME 1.05 x ST FS EXC AMPS
DC CT PRIM 5A FS MTR AMPS
HI EXC FIELD OFF
EX FLD AMPS OFF
FLD IE DLY N/A
EX FLD VOLTS OFF
EX VLT DELAY N/A
INC SEQ DLY OFF
REG PF 0.00
REG GAIN 1
STABILITY 1 cyc
REG OUTPUT 1V
FLOOR VOLTS 0.0
Warranty shall not apply to any relay which has been subject to mis-
use, negligence, accident, incorrect installation or use not in accor-
dance with instructions nor any unit that has been altered outside a GE
Multilin authorized factory outlet.
E
K
EDITING A SETPOINT FILE ......................................... 4-5
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ...................................... 2-4 KEYPAD INTERFACE .................................................4-10
ELEMENTS OF A SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR CONTROLLER
2-1
EXCITER VOLTAGE OUTPUT MONITOR ..................... 2-6 L
EXECUTE OPERATION COMMAND CODES (COIL
NUMBERS) ............................................................. 9-1 LINE FREQUENCY .....................................................5-12
EXPLODED VIEW OF THE SPM ................................... 2-1
S
O
SALIENT POLE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR ....................3-1
OPTIONAL POWER FACTOR REGULATION SETPOINTS . SETPOINT TABLE ....................................................... A-1
5-10 SETPOINTS .................................................................9-1
ORDER CODES .......................................................... 1-3 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM ...............................................1-2
ORDERING ................................................................. 1-3 SOFTWARE
OVERHAULING LOAD installation .................................................................4-2
power factor detection ..............................................3-15 SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................1-4
OVERVIEW ...........................................................1-1, 2-1 SPM FAQ ................................................................... 7-13
SPM MESSAGES .........................................................7-3
SPM MOUNTING ACCESSORIES .................................2-2
P SPM SPECIFICATIONS ................................................1-4
SPM TEST CHECKS .....................................................7-1
PANEL AND TERMINAL LAYOUT ................................ 2-5 SPM TROUBLESHOOTING (Sheet 1 of 2) .....................7-6
PARITY ......................................................................5-12 SPMPC SOFTWARE .....................................................4-1
PASSWORD ...............................................................5-13 SQUIRREL CAGE TRIP COUNTER ...............................6-3
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS .............................. 9-1 STABILITY ................................................................. 5-10
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ............................................. 2-3 STALL PROTECTION ................................................. 3-19
POWER FACTOR STALL TIME .................................................................5-5
detection ..................................................................3-15 STANDBY MODE .........................................................7-1
effect of voltage dips ................................................3-13 STARTING AND SYNCHRONIZING ...............................3-5
indication .................................................................3-15 STARTING PROTECTION .............................................3-7
operation .................................................................3-11 STARTING THE BRUSHLESS MOTOR ........................ 3-18
protection ........................................................ 3-10, 3-19 STARTING TORQUE ....................................................3-1
regulation ........................................................ 3-16, 3-19 START-UP DESCRIPTION ............................................7-2
POWER FACTOR DELAY ............................................ 5-2 START-UP PROCEDURE .............................................7-1
POWER FACTOR MODE ............................................. 5-3 STATUS .......................................................................6-2
POWER FACTOR OUTPUT .......................................... 2-6 STATUS MODE .......................................................... 5-13
POWER FACTOR REFERENCE ..................................5-12 SYNCHRONOUS SLIP ..................................................5-5
POWER FACTOR REGULATION OUTPUT ................... 2-7 SYNCHRONOUS TORQUE ...........................................3-1
POWER FACTOR REGULATOR ..................................5-10
POWER FACTOR SUPRESSION .................................. 5-2
POWER FACTOR TRIP ............................................... 5-2 T
POWER FACTOR TRIP COUNTER .............................. 6-3
PRINTING SETPOINTS & ACTUAL VALUES ................ 4-8 TEST MODE .................................................................7-1
PROGRAMMING ......................................................... 7-8 TORQUE
PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE ......................................... 7-8 starting ......................................................................3-1
PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE (Sheet 1 of 4) ................... 7-8 synchronous ..............................................................3-1
PULL-OUT TRIP COUNTER ......................................... 6-2 TORQUE VS. SPEED ...................................................3-3
TRENDING ...................................................................4-9
TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................7-6
R TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE .......................................7-6
TURNAROUND .......................................................... 5-13
REDUCED VOLTAGE STARTING ................................. 3-8 TYPICAL ROTOR FLUX AND CURRENT AT PULL-IN ....3-2
REFERENCE VOLTAGE INPUT CONNECTIONS .......... 2-7 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER ACTION OF ROTOR FLUX AND
REGULATOR GAIN ....................................................5-10 CURENT (CONSTANT SLIP) ....................................3-2
REGULATOR OUTPUT LIMIT .....................................5-11 TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM ........................................2-4
REGULATOR TUNE-UP ............................................... 7-5
The latest product information for the SPM Synchronous Motor Protection and Control relay is available on the
Internet via the GE Multilin home page:
http://www.GEmultilin.com