An Accident That Should Never Have Happened: The International Maritime Human Element Bulletin
An Accident That Should Never Have Happened: The International Maritime Human Element Bulletin
An Accident That Should Never Have Happened: The International Maritime Human Element Bulletin
O ur cover article tells a sad tale of an accident
that should never have happened. It
demonstrates a lack of awareness (education) of
Issue No. 6 - Competent people make
the difference
( www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_6.
what constitutes an enclosed space and of the pdf ) and its associated video:
dangers of entering such spaces without taking the www.he-alert.org/user/vodcast6.asp
necessary precautions; and a lack of training and
drills in rescue procedures. Issue No. 20 - Education, training & career
development crucial for safe operations ( www.
There have been a number of initiatives aimed he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_20.pdf )
at improving the awareness of the dangers and its associated video:
of entering enclosed spaces, not least: IMO www.he-alert.org/user/vodcast20.asp
The Editor
Resolution A.1050(27) - Revised recommendations
Alert! for entering enclosed spaces aboard ships ( http:// Issue No. 29 - It takes a special sort of person
The Nautical Institute imodocs.com/txt/data_www/texts/A1050_27e. to be a maritime educator and instructor ( www.
php3 ); the Marine Accident Investigators he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_29.pdf )
202 Lambeth Road
International Forum (MAIIF) Enclosed Space In Issue No. 6, we describe Education as:
London SE1 7LQ
Entry safety poster and screensaver ( www.
United Kingdom maiif.org/index.php/enclosed-space-entry ); the The gradual process of acquiring knowledge
UK Merchant Navy Training Board (MNTB) through learning and instruction, and the
editor@he-alert.org criteria for short course training for Entry into development of personal attributes through
Enclosed Spaces ( www.mntb.org.uk/en-GB/ upbringing and observation and gaining
Short-Course-Criteria---covering-STCW-95 ); and knowledge through textbooks.
Captain Michael Lloyd has written extensively And we describe Training as:
on this subject in The Nautical Institutes
journal Seaways, his most recent article can be The development of skills or knowledge
downloaded from: www.he-alert.org/documents/ through instruction or practice, which is a
published/he01145.pdf planned systematic development of the aptitude,
knowledge, understanding, skill, attitude and
The IMOs 92nd Maritime Safety Committee behaviour pattern required by an individual, so
(MSC 92) recently adopted amendments that he/she can adequately carry out a given task
to SOLAS regulation III/19, on emergency or perform in a particular job.
training and drills, to mandate enclosed-space
entry and rescue drills, which will require crew However, in everything we do, there are elements
members with enclosed-space entry or rescue of education and training, particularly when
responsibilities to participate in an enclosed-space addressing the role of human behaviour in respect
entry and rescue drill at least once every two to safety at sea, safety culture change programs or
months. The amendments are expected to enter the development and recognition of people.
into force on 1 January 2015.
The centrespread in this Issue offers some
This Issue of Alert! focusses on Education and thoughts on this subject by way of an A to Z of
Training. It complements what has been said in: Education and Training.
Introducing The Nautical Institutes most recent publication, A select group of European maritime stakeholders have been
Captain Le Goubin explains why mentoring is so vital - and why collaborating in an EU funded research project, the aim of which
it is a role that everyone should be ready to take on is to design and implement an innovative 3D virtual training
platform for seafarer safety training. This paper describes the
work of the Teamsafety project
Downloadable from: Downloadable from:
www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01185.pdf www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01205.pdf
http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Nautical-Institute-1107227 http://www.youtube.com/TheNauticalInstitute
The authors
T he authors of the UK Maritime and
Coastguard Agency (MCA) book The Human
Element: a guide to human behaviour in the
message that we all act and behave differently in
different situations and under different external
and internal pressures. The one element that
of the UK shipping industry - have teamed up with a underpins our operations, both ashore and at sea,
maritime training film maker to produce a film and which is so difficult to predict is the human
Maritime and about the role of human behaviour in safety being - our interaction with other people and with
at sea. the equipment we use to carry out our duties. It
Coastguard The film uses a dramatic story to show how
is therefore critical to understand this if we are to
continue to improve and grow the safety cultures
a series of relatively minor oversights and
and standards right across the industry. The
Agency misjudgements by different crew members can
comprehensive understanding and corresponding
work together to create a major incident at sea.
application of the human element are keys to
The film shows how the story unfolds from the
(MCA) book: very different perspectives of each of the five crew
that success.
members involved.
The Human The Human Element: a guide to human behaviour in
Iain Bruce, Health and Safety Manager & DPA
the shipping industry can be downloaded from:
at BP Shipping Ltd, tells how this film has been
Element - have put to good effect as a teaching aid.
www.dft.gov.uk/mca/the_human_element_a_guide_to_
human_behaviour_in_the_shipping_industry.pdf
The MCA publication The Human Element: a
teamed up guide to human behaviour in the shipping industry
has been well received in BP Shipping and has
with a mari- raised our awareness of how states of mind,
decisions and behaviours impact and affect not
time training only the way that we work, perform and act but
also how these actions can and will affect those
around us.
film maker to
My previous experience as an investigator for
produce a film BP Shippings Marine Incident Investigation
Team has shown me that one common theme in
any incident is that there is always an element
about the role of human interaction that either had a direct
causal link to an incident or contributed to it. For further information about the film, go to:
of human The challenge for me has always been how www.thehumanelementfilm.com
best to make the link between the content and
behaviour in themes contained within the book and everyday
situations, bringing the contents and themes to life
so that everyone can understand them.
safety at sea.
In BP Shipping we used to do this with case
studies to tell the story of an incident, asking
individuals what they would have done in a
similar situation as the story unfolds. This was
successful to a degree, but the difficulty came
when trying to relay the human element behind
these cases.
This year the fleet operations team has been using
the newly released Human Element DVD at its
regular sea staff briefing sessions. The DVD tells
the story of a series of relatively minor, seemingly
unconnected, events which together culminate in
the grounding of a vessel. The feedback we have
received thus far, following these sessions, has
been excellent. The content has been described as
thought provoking and insightful. The DVD has
also been used with the shore staff with similar
success and praise.
The Human Element DVD does deliver a clear
A WARENESS
Public awareness and understanding of the maritime
industry and the vital role it plays in sustaining day-to-day life
around the world, especially for the promotion of careers in
she can adequately carry out a given task or perform in a
particular job
Alert! Issue No. 6, page 1
www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_6.pdf
F
the maritime industry
www.maritimeindustryfoundation.com/index.htm
AMILIARISATION
B
Knowledge and understanding of a ship and its systems
EST PRACTICE Alert! Issue No. 8, page 1
Voluntary training standards beyond the requirements www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_8.pdf
of SOLAS and STCW, such as:
ISM Code, Article 6.3:
The Tanker Officer Training Standard (TOTS)
www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01165.pdf
www.he-alert.org/documents/published/HE00785.pdf
C
Induction
OMPETENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A process for helping a newcomer to the industry to settle
Identifying present and future competence needs, into new working and social environments
facilitating comprehensive communication between sea and www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01170.pdf
G
shore regarding training, and turning competence goals into
business results AP ANALYSIS
Alert! Issue No. 20, page 3 Assessing the gap between the knowledge, skills
www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_20.pdf and attitudes that the people in the organization currently
possess against the knowledge, skills and attitudes that they
Alert! Issue No. 31, page 6 require to meet the organizations objectives. The root of
www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_31.pdf a training Needs Analysis (TNA) a review of learning and
D
development needs for staff within the organisation
ISTANCE LEARNING
Alert! Issue No. 11, page 2
Learning that takes place with the instructor and
learner(s) in physically separate locations www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_11.pdf
e-learning - learning that is primarily in an electronic format, www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/identifying-
i.e., Computer-Based Training (CBT), which may or may not learning-talent-development-needs.aspx
involve the internet
www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01150.pdf
The Manila Amendments to the Seafarers Training,
H UMAN ELEMENT LEADERSHIP &
MANAGEMENT
STCW prescribed mandatory training requirements in
Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) Code, Regulation resource management, leadership and teamworking skills
B-I/6 Art 6-11 at operational level, and leadership and managerial skills at
www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01155.pdf management levels
Work-based learning - the development of vocational The Manila Amendments to the Seafarers Training,
learning and skills whereby the student has the opportunity Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) Code
to apply in the workplace the academic knowledge acquired www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01175.pdf
I
while at University/College
www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01160.pdf
NTER CULTURAL EDUCATION
Understanding the cultural backgrounds, beliefs and
Self-directed learning - A process in which students take
attitudes of different nationality groups
the initiative to diagnose their learning needs, formulate
learning goals, identify resources for learning, select and http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/cultural-
implement learning strategies, and evaluate learning intelligence.htm
outcomes. www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01180.pdf
Blended learning - a flexible approach to delivery that
combines distance learning/ e-learning/ work-based
learning with face-to-face university/college teaching/
J OB ANALYSIS
The first stage in the process of defining the nature and
purpose of the role and the skills and attributes needed to
learning methods
E
carry out a job, which forms the basis of a job description and
ducation & training person specification
Education the gradual process of acquiring knowledge www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTCS_02.htm
K
through learning and instruction. The development of
personal attributes through upbringing and observation and NOWLEDGE, SKILLS & ATTRIBUTES
gaining knowledge through textbooks The key components of a Competency Framework
Training - the development of skills or knowledge through Knowledge - the theoretical or practical understanding of
instruction or practice. A planned systematic development a subject
of the aptitude, knowledge, understanding, skill, attitude Skill - proficiency that is acquired or developed through
and behaviour pattern required by an individual, so that he/ training or experience
5
L IFELONG LEARNING
Ongoing learning activity, to improve knowledge,
skills and competence. A key component of Continuing
Professional Development (CPD) - the process that enables
maritime professionals to take control of their own learning
and development by carrying out activities that ensure they
R
are competent and successful throughout their career, both
at sea and ashore EMINDERS
Alert! Issue No. 20, page 6 The use of aide-mmoires, performance aids, reminder
www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_20.pdf cards, cribsheets, descriptive labels, etc. to assist the
teaching/ learning process
www.nautinst.org/en/membership/CPD/
M
Alert! Issue No. 2, page 1
ENTORING www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_2.pdf
S
A work related or professionally based partnership
between two people which gives them the opportunity to IMULATION
share their professional and personal skills and experiences, A realistic imitation, in real time, of any shiphandling,
and to grow and develop in the process radar and navigation, propulsion, cargo/ballast or other ship-
Alert! Issue No. 31, page 8 system incorporating an interface suitable for interactive use
by the trainee or candidate either within or outside of the
www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_31.pdf operating environment
www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01185.pdf www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01200.pdf
www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01190.pdf www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01205.pdf
N EW OPPORTUNITIES
Encouraging seafarers to fulfil their career aspirations,
preparing them for promotion onboard or into shore
T RAINING THE TRAINER
Ensuring that maritime college lecturers and trainers are
appropriately qualified to teach/train those competencies for
management, or directing them towards post-graduate which they are employed to teach and to have an up to date
education or advanced skills training to allow them to appreciation of modern day ship operations and of the new
diversify into the wider maritime sector technology aboard ships
Alert! Issue No. 20 Alert! Issue No. 6, page 6
www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_20.pdf www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_6.pdf
O N JOB TRAINING
Onboard continuation training and drills to ensure
Alert! Issue No. 20, page 2
www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_20.pdf
U
compliance with SOLAS/ISM and other international
conventions and resolutions, and for the updating of PDATING/REVALIDATION
individual skills The revalidation of certificates of competency
Alert! Issue No. 20, page 3 The Manila Amendments to the Seafarers Training,
www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/Alert!_20.pdf Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) Code, Regulation I/11
www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01195.pdf www.he-alert.org/documents/published/he01210.pdf
P ERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Improving personal awareness and identity, developing
V ODCASTS
Short films that can be viewed online or downloaded
to a PC or Mobile device, aimed at anyone with an interest in
talents and potential, building human capital and facilitating
employability the Maritime Human Element
www.he-alert.org/documents/centrespreads/ http://www.he-alert.org/user/vodcasts.asp
centrespread_4.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_development W ORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT
Developing and supporting people to ensure access
Q UALITY ASSURANCE
To verify the quality of maritime training providers
globally to a uniform standard
to a skilled and flexible workforce
Alert! Issue No. 20, page 6
www.he-alert.org/documents/bulletin/alert!_20.pdf
www.dnv.in/industry/maritime/servicessolutions/ www.mntb.org.uk/en-GB/National-Occupational-Standards
competence/classificationoftraining/ www.investorsinpeople.co.uk/Needs/BusinessPriorities/
CertificationofManagementSystems.asp DevelopingPeople/Pages/default.aspx
we have adopted
I n July 2011, Almi Tankers became the first oil
tanker management company worldwide to be
fully recognised according to the UKs Investors
The IIP framework helps to establish an inclusive
and rewarding working environment, in which
people are given the opportunity to contribute to
in People Standard, following an audit by target and objective setting and are encouraged
the value of IIP International at the companys head office to identify the training activities and support they
in Athens. need in order to perform better.
operational We believe that a tanker management company By involving people in these processes and
needs to be totally trusted to deliver a reliable empowering them to make decisions and take
service that is safe, environmentally responsible actions with the support rather than specific
integrity as our and punctual. This is why we have adopted the direction of management, you encourage a sense
value of operational integrity as our guiding of ownership amongst individuals for the tasks in
guiding principle. principle. This means reliability, responsibility and which they are involved.
trustworthiness. It is an ethos that is expected of
Almi Tankers is very proud to have become the
This means all members of the team at all levels.
first tanker management company in the world
The Investors in People (IIP) standard, which to be fully recognised according to the Standard
reliability, demonstrates commitment to growth and to and look forward to continuing our work with
improving business performance through the the team at IIP International in order to reach the
responsibility development and recognition of people at all highest levels of recognition.
levels, helps us adhere to our values; it has already
enabled us to achieve our initial vision of growing
and trust- For further information about Investors in People go to:
into a reliable tanker management company www.investorsinpeople.com/
characterised by its operational integrity.
worthiness. It is
Almi Tankers has always recognised people to be
a companys most important resource. For this
an ethos that is
expected of all
reason, the company sought IIP recognition from
the outset of its activities. YOUR PRIORITY:
The IIP Standard was developed in 1990 in
members of the
collaboration with leading UK businesses of
all sizes and has become well recognised the
IMPROVING
team at all levels.
world over. The Standard provides a framework
of principles that are used to improve business
performance and competitiveness through a
PRODUCTIVITY
planned approach to setting and communicating
business objectives. The accomplishment of these
objectives is achieved through the involvement
and development of people.
The IIP Standard is one which can benefit any
organisation, building an organisational culture of
continuous improvement. For us, IIP recognition
is a method of demonstrating our belief that our
people are our most valuable asset.
The Standard represents a best practice in human
resources by matching what people can do and
what they are motivated to do with what the
organisation expects them to achieve.
Furthermore, the framework helps people
understand why their role is important in the
achievement of the organisations goals. In an
industry as dynamic as shipping, it is important
that team members from all levels are fully
committed to and engaged in the companys
objectives and the important concept of
continuous improvement.
groups with which they may work, both Every trainee should be entrusted to a officers, employees or agents are, individually and
collectively, referred to as 'The Nautical Institute
at college and at sea. responsible crew member to show them and Lloyd's Register Foundation'. The Nautical
their accommodation, explain the social Institute and Lloyd's Register Foundation assume
no responsibility and shall not be liable to any
arrangements and introduce them to other person for any loss, damage or expense caused
5. Understanding the risks
ship staff. The newcomer should then by reliance on the information or advice in this
Bulletin or howsoever provided, unless that person
The trainee must be made aware of be interviewed by the Master or head of has signed a contract with an entity from The Nautical
the risks that they may face when at sea, department who can explain about the Institute and Lloyd's Register Foundation for the
provision of this information or advice and in that
not least piracy and criminalisation of more formal aspects of employment, pay, case any responsibility or liability is exclusively on the
the seafarer. disciplinary procedures etc. terms and conditions set out in that contract.
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