AUS HILTI Manual 2007-09 PDF
AUS HILTI Manual 2007-09 PDF
AUS HILTI Manual 2007-09 PDF
Fastening
Technology
Manual
Fastening Technology
Manual
1
Important notice
1. Construction materials and conditions vary on different sites. If it is suspected that the base
material has insufficient strength to achieve a suitable fastening, contact the Hilti Technical
Advisory Service.
2. The information and recommendations given herein are based on the principles, formulae and
safety factors set out in the Hilti technical instructions, the operating manuals, the setting
instructions, the installation manuals and other data sheets that are believed to be correct at the
time of writing. The data and values are based on the respective average values obtained from
tests under laboratory or other controlled conditions. It is the users responsibility to use the data
given in the light of conditions on site and taking into account the intended use of the products
concerned. The user has to check if the listed prerequisites and criteria conform with the
conditions actually existing on the job-site. Whilst Hilti can give general guidance and advice, the
nature of Hilti products means that the ultimate responsibility for selecting the right product for a
particular application must lie with the customer.
3. All products must be used, handled and applied strictly in accordance with all current instructions
for use published by Hilti, i.e. technical instructions, operating manuals, setting instructions,
installation manuals etc.
4. All products are supplied and advice is given subject to the Hilti terms of business.
5.Hiltis policy is one of continuous development. We therefore reserve the right to alter
specifications, etc. without notice.
6. The given mean ultimate loads and characteristic data in the Fastening Technology Manual reflect
actual test results and are thus valid only for the indicated test conditions. Due to variations in local
base materials, on-site testing is required to determine performance at any specific site.
7. Hilti is not obligated for direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages, losses or expenses
in connection with, or by reason of, the use of, or inability to use the products for any purpose.
Implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose are specifically excluded.
Head Office:
Hilti (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.
ABN 44 007 602 100 (ACN 007 602 100)
23 Egerton Street
Silverwater NSW 2128
Phone: (02) 8748 1000
Fax: (02) 8748 1190
Website: www.hilti.com.au
Telephone: 131 292
Anywhere in Australia
Hilti = registered trademark of the Hilti Corporation, Schaan Right of technical and programme changes reserved S. E. & O.
2
In our strive to become your best partner, we have compiled all design
data relevant to anchoring solutions in this new Fastening Technology
Manual. It is intended to make your work easier, help to solve fastening
problems in their many forms safely as well as reliable and furthermore
to optimize the entire fastening system cost.
Danilo Calabr
3
Engineering Support
Engineering support
This compact Fastening Technology Manual, which you have in your hands, is just part of a
comprehensive range of engineering software which includes
More detailed technical information on specific topics or products as required
Anchor Design programme PROFIS Anchor.
4
Contents
Application guide 8
1 Base materials 16
1.1 Concrete.............................................................................................................................. 16
1.2 Masonry............................................................................................................................... 17
1.3 Other base materials ........................................................................................................... 18
1.4 Why does an anchor hold in base material? ....................................................................... 19
1.4.1 Failure modes......................................................................................................... 20
1.4.1.1 Effect of static loading ............................................................................. 20
1.4.1.2 Influence of cracks .................................................................................. 21
2 Corrosion 23
4 Resistance to fire 32
5 Anchor design 36
5
Contents
8.2 Differences between anchor & rebar fastening design .............................................. 164
8.3 HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive with rebar (Anchor design) ........................................ 165
8.4 Rebar fastening design concept .................................................................................... 174
8.4.1 Scope .................................................................................................................. 174
8.4.2 Symbols............................................................................................................... 175
8.4.3 Fastening design approach ................................................................................. 178
8.4.4 Design tables ....................................................................................................... 182
Design tables for Hilti HIT-HY 150 .................................................................... 186
Design tables for Hilti HIT-RE 500 .................................................................... 187
6
Contents
7
Application guide
Application guide
HDA-P design anchor An undercut is formed during the setting operation, using
a simple setting tool. Visual check for correct setting.
Complete removal possible. Where high loads and
HDA-T design anchor
stringent safety requirements must be met.
Sizes M10-M20.
HSL-3 heavy duty anchor A steel mechanical expansion anchor for heavy duty
fastenings, where safety is a key requirement.
Indicator nut version, HSL-3-B, with red cap nut which
breaks off when anchor correctly set. Sizes M8-M24.
HSC-A safety anchor HSC produces its own undercut when set.
The undercut is produced simultaneously
when driving the anchor sleeve over the
HSC-I anchor. Available with external and
safety anchor internal threads. Sizes M8-M12.
HSA stud anchor A stud anchor complete with nut and washer. Suitable for
in-place through fastenings. Wide range of sizes and
lengths available. M6-M20 sizes available (HSA, HSA-R)
M6-M20 sizes available.
HKD-S drop in anchor An internally threaded metal anchor, with shallow
embedment depth, which can be set flush with the surface.
M6-M20 internal thread sizes.
HUS-H concrete screw anchor A concrete screw anchor, set with a special setting tool,
directly into a drilled hole. For temporary indoor & outdoor
fixings, permanent indoor fixings.
8
Application guide
Application guide
Small edge
Flush Stainless
Solid Hollow Dynamic dist. &
setting/or steel avail. Fire rating
Masonry Masonry loading anchor
removable
spacing
9
Application guide
Application guide
Thread Hole Standard Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Foil Capsule Threaded rod
Size diameter embed. depth (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) designation designation
(mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25MPa fc,cyl = 25MPa (mm) (mm)
For external thread HAS-E rod
M8 10 80 12.9 7.9 160 80 HVU-M8 x 80 HAS-E M8
M10 12 90 17.4 12.6 180 90 HVU-M10 x 90 HAS-E M10
M12 14 110 25.0 18.3 220 110 HVU-M12 x 110 HAS-E M12
M16 18 125 36.4 34.6 250 140 HVU-M16 x 125 HAS-E M16
M20 24 170 66.0 54 340 180 HVU-M20 x 170 HAS-E M20
M24 28 210 95.1 77.8 420 210 HVU-M24 x 210 HAS-E M24
M30 35 270 153.0 199.3 540 270 HVU-M30 x 270 HAS-E M30
M36 40 330 213.5 291.5 660 330 HVU-M36 x 330 HAS-E M36
Loads are based on HAS-E rod; grade 5.8 steel ( M8 - M24) and grade 8.8 ( M30 - M36)
10
Application guide
Application guide
Bar Hole Standard Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min
size diameter embed. depth (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension)
(mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm)
N10 12-14 90 20.3 31.4 180 90
N12 15-16 110 29.7 45.2 220 110
N16 20-22 125 45.0 80.4 250 125
N20 25-28 170 76.4 125.7 340 170
N24 29-32 210 117.9 181 420 210
N28 34-37 270 148.2 246.3 540 270
N32 39-42 300 174.3 321.7 600 300
N36 44-46 330 198.6 407.2 660 330
N40 48-50 360 222.6 502.7 720 360
11
Application guide
Application guide
HDA-T*
Thread Hole Anchorage Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. Tightening Ordering
Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) min (tension) torque designation
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
HDA-P*
Thread Hole Anchor. Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. Tight. Ordering
Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) min (tens.) torque designation
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
HSL-3-B
Thread Hole Hole Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Tight. Ordering designation
Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) torque
(mm) min. (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
(mm)
12
Application guide
Application guide
HSL-3
Thread Hole Hole Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Tight. Ordering designation
Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) torque
(mm) min. (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
(mm)
HSC-A
Thread Hole Hole Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Tight. Ordering designation
Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) torque
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
13
Application guide
Application guide
HSC-I
Thread Hole Hole Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Tight. Ordering designation
Size dia. depth hole (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) torque
(mm) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
14
Application guide
Application guide
15
Base Materials
16
Base Materials
1.2 Masonry
Masonry is a heterogeneous base material. The hole being
drilled for an anchor can run into mortar joints or cavities.
Owing to the relatively low strength of masonry, the loads taken
up locally cannot be particularly high. A tremendous variety of
types and shapes of masonry bricks are on the market, e.g. clay Different types and shapes
bricks, sand-lime bricks or concrete bricks, all of different
shapes and either solid or with cavities. Hilti offers a range of
different fastening solutions for this variety of masonry base
material, e.g. the HPS-1, HRD, HUD, HIT, etc.
When making a fastening, care must be taken to ensure that a plaster coating is not a base material
layer of insulation or plaster is not used as the base material. for fastenings.
The specified anchorage depth (depth of embedment) must be
in the actual base material.
17
Base Materials
Lightweight concrete Lightweight concrete: This is concrete which has a low density, i.e.
1800kg/m,3 and a porosity that reduces the strength of the
concrete and thus the loading capacity of an anchor. Hilti offers
the HRD, HUD, HGN, etc anchor systems for this base
material.
Variety of base materials In addition to the previously named building materials, a large
variety of others, e.g. natural stone, etc, can be encountered in
practice. Furthermore, special building components are also
made from the previously mentioned materials which, because
of manufacturing method and configuration, result in base
materials with peculiarities that must be given careful attention,
e.g. hollow ceiling floor components, etc.
Jobsite tests In some cases, testing on the jobsite should be arranged to verify
the suitability and the loading capacity of the selected anchor.
18
Base Materials
Friction
The tensile load, N, is Friction
transferred to the base
material by friction, R. T he
expansion force, Fexp, is
necessary for this to take
place. It is produced, for
example, by driving in an
expansion plug (HKD).
Keying
Bonding
An adhesive bond is
produced between the
anchor rod and the hole
wall by a synthetic resin Bonding
adhesive, such as with
the HVU anchor.
19
Base Materials
Force-controlled and movement- In the case of expansion anchors, a distinction is made between
controlled expansion anchors force-controlled and movement-controlled types. The expansion
force of force-controlled expansion anchors is dependent on
the tensile force in the anchor (HSL-3 heavy-duty anchor). This
tensile force is produced, and thus controlled, when a tightening
torque is applied to expand the anchor.
Adhesive/resin anchor The synthetic resin of an adhesive anchor infiltrates into the
pores of the base material and, after it has hardened and cured,
achieves a local keying action in addition to the bond.
1. 2.
3. 3a. 4.
Causes of failure The weakest point in an anchor fastening determines the cause
of failure. Modes of failure, 1. break-out, 2. anchor pull-away
and, 3., 3a., failure of anchor parts, occur mostly when single anchors that
are a suitable distance from an edge or the next anchor, are subjected
to a pure tensile load. These causes of failure govern the max.
loading capacity of anchors. On the other hand, a small edge
distance causes mode of failure 4. edge breaking. The ultimate
loads are then smaller than those of the previously mentioned modes
of failure. The tensile strength of the fastening base material is
exceeded in the cases of break-out, edge breaking and splitting.
Combined load Basically, the same modes of failure take place under a combined
load. The mode of failure 1. break-out, becomes more seldom
as the angle between the direction of the applied load and the
anchor axis increases.
20
Base Materials
Crack plane
21
Base Materials
Pretensioning force in anchor bolts/rods The statements made above apply primarily to static loading
conditions. If the loading is dynamic, the clamping force and
pretensioning force in an anchor bolt /rod play a major role.
If a crack propagates in a reinforced concrete component
after an anchor has been set, it must be assumed that the
pretensioning force in the anchor will decrease and, as a result,
the clamping force from the fixture (part fastened) will be
reduced (lost). The properties of this fastening for dynamic
loading will then have deteriorated. To ensure that an anchor
fastening remains suitable for dynamic loading even after cracks
appear in the concrete, the clamping force and pretensioning
Loss of pretensioning force due to cracks force in the anchor must be upheld. Suitable measures to achieve
this can be sets of springs or similar devices.
22
Corrosion
2 Corrosion
Material recommendations to counteract corrosion
Initial/carcass construction
Structural fastening: Dry inside rooms, no condensation Zinc plated 5-10 microns
Brackets, columns, beams
Damp inside rooms with occasional Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
condensation due to high humidity min. 45 microns
and temperature fluctuations
Interior finishing
Drywalls, suspended ceilings, Dry inside rooms, no condensation Zinc plated 5-10 microns
windows, doors, railings / fences,
elevators, fire escapes
Facades / roofing
Profiled metal sheets, curtain Rural atmosphere Inside Zinc plated 5-10 microns
wall cladding, insulation (without emissions) application
fastenings, facade support
framing Outside Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
application min. 45 microns
Insulating Hilti-HCR
materials
23
Corrosion
Installations
Conduit installation, cable runs, Dry inside rooms, no condensation Zinc plated 5-10 microns
air ducts
Damp inside rooms, poorly Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
Electrical systems: ventilated rooms, cellar / basement min. 45 microns
Runs, lighting, aerials shafts, occasional condensation due
to high humidity and temperature
Industrial equipment: fluctuations
Crane rails, barriers, conveyors,
machine fastening Frequent and long-lasting A4 (316) steels, possibly hot-dipped
condensation (greenhouses), non- galvanised
enclosed inside rooms or open
sheds / buildings
Conduit installation, cable runs, Directly weathered (chlorides are Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
traffic signs, noise-insulating regularly washed off) min. 45 microns, A4 (316) steels,
walls, crash barriers / guard rails, Duplex steel or austenitic steel with
connecting structures approx. 4-5% Mo
Tunnel construction
Tunnel foils / sheeting, Secondary relevance for safety Duplex steel, poss. A4 (316) steels
reinforcing mesh, traffic signs,
lighting, tunnel wall cladding / Highly relevant to safety Hilti-HCR
lining, air ducts, ceiling
suspensions, etc.
Conduit installation, cable runs, Dry inside rooms Zinc plated 5-10 microns
connecting structures, lighting
Corrosive inside rooms, e.g. A4 (316) steels, Hilti-HCR
fastenings in laboratories,
galvanising / plating plants etc., very
corrosive vapours
Power plants
Fastenings relevant to safety Dry inside rooms Zinc plated 5-10 microns
24
Corrosion
Conduit installation, cable runs, In the atmosphere, high humidity, Hot-dipped galvanised/sherardized
connecting structures etc. sewage / digester gases etc. min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels
Fastening of, for ex ample, guard Large amounts of chlorides (road Hilti-HCR
rails, handrails, balustrades salt) carried in by vehicles, many wet
and dry cycles
Fastening of, for ex ample, seats, In rural atmosphere Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
handrails, fences min. 45 microns
25
Dynamic Design for Anchors
Actions
Common engineering design usually focuses around static loads. This chapter is intended to point out those
cases, where static simplification may cause severe misjudgement and usually under-design of important struc-
tures.
Typical Dynamic Actions Dynamic actions can generally be classified into 3 different groups:
Fatigue loads
Seismic loads
Shock loads
Examples for Fatigue Loads Two main groups of fatigue type loading can be identified:
Vibration type loading of fasteners with very high recurrence and usu-
ally low amplitude (e.g. ventilators, production machinery, etc.).
Repeated loading and unloading of structures with high loads and fre-
quent recurrence (cranes, elevators, robots, etc.).
Actions relevant to fatigue Actions causing fatigue have a large number of load cycles which pro-
duce changes in stress in the affected fastening. These stresses result in
a decrease in strength, which is all the greater the larger the change in
stress and the larger the number of load cycles are (fatigue). When
evaluating actions causing fatigue, not only the type of action, but also
the planned or anticipated fastening life expectancy is of major impor-
tance.
Examples for Seismic Loads Generally, all fastenings in structures situated in seismically active areas can
be subject to seismic loading. However, due to cost considerations, usually
only critical fastenings whose failure would result in loss of human life or sig-
nificant weakening of the overall structure are designed for seismic loads.
26
Dynamic Design for Anchors
Examples of Shock Loading Shock loads are mostly unusual loading situations, even though some-
times they are the only loading case a structure is designed for (e.g.
crash barriers, protection nets, ship or aeroplane impacts and falling
rocks, avalanches and explosions, etc.).
Shock Shock-like phenomena have generally a very short duration and tremen-
dously high forces which, however, generally only occur as individual
peaks. As the probability of such a phenomenon to occur during the life
expectancy of the building components concerned is comparably small,
plastic deformations of fasteners and structural members are usually
permitted.
27
Dynamic Design for Anchors
Material Behaviour
...under static loading The behaviour is described essentially by the strength (tensile and com-
pressive) and the elastic-plastic behaviour of the material. These proper-
ties are generally determined by carrying out simple tests with speci-
mens.
...under fatigue impact If a material is subjected to a sustained load that changes with respect to
time, it can fail after a certain number of load cycles even though the
upper limit of the load withstood up to this time is clearly lower than the
ultimate tensile strength under static loading. This loss of strength is re-
ferred to as material fatigue.
The grade and quality of steel has a considerable influence on the alter-
nating strength. In the case of structural and heat-treatable steels, the
final strength (i.e. after 2 million load cycles or more) is approx. 25-35%
of the static strength.
...under seismic or shock The material strength is not as much influenced as under fatigue impact.
impact Other factors, as inertia, cracks, etc. influence the behaviour much more.
28
Dynamic Design for Anchors
Anchor Behaviour
Fatigue When a large number of load cycles is involved, i.e. n>10 4, it is usually
the anchor in single fastenings that is critical (due to steel failure). The
concrete can only fail when an anchor is at a reduced anchorage depth
and subjected to tensile loading or an anchor is at a reduced distance
from an edge and exposed to shear loading.
Shock Load increase times in the range of milliseconds can be simulated during
tests on servo-hydraulic testing equipment. The following main effects can
then be observed:
deformation is greater when the breaking load is reached.
the energy absorbed by an anchor is also much higher.
breaking loads are of roughly the same magnitude during static load-
ing and shock-loading tests.
In this respect, more recent investigations show that the base material
(cracked or non-cracked concrete), has no direct effect on the load-
bearing behaviour.
Suitability under fatigue Both mechanical and chemical anchors are basically suitable for fasten-
loading ings subjected to fatigue loading. Hilti manufactures the HDA and HVZ
anchors of special grades of steel resistant to fatigue and has also sub-
jected them to suitable tests.
Suitability under seismic Where fastenings subjected to seismic loading are concerned, chemical
loading anchors take preference. There are, however, accompanying require-
ments to be met, such as behaviour in a fire. These restrictions can make
mechanical systems preferable.
Suitability under shock To date, mechanical anchor systems have been used primarily for appli-
loading cations in civil defence installations. More recently, adhesive systems
suitable for use in cracked concrete have been developed, e.g. the HVZ
anchor.
29
Dynamic Set for Shear Resistance Upgrade
row of load-bearing
edge of row of non load-bearing anchors
concrete
The second row of anchors can be activated only after a considerable slip of the anchoring plate. This
slip normally takes place after the edge failure of the outside row. The effect of the clearance hole gap
on the internal load distribution increases if the shear load direction changes during the service life. To
make anchors suitable for alternating shear loads, Hilti developed the so called Dynamic Set. This
consists of a special washer, which permits HIT injection adhesive to be dispensed into the clearance
hole, a spherical washer, a nut and a lock nut.
By using the dynamic set for static fastenings, the shear resistance is improved significantly. The
unfavourable situation that only one row of anchors takes up all loads no longer exists and the load is
distributed uniformly among all anchors. A series of experiments has verified this assumption. An
example from this test programme, double fastenings with HVZ M10 anchors with and without the
Dynamic Set are shown to compare resulting shear resistance and stiffness.
30
Dynamic Set for Shear Resistance Upgrade
injected
with Dynamic Set (extended Hilti method)
slotted hole
standard
without Dynamic Set (ETAG) clearance hole
member edge
The test results show clearly that according to the current practice the second row of anchors takes up the load
only after significant deformation of the plate, when the concrete edge has already failed. The injection and the
Dynamic Set resulted in a continuous load increase until the whole multiple fastening fails.
When carrying out a simple fastening design, it may be assumed if the Dynamic Set is used the overall load
bearing capacity of the multiple fastening is equal to the resistance of the first row of anchors multiplied by the
number of rows in the fastening. If injection with the Dynamic Set is used, the ETAG restrictions on more than 6
anchor fastenings can be overcome.
Example:
Resistance to concrete edge failure of a nine (3x3) anchor plate (no other edges, no eccentricity, member
thickness ok, loading direction towards the edge):
c1
s1 V
s2
A c,V
ETAG: VRk,c = VRk,
0
c
x
A 0c,V
A c, V
Hilti (extended Hilti CC Method using the Dynamic Set): V inject. = 3 x (V Rk,
0
c x
)
Rk, c
A 0c, V
Improvements with Dynamic Set:
Injection washer:
Fills clearance hole and thus guarantees that the
load is uniformly distributed among all anchors.
Spherical washer:
Reduces bending moment acting on anchor shaft
not set at right angles and thus increases the
tensile loading capacity.
Lock nut:
Prevents loosening of the nut and thus lifting of
the anchoring plate away from the concrete in
case of cyclic loading.
31
Fire
4 Resistance to fire
Tested fasteners for passive structural fire prevention C
1000
AU U. BRA
IVB fanstalt NDS
Tested according to the international
SS ialpr fr
r
standard temperature curve
CH as Ba
F. Amtliche Mat A
M
500
e
d
UTZ uwesen AUN
STOFFE,
0
SC
HW
1
UT
30 60 90 120 Min
EIG INSTIT
Tested when set in cracked concrete
and exposed to flames without insulating
or protective measures.
F
Anchor / fastener Size Max. loading (kN) for specified fire resistance Report from IBMB /
time (fire resistance time in minutes) Technical
university of
F30 F60 F90 F120 F180 Brunswick, no.
HDA M10 4.50 2.20 1.30 1.00 0.70 3039 / 8151
M12 10.00 3.50 1.80 1.20 1.00
M16 15.00 7.00 4.00 3.00 2.50
M20 25.00 9.00 7.00 5.00 3.70
HDA-F M10 4.50 2.20 1.30 1.00 0.70 3039 / 8151
M12 10.00 3.50 1.80 1.20 1.00
M16 15.00 7.00 4.00 3.00 2.50
HDA-R M10 20.00 9.00 4.00 2.00 1.00 3039 / 8151
(s/s) M12 30.00 12.00 5.00 3.00 2.10
M16 50.00 15.00 7.50 6.00 4.70
HSC-A M8x40, x50 1.50 3177 / 1722-1
M10x40 1.50
M12x60 3.50 2.00
HSC-I M8x40 1.50 3177 / 1722-1
M10x50, x60 2.50
M12x60 2.00
HSC-AR M8x40, x50 1.50 3177 / 1722-1
(s/s) M10x40 1.50
M12x60 3.50 3.00
HSC-IR M8x40 1.50 3177 / 1722-1
(s/s) M10x50, x60 2.50
M12x60 3.50 3.00
HSL-3 M8 3.00 1.10 0.60 0.40 3027 / 0274-5
M10 7.00 2.00 1.30 0.80
M12 10.00 3.50 2.00 1.20
M16 20.00 7.50 4.00 3.00
M20 34.60 14.00 7.00 5.00
M24 45.50 21.00 12.00 8.00
HSL-G-R M8 6.90 6.90 2.00 0.80 3027 / 0274-5
(s/s) M10 10.40 10.40 4.00 2.00
M12 15.00 15.00 6.00 3.00
M16 25.70 20.00 8.00 6.00
M20 34.60 30.00 20.00 10.00
The max. loading given here applies only if the fastening maintains proper functioning in a fire. In the case of planning and
design, approvals and directives / guidelines specific to country or technical data in the Hilti fastening technology manual are
decisive.
32
Fire
Anchor / fastener Size Max. loading (kN) for specified fire resistance Report from IBMB /
time (fire resistance time in minutes) Technical
university of
F30 F60 F90 F120 F180 Brunswick, no.
HSA M6 0.90 0.50 0.30 0.25 3049 / 8151
M8 1.50 0.80 0.50 0.40
M10 4.50 2.20 1.30 1.00
M12 10.00 3.50 1.80 1.20
M16 15.00 7.00 4.00 3.00
M20 25.00 9.00 7.00 5.00
HSA-R M6 2.60 1.30 0.80 0.60 3049 / 8151
(s/s) M8 6.00 3.00 1.80 1.20
M10 9.50 4.75 3.00 2.50
M12 14.00 7.00 4.00 3.00
M16 26.00 13.00 7.50 6.00
HKD-S M6 2.00 1.00 0.40 0.30 3027 / 0274-4
HKD-SR M8 3.00 1.10 0.60 0.40
(s/s) M10 5.00 2.00 1.30 0.80
M12 8.50 3.50 2.00 1.20
M16 11.50 7.50 4.00 3.00
HKD-E
M20 18.80 14.00 7.00 5.00
HUS-H 10.5 7.00 2.65 1.50 1.00 3950 / 7261
(concrete) 12.5 9.00 3.30 1.80 1.20
The max. loading given here applies only if the fastening maintains proper functioning in a fire. In the case of planning and
design, approvals and directives / guidelines specific to country or technical data in the Hilti fastening technology manual are
decisive.
33
Fire
Anchor / fastener Max. loading (kN) for specified fire resistance Report from IBMB /
time (fire resistance time in minutes) Technical
university of
F30 F60 F90 F120 F180 Brunswick, no.
The max. loading given here applies only if the fastening maintains proper functioning in a fire. In the case of planning and
design, approvals and directives / guidelines specific to country or technical data in the Hilti fastening technology manual are
decisive.
34
Fire
Anchor / fastener Size Max. loading (kN) for specified fire resistance Report from IBMB /
time (fire resistance time in minutes) Technical
university of
F30 F60 F90 F120 F180 Brunswick, no.
Hilti HIT-HY 150 + HAS-E M8 2.70 1.10 0.50 0.40 3027 / 0274-6
M10 3.60 1.90 1.00 0.60
M12 6.00 3.50 2.00 1.20
M16 7.00 5.00 3.20 2.00
M20 12.50 10.00 7.00 5.00
M24 16.00 12.50 10.00 8.00
Hilti HIT-HY 150 + HAS-ER M8 2.70 1.30 0.50 0.40 3027 / 0274-6
M10 3.60 1.90 1.00 0.60
M12 6.00 4.60 3.20 2.00
M16 7.00 5.00 3.20 2.00
M20 12.50 10.00 8.00 6.50
M24 16.00 12.50 10.00 8.50
Hilti HIT-HY 150 + Rebar Loads dependent on reinforcing bars and concrete coverage / 3162 / 6989
overlay 0.5 1.5 x Frec to F180 DIBt approval
Z-21.8 - 1648
The max. loading given here applies only if the fastening maintains proper functioning in a fire. In the case of planning and
design, approvals and directives / guidelines specific to country or technical data in the Hilti fastening technology manual are
decisive.
C
Tested fasteners for passive structural fire prevention
1200
AU U. BRA
IVB fanstalt NDS
Tested according to the german 800
SS ialpr fr
r
tunnel temperature curve
CH as Ba
F. Amtliche Mat A
M
e
d
UTZ uwesen AUN
STOFFE,
400
(ZTV-tunnel, part 1))
D. TU BR
0
BAU
SC 1
30 60 90 120 Min
HW UT
EIG INSTIT
Tested when set in cracked concrete
and exposed to flames without insulating
or protective measures.
F
Anchor / fastener Size Max. loading (kN) for specified Report from IBMB /
fire rating/integrity Technical
university of
Brunswick, no.
HVU+ M8 0.50 Additional report to
HAS-HCR M10 1.50 3245/ 1817-2
M12 1.50
M16 5.00
35
Anchor design
5 Anchor design
5.1 Safety concept
This Fastening Technology Manual uses two different safety concepts:
HDA, HSC, HSL-3, HST, HSA, HKD, HLC, IDP, IZ, IN, IDMS, IDMR, HRA, HRC, HRT, HWB
HHD-S, DBZ, HA 8, HUS, HRD, HPS-1, HUD-1,
HUD-L, HGN, HLD, HSP, HVZ, HVU, HVA-UW,
HIT-HY 150, HIT-HY 50, HIT-HY 20, HIT-ICE,
HIT-RE 500.
(1 k v ) (1 k v )
1) 1)
Rd design load
1
F R
d F
The safety concept, which uses the global safety factor, is being increasingly replaced by the partial safety factor
concept. One important feature of this partial safety factor concept is the strict separation of the
Partial safety factors for loads are intended to cover uncertainties and scatter where loads are concerned. Partial
safety factors for resistance covers uncertainties and the scatter pertaining to the resistance, i.e. the load bearing
capacity of the fastening.
1)
k, depends on the number of tests,
v, coefficient of variation.
36
Anchor design
The current international state of the art regarding the design of fastenings [1], the so called concrete
capacity method (CC-Method) was used as the basis for this product information. This design method was
simplified to retain as much as possible of the previous design method, while including as much of the
latest approach as possible.
How these features are used in the actual fastening design is shown on the following pages.
This Fastening Technology Manual also includes the Traditional Hilti Design Method, shown on page
47. This design method, which uses the global safety concept, is being increasingly replaced by the above
mentioned design methods (Hilti CC or ETAG CC) with the partial safety factor concept. The anchor for
which the Traditional Hilti Desgin Method can be used is: HSL-G-R
The anchors for light-duty (HLC, DBZ, HA8, HHD, HLD, HPS-1, HRD, HUD, HGN, HUS-S, HSP, IN, IDP,
IDMS, IDMR, IZ, HIT-HY 50, HIT-HY 20) as well as the anchors for special applications (HRC, HRT, HRA,
HWB) are used with the anchor fastening being designed, only on a very simple basis. The load values
are based on test results, made in mainly inhomogeneous base materials and under special conditions.
[1] Comit Euro-International du Bton, Design of Fastenings in concrete: Design Guide - Parts 1 to 3,
Bulletin 233, Thomas Telford Publishing, January 1997.
37
Anchor design
Safety check:
NSd NRd
38
Anchor design
Shear resistance:
A distinction is made between two failure modes with this type (direction) of loading, namely concrete
edge failure, i.e. breaking away of the concrete component edge and the shear failure of the steel
element. The following chart shows the flow of required calculations:
Rec. load:
VRd = min { VRd,c ;VRd,s }
Safety check:
VSd VRd
39
Anchor design
Combined load:
If there are combinations of tensile and shear loads, i. e. loads under an angle with respect to the anchor
axis, the design check is given by:
F () FRd ()
N F
F = N 2 + V 2
V
= arctan
N V
Where
N = tensile component
V = shear component
N V
+ 1
N V
Rd Rd N
= 2.0 If N Rd and V Rd are governed by
steel failure
= 1.5 For all other failure modes
40
Anchor design
To allow a simple manual calculation with this handbook different factors in ETAG Annex C are combined
in one factor and some of the factors are not taken into account. Details for the statements below can be
found in the document Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete, Guideline for European Technical Approval
Annex C.
41
Anchor design
The factor ucr, N takes into account the different resistances for cracked and uncracked concrete. In this
manual these different values are given in separate tables. Therefore the ucr , N is not necessary.
In addition to the possible design according to different national and international approvals a new Hilti
design method SOFA (=Solutions for fastenings) is introduced. This method is different in several points
from the simplified method in this manual. Therefore the results can be different as well.
1. The above mentioned restrictions for eccentricity are not valid in SOFA.
2. SOFA allows all geometries for anchor plates and all anchor positions. This makes an
engineering judgement of the design necessary (especially for shear forces close to an edge).
The main assumption is the even load redistribution on all anchors.
3. If a bending moment is acting on the anchor plate the anchor forces are calculated in relation to
the bedding of the anchor plate on the concrete. This leads to different results as if the anchor
forces are calculated according to simplified measures. (E.g. rigid anchor plate).
4. For bonded anchors with a bigger embedment depth than standard the concrete resistance is
calculated as a combination of concrete cone failure and pull-out failure.
Both calculations, according to the manual and using the anchor program, lead to conservative results,
i.e. the results are on the safe side.
42
Anchor design
5.2.4 Anchor design according to the ultimate limit state design method (Hilti CC method)
Basic Load Data
The first page of the product data shows the results of an anchor calculation for a specific case, for example,
non-cracked concrete
concrete compressive strength, fc,cyl = 20 MPa
no edge or spacing influences.
For any other scenario, do not use the data as the basis for calculation.
The calculation method Detailed Desgin Method Hilti CC should be used.
The method calculates the resistance to pure tension and to pure shear, separately. The two results are finally
combined to determine the load capacity at angle
43
Anchor design
fAN =
44
Anchor design
45
Anchor design
COMBINED LOADS
N V
+ 1
N V
Rd Rd N
= 2.0 If N Rd and V Rd are governed by
steel failure
= 1.5 For all other failure modes
46
Anchor design
47
Specifying Hilti anchors
HAS-E Zinc plated threaded rod, standard length, with friction taper for easy setting
HAS-E-F Hot dipped galvanised threaded rod, standard length, with friction taper for
easy setting
HAS-E-R Stainless steel threaded rod, standard length, with friction taper for easy
setting
HDA-P Self undercutting, heavy duty mechanical anchor. "P" for in place fastening
HDA-T Self undercutting, heavy duty mechanical anchor. "T" for through fastening
HIS-N Zinc plated internally threaded anchor sleeve
HIS-RN Stainless steel internally threaded anchor sleeve
HIT-AN Threaded rod, specifically for use with HIT-HY20 in hollow base materials
HIT-HY SC Composite mesh sieve, specifically for use with HIT-HY20 in hollow base
materials
HIT-HY 150 Two component hybrid mortar injection anchor, for use in solid base materials
HIT-HY 20 Two component hybrid mortar injection anchor, for use in hollow base
materials
HIT-IG Internally threaded sleeve, specifically for use with HIT-HY20 in hollow base
materials
HIT-RE 500 High performance injection epoxy, ideal for rebar application
HKD-S Internally threaded drop-in anchor, zinc plated
HKD-SR Internally threaded drop-in anchor, stainless steel
HSA Hilti Stud Anchor, zinc plated
HSA-F Hilti Stud Anchor, hot dipped galvanised
HSA-R Hilti Stud Anchor, stainless steel
HSC-A Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. External
thread, zinc plated
HSC-AR Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. External
thread, stainless steel
HSC-I Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. Internal
thread, zinc plated
HSC-IR Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. Internal
thread, stainless steel
HSL-3 High tensile steel mechanical expansion anchor, for heavy duty fastenings
HSL-3-B High tensile steel mechanical expansion anchor, for heavy duty fastenings.
With Torque Indicator Cap
HUS-H Concrete screw anchor
HVU Hilti Vinyl Urethane chemical capsule
48
Specifying Hilti anchors
Specifying Hilti anchors
Chemical anchors
The following are examples of some typical specifications
HVU + HIS-N Hilti HVU M20 chemical N/A Hilti HVU M20 chemical
capsule with HIS-N M16 capsule with HIS-RN
sleeve (zinc plated). M16 sleeve (stainless steel).
Standard 170mm Standard 170mm
embedment. embedment
HIT-HY150 + HAS-E Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical
injection with HAS-E M16 injection with HAS-E-F M16 injection with HAS-E-R M16
rod (zinc plated). Standard rod (hot dipped galvanised). rod (stainless
125mm embedment Standard 125mm steel). Standard 125mm
embedment embedment
HIT-HY20 Hilti HIT-HY20 chemical Contact your local Hilti Contact your local Hilti
injection with HAS-E M12 Engineer Engineer
rod (zinc plated) using HIT-
HY SC composite sleeve.
Standard 85mm
embedment
49
Specifying Hilti anchors
Mechanical anchors
The following are examples of some typical specifications
HSC-A Hilti HSC-A M10x40 safety N/A Hilti HSC-AR M10x40 safety
anchor (zinc anchor (stainless steel)
plated)
HSC-I Hilti HSC-I M10x50 safety N/A Hilti HSC-IR M10x50 safety
anchor (zinc plated) anchor (stainless steel)
HSA Hilti HSA M16x140 stud Hilti HSA-F M16x140 stud Hilti HSA-R M16x140
anchor (zinc plated) anchor (hot dipped stud anchor (stainless steel)
galvanized)
50