6-8 Types of Collected Standard: 16 - 21 Qualities of The Strokes

1. PATCHING - retouching or going back over a defective portion of a written stroke.
Careful patching is
common defect on forgeries
2. FINAL The ending stroke on a letter when it is at the end of a word.
3. INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS - They are characteristics which are the result of the writer's muscular control,
coordination, age, health, and nervous temperament, frequency of writing, personality and character.
4. STANDARD - They are known writings, which indicate how a person writes.
5. SIGNATURE defined It is the name of a person written by him/her in a document as a sign of acknowledgement.
6-8 types of collected standard
6. Collected Standards are KNOWN (genuine) handwriting of an individual such as signature and endorsements on
canceled checks, legal papers letters, commercial, official, public and private document and other handwriting such
as letters, memoranda, etc. Written in the course of daily life, both business and socials.
7. Request standards are signature or other handwritings (or hand printings) written by an individual upon request
for the purpose of comparison with other handwriting or for specimen purposes.
8. Post Litem Motan Exemplars - writings produced by the subject after evidential writings have come into dispute and
solely for the purpose of establishing his contentions.
9. SAMPLE - A selected representative portion of the whole is known as a sample. In this text, the term "sample" follows
closely the statistical usage.
10-13Examples of common characteristics
10. Ordinary copy-book form

11. Usual systematic slant
12. Ordinary scale of proportion or ratio
13. Conventional spacing
14. Loose writing - this is characterized by too much freedom of movement and lack of regulation. This is noticed
especially in tall letters forms.
15. Writing Habits - Writing by all its thousand of peculiarities in combination is the most personal and individuals thing
that a man does that leaves a record which can be seen and studies. This is what constitutes individuality in
handwriting.
16 -21 QUALITIES OF THE STROKES
16. Expansion - whether the movement is extended or limited in its range with respect to both vertical
and horizontal dimension.
17. Co-ordination - whether the flow of movement is controlled or uncertain, smooth or jerky, continuous or interrupted.
18. Speed - whether the movement has been rapid or slow and whether the pace has been steady or variable.
19. Pressure- whether the pressure exerted in the movement and its upward and downward reach.
20. Direction- Left ward and right ward trend of they movement and its upward and downward reach.
21. Rhythm - in the sequence of movements that weave the total pattern, certain similar phases recur at more or less
regular intervals.
22. CACOGRAPHY - a bad writing.

23. HABITS - any repeated elements or details, which may serve to individualize writing.
24. Arcade - a rounded stroke shaped like an arch. It is a slow mode of connection resulting from controlled movements.
25. BOWL - a fully rounded oval or circular form on a letter complete into "O".
26. KNOB -the extra deposit of ink in the initial and terminal stroke due to the slow withdrawal of the pen from the paper
(usually applicable to fountain pen).
27. Expansion the quality of stroke whether the movement is extended or limited in its range with respect to both vertical
and horizontal dimension
28-35 what are the points to consider in examining extended writing
1. Uniformity- Does the questioned writing have smooth, rhythmic and free-flowing appearance?
2. Irregularities - Does the questioned writing appear awkward, ill-formed slowly drawn
3. Size & Proportion- Determine the height of the over-all writing as well as the height of the individual strokes in
proportion to each other.
4. Alignment - Are they horizontally aligned, or curving, uphill or downhill.
5. Spacing - Determine the general spacing between letters, spacing between words. Width of the left and right margins,
paragraph indentations.
6. Degree of Slant- Are they uniform or not.
7. Formation and Design of the letters, "t" (-) bars, "i" dots, loops, circle formation.
8. Initial, connecting and final strokes.

6-8 Types of Collected Standard: 16 - 21 Qualities of The Strokes

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1. PATCHING - retouching or going back over a defective portion of a written stroke.

6-8 types of collected standard

10-13Examples of common characteristics

10. Ordinary copy-book form

16 -21 QUALITIES OF THE STROKES

22. CACOGRAPHY - a bad writing.

28-35 what are the points to consider in examining extended writing

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