120 Ds Standardcompliantcomponentsfrphotovoltaicapplications en 2945 201701171054541374
120 Ds Standardcompliantcomponentsfrphotovoltaicapplications en 2945 201701171054541374
120 Ds Standardcompliantcomponentsfrphotovoltaicapplications en 2945 201701171054541374
Standard-compliant components
for photovoltaic systems
Safe and cost-efficient construction and operation
Contents
Perspectives on the supply of energy
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
12
A comprehensive portfolio
for the greatest possible operating safety
15
23
Standard-compliant
and safe
Whether dealing with a lightning strike,
return current, overload, or just maintenance
work, the comprehensive and coordinated
spectrum of SENTRON protection, switching,
measuring, and monitoring devices offers
all the components necessary for safe
construction and operation of a photovoltaic
system from a single source from DC
overvoltage protection to universal currentsensitive RCCBs.
Highlights
Photovoltaic systems are
becoming increasingly important in the global energy mix
Guaranteed infeed tariffs
increase the profitability of
PVsystems
Many standards regulate
thesafe construction of
PVsystems
SENTRON protection, switching, measuring, and monitoring devices guarantee standard-compliant construction
and operation of a PV system
Photovoltaic application
areas
Highlights
Autonomous power supply
through off-grid systems
Grid-compliant energy infeed
with on-grid systems
A broad range of applications
with power spans up to the
megawatt range
System types
The market for PV systems is broken down
into off-grid (<1kW) and on-grid systems.
For on-grid systems, a differentiation is
made between residential (110kW) and
commercial (10500kW) systems as well
as power plants (>500kW).
Off-grid systems
Systems are off-grid when they have no
connection to the public power grid; they
are usually the sole power supply for
stand-alone systems. In order to be able
to make power available on a continuous
basis, the power must be stored e.g. in
an accumulator. An example of an accumulator-buffered stand-alone system is a
pay-and-display parking ticket vending
machine. The PV generator must be
dimensioned so that during the productive phase, that is, when there is direct
sunlight, the electrical loads can be supplied and the batteries can be charged at
the same time.
On-grid systems
In the case of on-grid systems, the power
is fed into the public electricity grid. The
DC voltage generated by the PV modules
first needs to be converted into AC voltage by an inverter.
The main components of an on-grid system include the PV generator, which converts the light into electrical power (DC
power). The heart of the system is the
inverter. It provides not just the conversion of the DC voltage into AC voltage,
but also controls the entire PV system.
The export meter is used to measure the
amount of electricity fed into the public
power grid in kWh.
PV system types
Off-grid
< 1 kW
- Street signs
- Pay-and-display parking ticket
vending machines
On-grid
Residential
Commercial
Power plant
1 10 kW
10 500 kW
> 500 kW
Roof-mounted systems of
- Residential buildings
- Garages
Roof-mounted systems of
- Industrial buildings
- Schools
- Barns
- Shopping centers
- Open areas
Functional principle
The term photovoltaic describes the
direct conversion of radiant energy such
as solar energy into electrical power. The
conversion takes place using PV cells in
PV systems. The electricity generated can
be used on-site, stored in accumulator
batteries, or fed into the power grid.
Highlights
PV systems convert unlimited
solar energy into electrical
power
A comprehensive portfolio
includes SENTRON protection
devices for all PV module types
The SENTRON portfolio enables
safe operation even for high
DC voltages up to 1,000 V
Front contact
(negative)
field is established
4 Incident photon
Electrical
circuit
3
3
1
2
1
Return current
Short circuit
to ground
RCCB
type B
DC residual
current
Highlights
Type B and B+ universal
current-sensitive RCCBs offer
optimal protection in case of
smooth DC residual currents
Type B+ offers advanced
preventative protection against
fire
MCBs provide reliable
protection for the supply cables
Remote DC isolation
In case of fire, a PV system represents a
special hazard. Even after the inverter is
isolated, the full generator voltage (up to
1,000 V DC) is present on the PV modules
and cables.
Highlights
Increased system availability
and selective decentralized
isolation of the PV strings or
PV generators
Greater safety in case of fire
through remote isolation of
the DC cable between the PV
modules and inverters
Light
2
Inverter
1
U<
3
MCB
RCCB
AC overvoltage protection
kWh
Consumption meter
Main miniature
circuit breaker
1 PV fuse
10
Main miniature
circuit breaker
2 DC isolator
3 DC overvoltage protection
iph
Power
source 1
id
String fuse
Module 1
Bypass
diode
(antiparallel)
Power
source n
Module 2
In case of conductive
defective bypass diodes:
The module is shortcircuited and the voltage
in the affected string is
reduced. The total current
of the other strings can
ignite the PV module. For
this reason a string fuse is
urgently recommended
with three or more
parallel strings.
Module n
11
Data cable
2
16
13
Measurement
=
~
65
12
Main circuit
Control circuit
10
17
11
RCM
USV
3
1
12
Wh
=
14
15
Consumer
12
15 9 10
Wh
12
14
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
For multi-inverter systems with a twostage design, several strings are each
connected to an inverter. On the AC side,
the current of several inverters is
consolidated into an AC collector box (first
stage). The current of the individual
collector boxes is combined in another AC
collector box (second stage) and
ultimately fed into the grid.
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
=
~
8
12
11
6
Legend:
1
5TE2 DC isolator
13
Central section switch according to VDE AR-N 4105 (systems up to 100 kVA)
10
11
18
Grid and
system
protection
18
Wh
Central section switch according to VDE AR-N 4105 (systems over 100 kVA)
7
Grid and
system
protection
Wh
Legend:
1 5TE2 DC isolator
14
1 5TE2 DC isolator
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15
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16
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17
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Standards: D
IN EN 60898-1 (VDE 0641-11); DIN EN 60947-2 (VDE 0660-101)
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18
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19
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Fast switching in case of residual currents for special protection of human lives and assets
Protection in case of direct touching (additional protection) with In 30 mA
Protection in case of indirect touching (leakage protection) also with In > 30 mA
Protection from electrically ignited fires with In 300 mA
Universal current-sensitive residual current circuit breaker (type B, B+) with an additional
transformer for safe detection of smooth DC residual currents that go through the inverter
to the AC side
Intended protective function ensured for all residual current types
Adjusted release characteristic of type B for increased operating safety
Advanced preventative protection against fire with type B+
Reduced wiring and installation expense when residual current circuit breakers with
integral overcurrent protection are used
Standards: D
IN EN 61008-1 (VDE 0664-10); DIN EN 61008-2-1 (VDE 0664-11);
DIN EN 62423 (VDE 06641-40)
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Standards: D
IN EN 50470-1 (VDE 0418-0-1); DIN 50470-3 (VDE0418-0-3);
DIN EN 62053-23 (VDE 0418-3-23); DIN EN 62053-31 (VDE 0418-3-31)
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--
Used in the inverter for measurement of current, voltage, output, power quality, etc.
Display and monitoring of electrical measured values within the output circuit of the
inverter, allowing the quality of the power fed into the grid of the power companies to be
detected, along with critical measured values that indicate failures or overloads
Communication capability ranging from PROFIBUS and PROFINET to Modbus RTU and
Ethernet with Modbus TCP
Standards: D
IN EN 61557-12 (VDE 0413-12); DIN EN 62053-31 (VDE 0418-3-31);
measurement precision for energy according to DIN EN 62053
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The featured products only represent an extract from the complete catalogs.
Please find further information and more products for different demands
inthe following catalogs:
- LV 11 2012
- LV 10.1 2012
- LV 10.2 2012
- IC 10.
22
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23
Siemens AG
Infrastructure & Cities Sector
Low and Medium Voltage Division
Low Voltage
P.O. Box 10 09 53
93009 Regensburg
Germany
Order no. E10003-E38-2B-E0020-7600
Dispatch office 25600 0412 3.0
Printed in Germany
Subject to change.
The information provided in this brochure contains
descriptions or characteristics of performance which in
case of actual use do not always apply as described or
which may change as a result of further development
of the products. An obligation to provide the respective
characteristics shall only exist if expressly agreed in the
terms of contract.
www.siemens.com/lowvoltage/photovoltaic