Day1 Session1
Day1 Session1
Day1 Session1
Evolution of
communication technology
from 2G to 4G LTE
ITU ASP COE Training on Technology,
Standardization and Deployment of Long
Term Evolution (IMT)
Sami TABBANE
Agenda
1.
4G Motivations
2.
Evolution 3G-4G
3.
Evolution R99-R10
4.
Performance Objectives
5.
6.
7.
8.
LTE/SAE Motivation
2
LTE/SAE
1. 4G motivations
Introduction
Geneva, 18 January 2012 Specifications for nextgeneration mobile technologies IMT-Advanced agreed
at the ITU Radiocommunications Assembly in Geneva.
ITU determined that "LTE-Advanced" and "WirelessMANAdvanced" should be accorded the official designation of
IMT-Advanced:
Wireless MAN-Advanced: Mobile WiMax 2, or IEEE
802. 16m;
3GPP LTE Advanced: LTE Release 10, supporting both
paired Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and unpaired
Time Division Duplex (TDD) spectrum.
LTE/SAE
2. Evolution 3G-4G
Standardization bodies
standardization
3GPP2: North-American
(CDMA family),
body
(GSM
standardization
body
IMT-2000
2009/2010
2007/2008
2011/2012
EDGEevo
VAMOS
Double Speech
Capacity
2013/2014
UMTS
HSDPA, 5 MHz
HSPA+, R7
HSPA+, R8
HSPA+, R9
HSPA+, R10
DL: 84 Mbps
UL: 23 Mbps
DL: 84 Mbps
UL: 23 Mbps
HSPA, 5 MHz
DL: 14.4 Mbps
UL: 5.76 Mbps
cdma
2000
1xEV-DO, Rev. 0
1.25 MHz
1xEV-DO, Rev. A
1.25 MHz
1xEV-DO, Rev. B
5.0 MHz
LTE-Advanced R10
DO-Advanced
DL: 32 Mbps and beyond
UL: 12.4 Mbps and beyond
Fixed WiMAX
scalable bandwidth
Advanced Mobile
WiMAX, 802.16m
1.25 28 MHz
typical up to 15 Mbps
10
LTE/SAE
3. Evolution R9 R10
11
What is 3GPP?
12
13
3GPP evolution
3GPP evolution
2G: GSM, Mainly voice
2.5G/2.75G: Add Packet Services: GPRS, EDGE
3G: Added 3G Air Interface with UMTS
3G Architecture:
Support of 2G/2.5G and 3G Access
Handover between GSM and UMTS technologies
3G Extensions:
HSDPA/HSUPA
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
Inter-working with WLAN (I-WLAN)
Beyond 3G:
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
Mobility towards WLAN and non-3GPP air interfaces
14
ITU Recommendations
Partners
Organisational PartnersOP
ITU
Existing process
Member
companies
Technical proposals and
contributions
Local specifications
Technical
specifications
Release 4
First steps towards IP-based
operation
Also defines the low chip rate
TDD mode (TD-SCDMA)
Release 5
IMS - IP-based Multimedia
Services
HSDPA - High Speed Downlink
Packet Access
Release 6
2nd phase of IMS
High Speed Uplink
Release 7
Enhanced uplink
Other spectrum
Multiple input multiple output
antennas (MIMO)
Release 8
Long Term Evolution (LTE) and
System Architecture Evolution
(SAE)
Release 9
Enhancement of Release 8
features
Refinement of LTE
Preliminary studies into LTE
Advanced
Release 10
LTE Advanced
16
LTE/SAE
4. Performance Objectives
17
18
Latency definitions
19
Mobility
Low mobility (0-15km/h) and high speeds
Latency:
user plane < 5ms
Control plane < 50 ms
LTE MIMO
2x2
LTE MIMO
4x4
20
21
Transmission Time is the sum of Radio Transmission and Core Network Delays.
In theory: the radio ping time is in the best cases equal to 4ms (without HARQ) and 20 ms in normal
operation
Delay Component
Delay Value
2 ms
Retransmissions 10%
Uplink Request
4ms
UE Delay Estimated
4ms
4ms
Core Network
1ms
13.6ms
20.1ms
Core
20
eNodeB
UE
Uplink Scheduling
Grant
10
Uplink Scheduling
Request
Retransmissions
Measured in practice: 30 40 ms
Buffereing Time
Transmission Time
0
LTE Round Trip Time
22
32-Byte ping
Static Position
NC
MC
CE
13.4
13.4
14.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
13.4
22.4
16
14
15
14
14
16
NC
MC
CE
31.4
12.4
12.4
13.4
14.4
14.4
24.4
14.5
14.5
23.5
23.5
Min
MC
CE
19
107
23
28
126
28
19
249
23
29
171
35
1400-Byte ping
Static Position
Mobility 30 Km/h
Average Calculated over 5
runs
23
24
LTE/SAE
25
RNC
v Original
IP packets
HC
Ciphering
HC
eNodeB
Ciphering
Outer ARQ
HCed and
ciphered IP
packets
NodeB
Outer ARQ
HARQ
UMTS (HSDPA)
HARQ
LTE
26
Key Features
Key Features
28
29
Spectrum efficiency
DL: 3-4 times HSDPA for MIMO (2,2)
UL: 2-3 times HSUPA for MIMO(1,2)
Latency
Capacity
200 users for 5MHz, 400 users in larger spectrum allocations (active state)
Mobility
LTE is optimized for speeds 0-15km/h up to 350km/h
30
LTE/SAE
31
MME
32
33
35
36
LTE/SAE
37
39
40
4G (LTE-Advanced)
Backward compatible with LTE. 3GPP Release 10.
326 Mbps with 44 MIMO and 172 Mbps with 22 MIMO 40 times faster than 3G commercial networks with
in 20 MHz spectrum.
8x8 in DL and 4x4 in the UL.
a) Same as LTE requirement. b) Optimized for
deployment in local areas/micro cell environments.
Coverage
Mobility
Mobile speeds up to 350km/h (or 500km/h depending on Same as that in LTE, System performance
the frequency band).
enhanced for 0 to 10km/h.
Transmission
bandwidth
Peak data rate
Latency
Peak spectrum
efficiency
Capacity
Scalable BW
42
LTE/SAE
8. LTE/SAE motivations
43
The next step in the evolution of 3GPP radio interfaces to deliver Global Mobile
Broadband
Standardization
clearly defined:
performance targets
economic targets
improved radio spectrum
efficiency
simplified system design
LTE Motivations
Limits of 3G/3G+
Very High Speed limit (> 100 Mbit/s per cell) cannot be reached;
Bandwidth limits (5 Mhz for HSPA and 2x 5Mhz for HSPA+);
Impossible to reach 1Gbit/s per cell for HD Video Service.
Radio Management Complexity
Many terminal radio resource allocation possibilities: DCH, FACH, PCH, HSDPA,
3G technologies evolution (HSDPA, HSUPA, CPC, Dual Carrier)
Cell Management Complexity.
Radio processing functions shared between RNC and NB;
Terminal Complexity (power control, performance, );
Reasons why 4G is needed
Meet consumers needs which are no longer supported by 3G technologies.
Increase transmission rates Needs (@: doubling every 18 months)
Network capacity optimization "requires adaptation to the IP services flow
45
LTE motivations
46
47
48
Mobile video
+50% of the
mobile
traffic and
+70% in
some
networks
(85% of
Voda
Germany
LTE traffic in
09/2012)
66% of the mobile data traffic in 2017
49
SOURCE CTOIC
50
51
52
Video and HD (3-5 Mb/s) and 3D (> 9 Mb/s) TV will explode the
needs in bandwidth and traffic volumes on the networks.
53
53
54
54
Technologies evolution
55
55
Wideband technologies
FO
56
56
58
10.8
10
6.9
8
6
4.2
4
2
2.4
0.6
1.3
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source: CISCO Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobil Data Traffic Forecast 2011 to 2016
59
LTE motivations
60
LTE motivations
New products/services
Revenue growth
LTE motivations
Transport network
MSC
BSC
ISP internet
connection
BTS
Hub
Core
Backbone network
Access network
m*E1
n*E1
MGW
E1
BTS
Backhaul
30%
20%
50%
10%
45%
45%
62
LTE motivations
$
COST
Revenue
Traffic
63
64
64
65
Added
value and
revenues
Services
Layer
Control
Layer
Transport
Layer
Access
Layer
66
Source: KPN
Overall margin (EBITDA) mix evolve: telecom operators have traditionally enjoyed
margins of 40% to 50% in fixed voice dans data with margins as high as 70% for SMS
68
69
70
LTE motivations
Lower production cost per bit
Cost per Mbyte
Network cost
LTE
3G
HSPA HSPA+
LTE
Source: NSN
HSPA+
HSPA
Basic
3G
= Resulting network cost
Traffic load
4G offers to
reduce the cost
of delivering data
by
75%
compared
to
traditional
designs
71
LTE motivations
100
90
96
80
70
60
50
45
40
32
28
30
21
20
10
4,5
1
0
Plain GSM
Year 1995
(10 MHz)
GSM/EDGE
Year 2010
(10 MHz)
3G Rel.99
(15MHz)
Turbo-3G
(HSPA)
(15MHz)
Turbo-3G
(HSPA+)
(15 MHz)
LTE 800
(5 MHz)
LTE 1800
(10 MHz)
LTE 2600
(20 MHz)
Disclaimer: Values should be taken as indicative. Performance will vary greatly with deployed solution,
surrounding environment, terminal penetration and size of frequency spectrum. HSPA assumes 14,4 Mbps
version. HSPA+ assumes 64QAM feature, not MIMO or Dual Carrier.
Source: CONTEST, Telenor.
72
Architecture (flat)
Frequencies (flexibility)
Bitrates (higher)
Latencies (lower)
Cooperation with other technologies (all 3GPP and non3GPP)
Network sharing (part or full)
Full-IP (QoS issues, protocols integration, lower costs)
OFDMA
Broadcast services
Intelligent radio schemes
74
Thank you
75