WGU C451GNC21NC1 Integrated Natural Sciences Module 1-10
WGU C451GNC21NC1 Integrated Natural Sciences Module 1-10
WGU C451GNC21NC1 Integrated Natural Sciences Module 1-10
WGU
C451/GNC2/1NC
Integrated Natural
Sciences Module 110
2.
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3.
720 ITEMS
102.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or both
103.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or both
104.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or both
105.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or Can ATTRACT and
REPELL
106.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or identifying whether each of
the following characteristics applies to electricity,
magnets, or both:
Is a flow of charges measured by current
107.
identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Always has a north and a south pole
108.
identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Resistance measured in ohms
109.
identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Indicated with a compass
110.
identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Opposites attract
111.identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Produced by charged particles that are spinning in
the same direction but are not flowing from one
atom to another
112.
113.
114.
115.
Describe what the equation F = ma means
and how it relates to Newton's Second Law.
116.
Define wave.
117.
Explain the difference between a
transverse wave and a longitudinal wave, and give
examples of each.
118.
wavelength
119.
frequency
120.
amplitude
121.
reflection
122.
refraction
123.
diffraction
124.
Interference
125.
CONSTRUCTIVE
126.
DESTRUCTIVE
127.
What happens when the wavelength
changes in light
128.
129.
What happens when the wavelength
changes in sound
130.
What happens when the frequency changes in light
131.
What happens when the frequency
changes
132.
What happens when the amplitude
changes in light
133.
What happens when the amplitude
changes
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
List the types of electromagnetic waves
that are located on the electromagnetic spectrum.
148.
Explain how electromagnetic waves are
similar and different.
149.
Rays
150.
151.
common practical applications for
Ultraviolet
152.
Light
153.
154.
common practical applications for
Microwaves
155.
common practical applications for Radio
Waves
156.
Gamma Rays Wavelength
157.
158.
Gamma Rays Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
159.
160.
X-ray Wavelength
161.
X-ray Frequency
162.
X-ray Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7 being
highest)
163.
164.
Ultraviolet Wavelength
165.
Ultraviolet Frequency
166.
Ultraviolet Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
167.
168.
169.
170.
Visible Light Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
171.
172.
Infrared Wavelength
173.
Infrared Frequency
174.
Infrared Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7 being
highest)
175.
176.
Microwaves Wavelength
177.
Microwaves Frequency
178.
Microwaves Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
179.
180.
181.
182.
Radio Waves Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
183.
184.
Different Parts of the Electromagnetic
Spectrum
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
Identify which methods you can use to
remember the order of the types of waves on the
electromagnetic spectrum.
192.
Explain how you can remember which are
on the high energy/high frequency/short
wavelength end and which are on the low
energy/low frequency/long wavelength end.
193.
Identify which methods you can use to
remember the order of the types of waves on the
electromagnetic spectrum.
194.
Explain how you can remember which are
on the high energy/high frequency/short
wavelength end and which are on the low
energy/low frequency/long wavelength end.
195.
196.
Explain how electrical force affects protons
in the nucleus of an atom
197.
Define strong nuclear force and explain
what role it plays in the nucleus of an atom.
198.
Explain what makes an atom radioactive.
Describe how the strengths of the strong nuclear
force and the electric force relate to whether an
atom is radioactive.
199.
Does electrical force affect protons,
neutrons, or both?
200.
Does strong nuclear force affect protons,
neutrons, or both?
201.
In electrical force Does it make the nucleus
tend to split apart or tend to stay together?
202.
In strong nuclear force Does it make the
nucleus tend to split apart or tend to stay together?
203.
How is electrical force affected by
increased distance between nucleons?
204.
How is strong nuclear force affected by
increased distance between nucleons?
205.
As the size of the atom increases (greater
number of protons), which force has a greater
increase in strength?
206.
Explain where radiation comes from
207.
Explain what each of the letters in E = mc2
stand for.
208.
Describe what happens during nuclear
fission. Provide some examples of where fission
would occur.
209.
Describe what happens during nuclear
fusion. Provide some examples of where fusion
would occur.
210.
Explain how the mass per nucleon
changes in nuclear fusion. Describe how the
change in mass per nucleon relates to the equation
E = mc2.
211.
Describe how fusion and fission are similar
and how they are different.
212.
Give examples of atoms that will likely
undergo fusion and describe the circumstances
that would allow these nuclear reactions to occur.
213.
Give examples of atoms that will likely
undergo fission and describe the circumstances
that would allow these nuclear reactions to occur.
214.
Define thermonuclear fusion and discuss
where it occurs.
215.
Explain the general chemical composition
of stars.
216.
Explain how stars can differ in brightness
and color.
217.
Explain the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R)
diagram.
218.
Describe what information about a star is
used to categorize them on the H-R diagram.
White dwarves
219.
Make a sketch of the H-R diagram, labeling
the basic groups of stars that it identifies (main
sequence stars, red giants, super giants, white
dwarfs). Indicate where the sun is located on this
diagram.
220.
Identify when the thermonuclear fusion
reaction starts in the life cycle of a star.
221.
Describe the specific atoms involved in
fusion in stars. What is the difference between a
hydrogen-burning star and a helium-burning star?
222.
223.
Describe the life cycle of a star more
massive than our sun.
224.
Explain what determines what a star will
become at the end of its life.
225.
main sequence
226.
red giant
227.
supergiant
228.
white dwarf
229.
neutron star
230.
List and describe the components of the
solar system, in order, from the sun to the Oort
cloud
231.
Compare and contrast terrestrial and
Jovian planets.
232.
Describe how planets rotate. What
exceptions are there to the pattern most planets
follow
233.
Compare and contrast terrestrial and
Jovian planets.
234.
235.
236.
237.
Sun?
238.
Sun?
239.
Sun?
240.
Sun?
241.
Sun?
242.
Sun?
243.
Sun?
244.
Sun?
245.
Sun?
246.
Mercury is the ________ planet in the solar
system; it is similar to the size of _________ moon
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
Largest Planet; Composed of most H and
He; solid core surrounded by liquid He' topped by
atmosphere; Strong Magnetic Field
253.
Lowest Density; Extensive Ring system
made of frozen rocks
254.
Axis is tilted almost perpendicular to plane
of rotation around sun; Faint ring system; 2% of
composition is methane which gives it its blue color
255.
256.
Enough atmosphere to keep right amount
of heat in
257.
258.
66 Known moons; including 4 that are
bigger than our moon
259.
62 known moons (Titan is bigger than
Mercury)
260.
27 Known moons
261.
1.5% of its composition is methane which
gives it its blue color
262.
Smaller than Earth's moon; Made of rock
and nitrogen ice; Highly elliptical and tilted orbit
263.
1 large moon- Charon; several smaller
moons
264.
Define cosmology.
265.
266.
267.
How does Doppler red shift support the Big
Bang Theory
268.
How does Hubble's law support the Big
Bang Theory
269.
How does cosmic background radiation
support the Big Bang Theory
270.
How does element abundance support the
Big Bang Theory
271.
Describe the difference between a pure
substance and a mixture.
272.
273.
274.
Examples of Mixtures
275.
Differentiate between a heterogeneous and
homogeneous mixture
276.
examples of heterogeneous mixtures
277.
278.
Define solution in science and provide
several examples
279.
Describe how adding heat to a substance
affects the motion and arrangement of the particles.
280.
Describe how removing heat from a
substance affects the motion and arrangement of
the particles.
281.
Explain what happens to the arrangement
of water molecules when it melts
282.
Explain what happens to the arrangement
of water molecules when it freezes
283.
Define elements.
284.
Location of a Proton
285.
286.
Location of a Neutron
Location of an Electron
287.
Charge of a Proton
288.
Charge of a Neutron
289.
Charge of an Electron
290.
291.
What is the difference between atomic
number and mass number of an atom?
292.
Explain how you can determine the overall
charge of an atom if you know the number of
protons and the number of electrons?
293.
Explain what must be true of the number of
protons and electrons in an electrically neutral
atom.
294.
295.
296.
How are the isotopes of an element
different from one another?
297.
How do the chemical and physical
properties of isotopes of the same element
compare?
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
How can you determine the number of
neutrons in an isotope if you know the atomic
number?
307.
How does an atom of carbon-14 (14C)
differ from an atom of carbon-12 (12C)?
308.
309.
310.
Give some examples of how the properties
of metals allow them to be used for a variety of
purposes.
311.
312.
313.
Alkali metals Gain or lose electrons? How
many?
314.
315.
316.
317.
Alkaline earth metals Number of Valence
electrons
318.
Alkaline earth metals Gain or lose
electrons? How many?
319.
Characteristic Properties of Alkaline earth
metals
320.
321.
322.
323.
Chalcogens Gain or lose electrons? How
many?
324.
325.
Examples of Chalcogens
326.
327.
328.
Halogens Gain or lose electrons? How
many?
329.
330.
Examples of Halogens
331.
332.
333.
Noble gases Gain or lose electrons? How
many?
334.
335.
336.
Differentiate between an element and a
compound.
337.
Define ion.
338.
Describe the changes that occur to the ion
when an atom loses an election as well as when it
gains an election.
339.
Explain what happens to valence electrons
when an ionic bond forms.
340.
Explain how you can use the periodic table
to identify elements that will form an ionic bond with
each other.
341.
Explain what happens to valence electrons
when a covalent bond forms.
342.
Explain how you can use the periodic table
to identify elements that will form a covalent bonds
with each other.
343.
344.
Explain what happens to valence electrons
in a metallic bond.
345.
Explain how you can use the periodic table
to identify elements that will form metallic bonds
with each other.
346.
Explain why metals are conductors while
nonmetals are insulators.
347.
Define mineral.
348.
Silicate Minerals
349.
Non-Silicate Minerals
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
What are the 2 main categories of
Sedimentary Rocks
355.
What are the 2 main categories of Igneous
Rocks
356.
What are the 2 main categories of
Metamorphic Rocks
357.
358.
359.
360.
Categorize granite
361.
Categorize conglomerate
362.
Categorize gneiss
363.
Categorize limestone
364.
Categorize dolomite
365.
Categorize basalt
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.
372.
373.
374.
375.
376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
387.
388.
389.
Explain how seismic P-waves are different
from seismic S-waves.
390.
Explain how the behavior of S-waves tells
us that Earth's mantle is solid. Explain how the
behavior of S-waves tells us that Earth's outer core
is liquid.
391.
Identify where the Earth's magnetic field
comes from.
392.
Explain your answer in terms of the
composition of the outer core.
393.
394.
winds
395.
Cells
396.
Describe the theory of plate tectonics and
the evidence that supports this theory.
397.
Explain how the discovery of seafloor
spreading contributed to our understanding of plate
tectonics.
398.
Describe the theory of continental drift.
Include what information Wegener was lacking
when he created his hypothesis.
399.
Explain the movement and processes
associated with Divergent Boundary
400.
Explain the movement and processes
associated with Convergent Boundary
401.
Explain the movement and processes
associated with Transform Boundary
402.
land forms that develop as a result of
Divergent Boundary
403.
land forms that develop as a result of
Convergent Boundary
404.
land forms that develop as a result of
Transform Boundary
405.
Locations Divergent Boundaries can be
found on Earth
406.
Locations Convergent Boundaries can be
found on Earth
407.
Locations Transform Boundaries can be
found on Earth
408.
409.
Describe the role of convection currents in
plate tectonics
410.
Movement of Oceanic-Oceanic
411.
Movement of Oceanic-Continental
412.
Movement of Continental-Continental
413.
414.
Resulting landforms of OceanicContinental
415.
Resulting landforms of ContinentalContinental
416.
Locations where found on Earth- OceanicOceanic
417.
Locations where found on Earth- OceanicContinental
418.
Locations where found on EarthContinental-Continental
419.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Rift valleys
420.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Subduction
421.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Lateral faults
422.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Mid-ocean ridge
423.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Volcanoes
424.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Chains of volcanic islands
425.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Very tall non-volcanic mountains
426.
Define weathering.
427.
mechanical weathering
428.
chemical weathering
429.
frost wedging
430.
exfoliation
431.
432.
thermal expansion
crystal growth
433.
tree roots
434.
abrasion
435.
dissolution
436.
oxidation
437.
hydrolysis
438.
Explain how acid rain contributes to
weathering
439.
440.
Explain the process of erosion due to
Surface Water
441.
Explain the process of erosion due to
Ground Water
442.
Explain the process of erosion due to
Gravity
443.
Explain the process of erosion due to Wind
Erosion
444.
Explain the process of erosion due to
Glaciers
445.
Explain how gravity contribute to land
subsidence.
446.
Explain how ground water contribute to
land subsidence.
447.
List the layers of Earth's atmosphere from
the surface to space.
448.
Define ionosphere.
449.
Identify which components of the
atmosphere are in fixed amounts. List them from
most to least plentiful.
450.
Identify which components of the
atmosphere are in variable amounts.
451.
Explain the role carbon dioxide plays in the
atmosphere.
452.
air mass
453.
Arctic
454.
Greenland
455.
456.
Alaska, Canada
457.
458.
Mexico, Southwestern US
459.
460.
461.
Describe the affect the Coriolis Effect has
on rotation in storms.
462.
Describe the changes in weather
associated with a low-pressure center (cyclone)
463.
Describe the changes in weather
associated with a high-pressure center
(anticyclone).
464.
thunderstorm
465.
tornadoes
466.
hurricanes
467.
468.
Describe the greenhouse effect's impact on
our atmosphere.
469.
Summarize the effects of human activities
on the levels of greenhouse gases.
470.
does.
471.
472.
Explain what the global positioning system
(GPS) is and how it is used to study Earth.
473.
Explain what infrared imaging is, how it is
related to the electromagnetic spectrum, and how it
is used to study Earth.
474.
Explain what is satellite remote sensing is
and how it is used to study Earth.
475.
Define radar
476.
explain what the Doppler radar is, how it is
used to study the weather, and how it is related to
the Doppler Effect.
477.
Give examples of ecological studies
performed at the population level
478.
Give examples of ecological studies
performed at the community level
479.
Give examples of ecological studies
performed at the ecosystem level
480.
Abiotic
481.
Biotic
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
489.
490.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
496.
Provide examples of competition in
ecosystems.
497.
Identify which components are including in
a species' niche.
498.
Define symbiosis
499.
500.
commensalism
501.
parasitism
502.
mutualism
503.
examples of commensalism
504.
examples of parasitism
505.
examples of mutualism
506.
Define biome.
507.
508.
509.
forest
510.
511.
forest
512.
forest
513.
forest
514.
forest
515.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Temperate forest
516.
forest
517.
forest
518.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Coniferous forest
519.
520.
521.
522.
523.
524.
525.
526.
527.
528.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Savanna
529.
Precipitation characteristics of Temperate
grassland
530.
Temperature characteristics of Temperate
grassland
531.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Temperate grassland
532.
533.
534.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Chaparral
535.
Found: Far North and South
536.
537.
538.
Explain the intermediate disturbance
hypothesis. Describe the effect regular moderate
disturbances have on ecosystems.
539.
Producers
540.
Autotrophs
541.
Consumers
542.
primary consumers
543.
secondary consumers
544.
tertiary consumers
545.
heterotrophs
546.
Decomposers
547.
Herbivores
548.
the effect regular moderate disturbances
have on ecosystems.
549.
Explain the transfer of energy from the sun
through the food chain.
550.
Describe how organisms use the energy
contained in their food supply.
551.
Describe what happens to energy as it
moves from the first trophic level to the second and
third trophic levels.
552.
How much energy is transferred between
trophic levels?
553.
Explain why energy lost to the environment
during respiration.
554.
Describe an example food chain, with at
least 4 trophic levels. What happens if one of the
organisms in the food chain is removed from the
556.
Carbon Cycle
557.
Nitrogen Cycle
558.
Water Cycle
559.
How does the Carbon Cycle become part
of living things
560.
How does the Nitrogen Cycle become part
of living things
561.
How does the Water Cycle become part of
living things
562.
How does the Carbon Cycle become part
of the abiotic world?
563.
How does the Nitrogen Cycle become part
of the abiotic world?
564.
How does the Water Cycle become part of
the abiotic world?
565.
What is the energy source that fuels the
Carbon Cycle
566.
What is the energy source that fuels the
Nitrogen Cycle
567.
What is the energy source that fuels the
Water Cycle
568.
If not decomposed can be turned into fossil
fuels (coal)
569.
___________ in the atmosphere can't be
used by most organisms. So we rely on
____________ fixing bacteria.
Nitrogen
570.
Some water is absorbed by organisms, but
it is eventually released. It's released through
transpiration from plants, as evaporation from the
leaves of plants, or elimination from animals as we
-- as we go about our activities, we eliminate water
Through perspiration, respiration, excretion;
571.
572.
variation
573.
heritable traits
574.
fitness
575.
Describe an example of a population that
changes over time due to natural selection. How do
variation, heritable traits, fitness and natural
selection allow change in the population to occur?
576.
Explain why adaptations are an important
component of a species' survival.
577.
Describe adaptations of animals in extreme
environments, such as a polar bear (in a cold,
arctic environment) or
578.
Describe adaptations of animals in extreme
environments, such a desert rabbit (in a hot, dry,
desert environment).
579.
Describe how variation, heritability, fitness,
and natural
580.
Describe how variation, heritability, fitness,
and natural selection contributed to the evolution of
antibiotic resistant bacteria
581.
Describe how variation, heritability, fitness,
and natural selection contributed to the evolution of
Darwin's finches
582.
Natural Selection Contributed to the Evolution:
Altered Food
583.
Describe how anatomical homologies are
examples of evidence that support the theory of
evolution.
584.
Describe how vestigial organs are
examples of evidence that support the theory of
evolution.
585.
Describe how vertebrate embryo
development are examples of evidence that
support the theory of evolution.
586.
Describe how fossil record are examples of
evidence that support the theory of evolution.
587.
Describe how biogeography are examples
of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
588.
Describe how common ancestors are
examples of evidence that support the theory of
evolution.
589.
Describe how DNA evidence are examples
of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
590.
Explain how organisms are classified in
Linnaean classification.
591.
List, in order, the levels included in
Linnaean classification.
592.
characteristics of bacteria
593.
characteristics of archaea
594.
characteristics of eukarya
595.
examples of bacteria
596.
examples of eukarya
597.
598.
599.
600.
601.
602.
603.
604.
605.
606.
characteristics of echinodermata
(echinoderms)
607.
608.
609.
characteristics of platyhelminthes
(flatworms)
610.
611.
612.
613.
614.
615.
616.
617.
618.
619.
620.
621.
Describe what happens during a chemical
reaction.
622.
Explain why the law of conservation of
energy is important in chemical reactions.
623.
Explain how concentration of reactants
affect the reaction rate of chemical reactions
624.
Explain how temperature affect the reaction
rate of chemical reactions
625.
Explain how the addition of a catalyst affect
the reaction rate of chemical reactions
626.
627.
Explain how catalysts affect activation
energy.
628.
Explain how enzymes speed up chemical
reactions in cells.
629.
Photosynthesis
630.
Photosynthesis Reactants
631.
Photosynthesis Products
632.
633.
634.
Photosynthesis Organelle
635.
636.
637.
638.
639.
Cellular Respiration
640.
641.
642.
in
643.
Cellular Respiration Form of energy
coming out
644.
645.
646.
647.
648.
Describe the characteristics of organisms
(living things).
649.
650.
Prokaryotic- Complex membrane bound
organelles?
651.
652.
first?
653.
654.
655.
656.
657.
Eukaryotic- Complex membrane bound
organelles?
658.
659.
660.
661.
662.
cells.
663.
Mitosis
664.
665.
666.
Meiosis
667.
668.
669.
Define gamete.
670.
671.
672.
Mitosis- What's happening with sister
chromatids?
673.
Mitosis- What's happening with
homologous chromosomes?
674.
675.
Mitosis- How do the cells made compare to
the parent cell?
676.
677.
678.
Meiosis- What's happening with sister
chromatids?
679.
Meiosis- What's happening with
homologous chromosomes?
680.
681.
Meiosis- How do the cells made compare
to the parent
682.
Define gene
683.
Define allele
684.
Explain what it means say an allele is
dominant
685.
Explain what it means say an allele is
recessive.
686.
Explain what it means say and organism is
heterozygous
687.
Explain what it means say and organism is
homozygous.
688.
genotype
689.
phenotype
690.
691.
Explain Mendel's Principle of Independent
Assortment.
692.
Explain how the process of meiosis
contributes to independent assortment.
693.
Explain how crossing over contributes to
independent assortment. Discuss how it can it
promote genetic variation.
694.
Define chromosome.
695.
696.
Explain how ionizing radiation from
radioactive materials damages the DNA.
697.
Explain why bone marrow cells and cells in
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are more vulnerable
to radiation damage.
698.
Explain why ultraviolet (UV) radiation and
radon cause cancer.
699.
Describe how cells, tissues, organs, and
organ systems work together to perform human
body functions.
700.
Define homeostasis.
701.
Explain how our body maintains
homeostasis. Include examples of how our body
maintains homeostasis when there are fluctuations
in conditions such as temperature, hydration and
blood glucose levels.
702.
Describe the cells, tissues and organs for
the nervous system. Explain how the neurons,
spinal cord, and brain work together to respond to
stimuli. How does this help maintain homeostasis?
703.
Describe the cells, tissues and organs for
the circulatory system. Explain the functions of the
cells, heart, arteries, and veins of the circulatory
system in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
throughout the body. How does this help the body
maintain homeostasis?
704.
Describe the cells, tissues and organs for
the respiratory system. Explain how the cells,
tissues, and organs in the respiratory and
circulatory system function interdependently to
provide cells with oxygen. How does this help the
body maintain homeostasis?
705.
706.
Describe how the cells, tissues, and organs
associated with the digestive system break down
food. How does this help the body maintain
homeostasis?
707.
Describe how the cells, tissues, and organs
in the urinary system aid in eliminating waste from
the body and maintaining water balance. How does
this help the body maintain homeostasis?
708.
Explain the role of cells, tissues, and organs
in the acquired immune response.
709.
Explain the theory of evolution and how it is
a unifying theme in biology.
710.
Define biogeography and explain how it is
a unifying theme in ecology.
711.
Define genetics and explain how it is a
unifying theme in biology.
712.
Explain plate tectonics and how it is a
unifying theme in earth science.
713.
Explain the Big Bang Theory and how it is
a unifying theme astronomy.
714.
Explain how discoveries and
advancements in one field of science have the
ability to impact other fields of science. Give
examples of this happening.
715.
Explain how discoveries and
advancements in science have the ability to impact
areas outside of science. Give examples of this
happening.
716.
Explain how chemistry and biology are
integrated, connected, and related?
717.
Explain how physics and chemistry are
integrated, connected, and related?
718.
Explain how physics and astronomy are
integrated, connected, and related?
719.
Explain how earth science and physics are
integrated, connected, and related?
720.
Explain how earth science and chemistry
are integrated, connected, and related?