Reproduction of Organisms: Chapter Resources For Differentiated Instruction
Reproduction of Organisms: Chapter Resources For Differentiated Instruction
Reproduction of Organisms: Chapter Resources For Differentiated Instruction
Reproduction of Organisms
Title
Page
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Level
all students
Quick Vocabulary
all students
all students
Launch Lab
28
all students
29
all students
10
30
all students
MiniLab
12
32
all students
Content Practice A
13
33
AL
OL
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Content Practice B
14
34
AL
OL
BL
15
all students
Math Skills
17
all students
School to Home
18
35
19
36
Enrichment
23
40
Challenge
24
41
AL
OL
BL
Lesson Quiz A
25
42
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OL
BL
Lesson Quiz B
26
43
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all students
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all students
Lab A
4446
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Lab B
4749
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Lab C
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Chapter Test A
5254
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Chapter Test B
5557
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Chapter Test C
5860
AL
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T2T13
OL On Level
BL Beyond Level
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To The Teacher
This book contains reproducible pages that support the Student Edition. Descriptions and frequencies
of these resources are listed in the table that follows.
Title
Get Ready
to Read:
What do
you think?
Frequency
Appropriate
For
Overview
Using the Get Ready to Read anticipation guide
in the Student Edition? This page matches the
1/Chapter
all students
1/Chapter
all students
Student Lab
Safety Form
Launch Lab
Content
Vocabulary*
Lesson
Outline*
MiniLab
1/Chapter
1/Lesson
1/Lesson
all students
all students
all students
1/Lesson
AL Approaching Level
BL Beyond Level
all students
all students
Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any ELL students proficiency level.
Reproduction of Organisms
iii
Title
Frequency
Appropriate
For
Overview
Need more options for content review? Content
Content
Practice
(Leveled)
AL
AL
AL
AL
OL
BL
Language
Arts
Support
1/Chapter
Math Skills
1/Chapter
all students
all students
School to
Home
Enrichment
all students
1/Lesson
AL
AL
AL
all students
1/Lesson
AL
AL
BL
OL
BL
Concepts of a lesson:
1/Lesson
AL Approaching Level
AL
AL
OL On Level
BL Beyond Level
Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any ELL students proficiency level.
iv
Reproduction of Organisms
Key Concept
Builders
1/Lesson
Title
Frequency
Appropriate
For
Overview
Need a lab recording page for the Skill Practice?
Skill
Practice
1/Chapter
all students
Chapter Key
Concepts
Builder
1/Chapter
1/Chapter
AL
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OL
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1/Chapter
Teacher
Pages
AL Approaching Level
BL Beyond Level
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Reproduction of Organisms
Name
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Class
Reproduction of Organisms
What do you think?
Before you read, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these
statements. On the line before each statement, place an A if you agree or a
D if you disagree. As you read this chapter, see if you change your mind
about any of the statements.
Before You
Read
Statements
After You
Read
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
Quick Vocabulary
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
of chromosomes
potential possibility
regeneration asexual reproduction
in which a new organism grows
from a piece of its parent
Reproduction of Organisms
Date of Approval
Student Name:
Date:
Lab/Activity Title:
Carefully read the entire lab and answer the following questions.
Return this completed and signed safety form to your teacher to initial before you
begin the lab/activity.
1. Describe what you will be doing during this lab/activity. Ask your teacher any questions
2. Will you be working alone, with a partner, or with a group? (Circle one.)
3. What safety precautions should you take while doing this lab/activity?
4. Write any steps in the procedure, additional safety concerns, or lab safety symbols that
you do not understand.
Student Signature
Reproduction of Organisms
Page
Appropriate For:
Launch Lab
all students
all students
10
all students
MiniLab
12
all students
Content Practice A
13
AL
AL
AL
Content Practice B
14
AL
OL
BL
15
all students
Math Skills
17
all students
School to Home
18
all students
19
Enrichment
23
Challenge
24
AL
AL
BL
Lesson Quiz A
25
AL
AL
AL
Lesson Quiz B
26
AL
OL
BL
AL
AL
AL
all students
Assessment
Teacher Support
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
T2
OL On Level
BL Beyond Level
Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any ELL students proficiency level.
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Launch Lab
Class
LESSON 1: 15 minutes
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Open the paper bag labeled Male
Parent, and, without looking, remove
three beads. Record the bead colors in
your Science Journal, and replace the
beads.
3.
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
Content Vocabulary
LESSON 1
Terms
egg, sperm
1.
fertilization, zygote
2.
diploid, haploid
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 1
, forms in an ovary.
, forms in a testis.
B. Diploid Cells
1. Organisms that reproduce sexually make two kinds of cells
cells and sex cells.
properly.
of chromosomes.
C. Haploid Cells
1. Sex cells are
2. In
cells.
These divisions, known as meiosis I and meiosis II, result in four haploid cells.
2. During
chromosomes.
4. After meiosis I, the two cells formed during this stage go through a second division
of the
sister
10
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cells.
2. During
among
3.
changes.
cells.
2. Another disadvantage is that searching for a mate takes time and energy and might
expose individuals to predators,
environmental conditions.
Reproduction of Organisms
, or harsh
11
Name
Date
MiniLab
Class
LESSON 1: 20 minutes
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Make a copy of the diagram by tracing
circles around a jar lid on your
paper. Label as shown.
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Haploid cells
1. Describe What happened to the chromosomes during meiosis I? During meiosis II?
2. Think Critically Why are two haploid cells (sperm and egg) needed to form a zygote?
3.
12
Key Concept How does one cell form four cells during meiosis?
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 1
A. diploid cell
B. egg
C. fertilization
D. haploid cell
E. homologous
chromosomes
F. meiosis
4. joining of egg and sperm
5. the cell formed by fertilization
G. sexual reproduction
H. sperm
I. zygote
of chromosomes
Reproduction of Organisms
13
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice B
LESSON 1
2. What are male and female sex cells, and where are they made?
3. Explain what a zygote is. Use the terms egg cell, sperm cell, and fertilization in your
explanation.
5. Which process divides one diploid cell and makes four haploid cells? How many times
does the nucleus divide during this process?
14
Reproduction of Organisms
4. Compare a diploid cell and a haploid cell. Include where each cell is located.
Name
Date
Class
LESSON 1
Overall StructureReaders can understand your writing more clearly if you combine
related ideas. As you review your writing, circle each main point in a different color.
Then underline each sentence that supports that point in the same color. If your
paragraph contains marks of several different colors, move sentences to the paragraph
they support. If you find sentences that are not circled or underlined, delete the
sentence or use it in a new paragraph.
Several types of sentences can support a main idea. Use the following list to evaluate
the strength of each paragraph. If your review shows that an idea needs more support,
add one of the sentence types from this list.
Paragraph Number
Supporting Sentences:
Main Idea:
Detail:
Example:
Fact:
Quotation:
SentencesReview your sentence patterns. Are your sentences mostly short or long?
Do their beginnings vary, or do they start the same way? Some ways to add variety to
your sentences include
inserting a short sentence between two long ones;
combining two sentences into one longer, compound sentence;
changing the passive to the active tense to make the writing more vivid and concise.
Word ChoiceReview your draft again, checking for repeated words or words that are
too general. Highlight nouns, verbs, adjectives, and phrases you have used more than
once. Then use a thesaurus to find alternate words. Highlight general words and
replace them with more concise ones; for example, tree oak; dog beagle; red
crimson.
Reproduction of Organisms
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Class
LESSON 1
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces eggs and sperm for sexual reproduction.
Mitosis is a different process by which cells divide. Meiosis is cell division that produces
eggs or sperm from certain cells in an organisms reproductive system. Meiosis is a process
that only takes place in eukaryotes that reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction only occurs
among some organisms.
2. Which two sentences do not fit the main idea of the paragraph? What do you think
the writer should do with these sentences? Explain why.
4. Look at the sentence you revised in question 3. Three sentences start with the words
Meiosis is. Make an additional revision to the sentence above or another sentence to
vary the sentence structure.
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Reproduction of Organisms
3. The phrase cell division that produces eggs and sperm appears twice in this paragraph.
Name
Date
Class
Math Skills
LESSON 1
Use Proportions
A proportion is an equation that shows that two ratios are equal. When two ratios form
a proportion, the cross products are equal. In this example, the cross products are 2 10
and 4 5.
5
2 = ___
If __
, then 2 10 = 4 5.
10
4
If one of the numbers in a proportion is unknown, cross multiply to change the proportion
to an equation. Then solve the equation for the unknown number.
You know that 1 cell produces 2 daughter cells at the end of mitosis. How many daughter
cells will be produced by 19 cells?
Step 1 Use the information in the problem to write a proportion.
1
__
2
19
= ___
n
Practice
1. If 7 cells go through mitosis, how
many daughter cells will be produced?
Reproduction of Organisms
17
Name
Date
Class
School to Home
LESSON 1
2. Diploid cells have pairs of chromosomes, whereas haploid cells have only
one chromosome from each pair.
Which cells are sex cells, diploid cells or haploid cells?
4. Meiosis produces cells that are not genetically identical to the parent cell.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
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Reproduction of Organisms
What are the differences between the processes of meiosis and mitosis?
Name
Date
Class
LESSON 1
1. Name the type of reproduction that occurs when the genetic materials from two
different cells combine to produce an offspring.
7. Why do offspring from the same parents usually have a different set of traits?
Reproduction of Organisms
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LESSON 1
diploid
haploid
homologous chromosomes
meiosis
mitosis
sister chromatids
1. In meiosis, one
2. A
3. A
4. Pairs of chromosomes that are not identical but have genes for the same trait arranged
in the same order are
.
has one chromosome from the mother and
6. In
7. During
occur.
are formed.
are formed
II.
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Reproduction of Organisms
5. Each pair of
Name
Date
Class
LESSON 1
Meiosis I
Phase
Prophase I
Description
1. Chromosomes that are duplicated during
remain sister chromatids.
2.
apart.
Anaphase I
6. Pairs of duplicated
and are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell.
chromosomes separate
7.
Telophase I
stay together.
daughter cells.
9.
remain together.
Meiosis II
Phase
Prophase II
Description
10.
do not duplicate.
breaks apart.
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
13. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatids, which are again
called
14. The cytoplasm divides, and
15. Each cell has
as the original cell.
Reproduction of Organisms
.
cells form.
the number of chromosomes
21
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LESSON 1
1. If a male organism has 40 chromosomes in each body cell, how many chromosomes
does a female of the same species have in each body cell?
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Reproduction of Organisms
7. How does meiosis help maintain diploid cells in offspring? Use the terms chromosomes,
Name
Date
Class
Enrichment
LESSON 1
1. Infer Why are native plants often resistant to the diseases and pests in their
native land?
2. Weigh Do you think that all native plants should be preserved, or should only
those plants that have value for people be preserved? Explain.
Reproduction of Organisms
23
Name
Challenge
Date
Class
LESSON 1
Sequencing Meiosis
The diagrams show the stages of meiosis in scrambled order. To the left of each diagram,
label and sequence the stages in the correct order. To the right of each diagram, include a
brief description of what happens during each stage.
24
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz A
LESSON 1
Matching Set 1
1. when one diploid cell divides to make four
haploid cells
A. homologous
B. fertilization
C. meiosis
Matching Set 2
4. new cell formed by the joining of a sperm and
an egg
D. meiosis II
E. sexual reproduction
F. zygote
nucleus
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question, write the letter of the correct answer.
Reproduction of Organisms
25
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz B
LESSON 1
1. During
2.
3. The production of an offspring that results when the genetic materials from two
different cells combine is called
5. During meiosis II, the cells formed during this stage go through a second division of
the
6. In a pair of
parent.
Short Answer
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
7. Compare and contrast the events of meiosis I with the events of meiosis II.
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
26
Reproduction of Organisms
Page
Appropriate For:
Launch Lab
28
all students
29
all students
30
all students
MiniLab
32
all students
Content Practice A
33
AL
AL
AL
Content Practice B
34
AL
OL
BL
School to Home
35
36
Enrichment
40
Challenge
41
AL
AL
BL
Lab A
44
AL
AL
AL
Lab B
47
AL
OL
BL
Lab C
50
AL
AL
BL
51
AL
AL
AL
Lesson Quiz A
42
AL
AL
AL
Lesson Quiz B
43
AL
OL
BL
Chapter Test A
52
AL
AL
AL
Chapter Test B
55
AL
OL
AL
Chapter Test C
58
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AL
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all students
AL
AL
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all students
Assessment
Teacher Support
Answers (with Lesson Outlines)
AL Approaching Level
T4
OL On Level
BL Beyond Level
Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any ELL students proficiency level.
Reproduction of Organisms
27
Name
Date
Launch Lab
Class
LESSON 2: 20 minutes
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Pour 125 mL of water into a beaker.
The water should be at a temperature
of 34C.
28
Key Concept How do you think this process differs from sexual reproduction?
Reproduction of Organisms
2.
Name
Date
Class
Content Vocabulary
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Directions: Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of each definition. Then unscramble the letters from
the shaded boxes to spell an eighth term.
asexual reproduction
budding
cloning
culture
fission
potential
regeneration
vegetative reproduction
4. possibility
8. When they are unscrambled, the letters in the shaded boxes spell
, which is the process of making identical individuals.
Reproduction of Organisms
29
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Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
A. What is asexual reproduction?
1. In
2. Because the offspring of asexual reproduction inherit all their DNA from one
parent, they are genetically
parent.
3. Many unicellular
4. In
.
, a new organism grows on the body of its parent
6.
7.
Reproduction of Organisms
5.
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11. Asexual reproduction also enables some organisms to rapidly produce a large
number of
12. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other
and to their
13. Genetic variation is important because it can give organisms a better chance
of
Reproduction of Organisms
31
Name
Date
MiniLab
Class
LESSON 2: 15 minutes
Procedure
1. Carefully examine the photos of
vegetative reproduction shown in your
textbook.
32
Key Concept Describe a method you might use to produce a new plant using
vegetative reproduction.
Reproduction of Organisms
3.
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term
is used only once.
asexual reproduction
budding
cloning
fission
genetically identical
nucleus
regeneration
tissue culture
vegetative reproduction
1. In all types of
2. When offspring inherit all of their DNA from one parent, they
are
4. Many unicellular eukaryotes reproduce by dividing into two offspring through mitosis
5. In
6. In animal
7. A form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of a parent plant
is called
8. A type of asexual reproduction that produces identical individuals from a cell or cluster
of cells taken from a multicellular organism is called
9. Some plants can be cloned from just a few cells using a technique that takes
a(n)
from a cell
in one parent.
Reproduction of Organisms
33
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Class
Content Practice B
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the
statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.
2. A hydra grows a new hydra on its body using a form of asexual reproduction
called budding.
3. Cloning produces identical individuals from a cell or cluster of cells taken from
a unicellular organism.
9. Some animals have been cloned using the cytoplasm from a cell in one parent.
10. Many unicellular eukaryotes reproduce by dividing into two offspring through
mitosis and cell division. This form of reproduction is known as mitotic cell
division.
34
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
School to Home
Class
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Did you know?
Although most animals do not practice asexual reproduction, a few do. Flatworms,
a parasite in humans and other animals, can reproduce sexually or asexually.
In this activity, you will design an investigation of any type of asexual reproduction.
1. Write a Question Think about what interests you in the different ways organisms can
reproduce asexually. Write a question that will be the basis of your investigation.
2. Form a Hypothesis Based on what you know about asexual reproduction, what do you
think the answer to your investigation question will be? Write your hypothesis.
3. Develop a Method Decide the best method to use to answer your investigation
question. What will you look for? Write your method.
4. Collect Data How will you measure the results? Describe your data-collection plan.
5. Plan for Problems Describe how you will deal with a potential problem with the
investigation.
Reproduction of Organisms
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Name
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Class
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Key Concept What is asexual reproduction, and why is it beneficial?
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
2. Explain why the offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically identical to each
other and to their parent.
5. Identify the two main advantages for organisms that reproduce asexually.
36
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Key Concept How do the types of asexual reproduction differ?
Directions: Complete the Venn diagram by writing features of fission on the left and mitotic cell division
on the right. Write what they have in common in the center.
1. Fission
2. Both
Reproduction of Organisms
37
Name
Date
Class
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Key Concept How do the types of asexual reproduction differ?
Directions: Put a check mark on the line before each phrase that applies to cloning.
7. Based on your check marks above, write a paragraph that describes what cloning is.
38
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Key Concept How do the types of asexual reproduction differ?
Directions: Work with a partner to answer each question on the lines provided.
1. How has the definition of cloning changed from the past to today?
3. If a sea star grows a new arm, is the regeneration a form of asexual reproduction?
Explain your answer.
4. Why is growing a new plant from cloning different from vegetative reproduction?
Reproduction of Organisms
39
Name
Date
Enrichment
Class
LESSON 2
New Hope
The Woolly Mammoth
40
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Challenge
Class
LESSON 2
Plant Reproduction
As you have learned, plants can reproduce asexually. In the space below, design an
experiment to grow a new plant using some type of asexual reproduction.
2. Form a hypothesis about how a new plant can be produced from a parent plant.
Reproduction of Organisms
41
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz A
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question, write the letter of the correct answer.
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term
is used only once.
Matching Set 1
3. prokaryotic cell division
A. budding
B. fission
C. regeneration
Matching Set 2
6. one parent producing offspring without meiosis
and fertilization
D. asexual reproduction
E. vegetative
reproduction
F. cloning
42
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz B
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Completion
Directions: On the line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence.
3. Animal
of its parent.
4. The process in which one parent produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization
is called
5. The process of
Short Answer
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Reproduction of Organisms
43
Name
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Class
Lab A
40 minutes
Ask a Question
How do chromosomes change and move during mitosis and meiosis?
Materials
pool noodles
Safety
Make Observations
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Form a cell nucleus with four chromosomes represented by students holding four
different colors of pool noodles.
Other students play the part of the nuclear membrane and form a circle around
the chromosomes.
chromosome with two sister chromatids.
44
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
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Class
Lab A continued
e. Each daughter cell now performs meiosis II
independently. In prophase II, the nuclear
membrane breaks down, and the nucleolus
disappears.
Ask a Question
Make Observations
Form a Hypothesis
Form a Hypothesis
Communicate Results
10.
The Big Idea What is the difference between the chromosomes in cells at the
beginning and the end of mitosis? At the beginning and end of meiosis?
Reproduction of Organisms
45
Name
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Class
Lab A continued
11. Critique How did performing cellular replications using pool noodles help you
understand mitosis and meiosis?
Lab Tips
Figure out where the boundaries of your cell are before you start.
Review the phases of mitosis and meiosis before beginning to act out how the
chromosomes move during each process.
46
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
Lab B
40 minutes
Ask a Question
How do chromosomes change and move during mitosis and meiosis?
Materials
pool noodles
Safety
Make Observations
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Form a cell nucleus with four chromosomes represented by students holding four
different colors of noodles. Other students play the part of the nuclear membrane
and form a circle around the chromosomes.
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. Perform mitosis.
a. During prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks apart, and the nucleolus disappears.
b. In metaphase, duplicated chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.
c. The sister chromatids separate in anaphase.
d. In telophase, the nuclear membrane reforms around two daughter cells.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3. Perform meiosis.
a. In prophase I, the nuclear membrane breaks apart, the nucleolus disappears, and
homologous chromosomes pair up.
f. During metaphase II, duplicated chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.
Reproduction of Organisms
47
Name
Date
Class
Lab B continued
g. Sister chromatids separate in anaphase II.
h. In telophase II, the nuclear membrane reforms.
Form a Hypothesis
6. Use your observations to form a hypothesis about
the results of an error in meiosis. For example, you
might explain the results of an error during
anaphase I.
8. Compare the outcome to your hypothesis. Does your data support your hypothesis?
If not, revise your hypothesis and repeat steps 68.
9. Compare and Contrast How are mitosis and meiosis I similar? How are they different?
10.
The Big Idea What is the difference between the chromosomes in cells at the
beginning and the end of mitosis? At the beginning and end of meiosis?
11. Critique How did performing cellular replications using pool noodles help you
understand mitosis and meiosis?
48
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
Lab B continued
Communicate Your Results
Create a chart of the changes and movements of chromosomes in each of the steps
in meiosis and mitosis. Include colored drawings of chromosomes and remember to draw
the cell membranes.
Extension
Investigate some abnormalities that occur when mistakes are made during mitosis or meiosis.
Draw a chart of the steps of reproduction showing how the mistake is made. Write a short
description of the problems that result from the mistake.
Lab Tips
Figure out where the boundaries of your cell are before you start.
Review the phases of mitosis and meiosis before beginning to act out how the
chromosomes move during each process.
Reproduction of Organisms
49
Name
Date
Class
Lab C
Cell Reproduction
Directions: Use the information and data from the Lab Mitosis and Meiosis to perform this lab.
You have acted out the moves that chromosomes make during mitosis and meiosis. This
should help you understand the steps that occur when cells reproduce. Sometimes, during
prophase I of meiosis, parts of homologous chromosomes might cross over each other and
exchange sections of their chromatids. Crossing over results in new combinations of alleles
that increase genetic diversity. Design a procedure similar to the original lab to model how
crossing over occurs. You will need to replace the pool noodles with a material that can be
cut or broken safely.
Please note that you must complete Lab B before beginning Lab C. Have your teacher
approve your design and safety procedures before beginning your experiment.
50
Reproduction of Organisms
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Class
Reproduction of Organisms
End-of-Chapter Practice
Directions: Form small groups. Take turns presenting the following questions to the group. Call on members of
your group to discuss the answers. Write the answers that your group has settled on. Then compare your answers
with other groups.
1. Why is reproduction important? Include what would happen if living things did not
reproduce.
2. What are the differences between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction?
Directions: Work with a partner. Select one of the options. When you have completed the tasks, present your
concept map or diagram to the class.
4. Create a concept map that explains the advantages and disadvantages of sexual
reproduction and asexual reproduction.
5. Draw and label what happens to one pair of homologous chromosomes during each
stage of meiosis I and meiosis II.
Reproduction of Organisms
51
Name
Date
Class
Chapter Test A
Reproduction of Organisms
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question, write the letter of the correct answer.
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term
is used only once.
A. diploid
B. haploid
C. meiosis
D. homologous
chromosomes
Matching Set 2
8. cell division in prokaryotes that forms two
genetically identical cells
E. mitotic
F. fission
G. budding
H. cloning
I. fertilization
52
Reproduction of Organisms
Matching Set 1
Name
Date
Class
Mother
Father
Meiosis
a.
Meiosis
b.
c.
d.
e.
13. Label this diagram by writing the correct term from the word bank on each line.
egg
fertilization
mitosis
sperm
zygote
Reproduction of Organisms
53
Name
Date
Class
16. The body cells of a cat have 38 chromosomes. Tell how many chromosomes the body
cells of normal kittens will have. Explain how you know.
17. The body cells of a cat have 38 chromosomes. Calculate the number of chromosomes
in a cats normal sex cells. Explain how you know.
Concept Application
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. Use complete sentences.
20. Mammals, including humans, reproduce sexually. Explain the benefits of sexual
reproduction. Include the term genetic variation in your response.
54
Reproduction of Organisms
19. Many organisms reproduce asexually. Explain the benefits of asexual reproduction.
Name
Date
Class
Chapter Test B
Reproduction of Organisms
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question, write the letter of the correct answer.
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Not all
terms are used.
A. diploid cell
B. haploid cell
C. meiosis
D. homologous
chromosomes
E. vegetative
reproduction
F. fission
G. budding
H. cloning
Reproduction of Organisms
I. mitotic
J. fertilization
55
Name
Date
Class
Mother
Father
Meiosis
a.
Meiosis
b.
c.
d.
e.
13. Label this diagram by writing the correct term from the word bank on each line. Not
egg
diploid cell
fertilization
mitosis
sperm
zygote
haploid cell
14. Compare the number of chromosomes in the zygote, egg, sperm, and parents body
cells.
56
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Class
16. A sexually reproducing organism has 78 chromosomes in each of its body cells.
Predict the number of chromosomes located in the organisms normal sex cells and
in the body cells of the organisms offspring.
17. Relate the number of chromosomes in a mouses sex cells to the number in its body
cells.
Concept Application
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. Use complete sentences.
Reproduction of Organisms
57
Name
Date
Class
Chapter Test C
Reproduction of Organisms
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each statement or question, write the letter of the correct answer.
Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence.
5. The process of
separates.
cell division.
10. The process of an offspring growing on the body of its parent by mitosis and cell
division is called
12. The process of producing genetically identical individuals from cells in a laboratory is
called
58
.
Reproduction of Organisms
Completion
Name
Date
Class
Mother
Father
Meiosis
a.
Meiosis
b.
c.
d.
e.
13. Label this diagram by writing the correct term on each line.
14. Identify which cells in your diagram are haploid and which ones are diploid.
15. Predict what would happen if meiosis did not occur in your diagram.
Short Answer
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
16. Judge whether sexually reproducing organisms always have an even number
of chromosomes in their body cells. Justify your answer.
Reproduction of Organisms
59
Name
Date
Class
18. Choose two types of asexual reproduction. Compare and contrast them.
Concept Application
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. Use complete sentences.
19. Invent a new form of asexual reproduction. Justify how it qualifies as asexual
reproduction. Explain the benefits of this form of asexual reproduction.
the disadvantages.
60
Reproduction of Organisms
20. Evaluate whether the advantages of sexual reproduction for mammals outweigh
Teacher Pages
T2
Answers
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Reproduction of Organisms
T1
B. Diploid Cells
1. Organisms that reproduce sexually make two kinds of cellsbody cells and sex cells.
2. Body cells are diploid; they have pairs of chromosomes.
3. If a zygote has too many or too few chromosomes, it will not develop properly.
4. Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes.
5. Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same
traits arranged in the same order.
C. Haploid Cells
1. Sex cells are haploid; they have only one chromosome from each pair of
chromosomes.
2. During interphase, the reproductive cell grows and duplicates its chromosomes.
3. During meiosis I, each pair of duplicated homologous chromosomes separates.
4. After meiosis I, the two cells formed during this stage go through a second division
of the nucleus and cytoplasm called meiosis II. During meiosis II, sister chromatids
separate to produce four haploid cells.
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Reproduction of Organisms
2. In meiosis, one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid cells.
2. During meiosis, a reproductive cell and its nucleus divide twice and produce four
cellstwo pairs of identical haploid cells.
3. Selective breeding has been used to develop desirable traits in plants and animals.
H. Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
1. One disadvantage of sexual reproduction is that organisms have to grow and
develop until they are mature enough to produce sex cells.
2. Another disadvantage is that searching for a mate takes time and energy and might
expose individuals to predators, diseases, or harsh environmental conditions.
Discussion Question
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Reproduction of Organisms
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2. Because the offspring of asexual reproduction inherit all their DNA from one
parent, they are genetically identical to each other and their parent.
4. In budding, a new organism grows on the body of its parent by mitosis and cell
division. When the bud becomes large enough, it can break from the parent and
live on its own.
8. Using a cloning method called tissue culture, plant growers and scientists use a
meristem to make a copy of a plant with desirable traits.
9. Because all of a clones chromosomes come from one parent, the clone is a genetic
copy of its parent.
12. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other
and to their parent. This results in little genetic variation within a population.
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Reproduction of Organisms
b. Many animals can regenerate damaged or lost body parts. This is not
14. Genetic changes, called mutations, can occur and then be passed to offspring; this
can affect the offsprings ability to survive.
Discussion Question
How can a plant be cloned without laboratory equipment?
Take a piece of the plant and plant it in soil so the piece grows as a new plant.
Reproduction of Organisms
T5
Answers
What do you think? (page 1)
1. Agree; body cells divide mitosis. Sex cells are
produced by meiosis.
2. Disagree; variation is caused by genetic
factors; parent organisms contribute different
traits to the offspring.
3. Disagree; healthy offspring can be produced
by one parent organism through asexual
reproduction.
1. G
3. H
5. I
2. B
4. C
6. A
Lesson 1
7. D
8. F
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10. F
11. T
12. F
Reproduction of Organisms
9. E
Answers continued
Applying the Skill
Revised drafts will vary but should reflect the use of
the four levels of revisions presented in the lesson.
Writing should reflect a clear idea.
11. meiosis
1. 14
1. interphase
2. 188
2. Homologous chromosomes
3. 18 mm
3. breaks
4. 24 mm
4. middle
5. Spindle
6. homologous
9. Sister chromatids
9. sister chromatids
10. meiosis; meiosis
Reproduction of Organisms
7. Sister chromatids
8. two
10. Chromosomes; Nuclear membrane
11. align
12. pulled apart; opposite ends of the cells
13. chromosomes
14. four
15. half
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Answers continued
depend upon these plants for survival.
Preserve some: Because of budget restrictions,
some plants might be targeted for preservation
and others are allowed to become extinct. In
this situation, it would be best to determine
which plants are likely to be useful to people.
Lesson 2
Launch Lab (page 28)
1. Small cells are attached to larger cells.
2. Only one parent produced offspring during
this process.
Matching Set 1
1. C
2. B
3. A
Matching Set 2
4. F
5. D
1. asexual reproduction
6. E
2. genetically identical
8. A
3. fission
4. mitotic cell division
5. budding
6. regeneration
Completion
1. meiosis
7. vegetative reproduction
2. Fertilization
3. sexual reproduction
4. zygote
5. nucleus
6. homologous chromosomes
Short Answer
7. Answers will vary but should mention that
during meiosis I, each pair of homologous
chromosomes separates; each homologous
chromosome from the pair is pulled toward
an opposite end of the cell. During meiosis II,
sister chromatids separate and four haploid
daughter cells form.
8. Answers will vary but should include that
because meiosis produces haploid sex cells,
it helps maintain the correct number of
chromosomes in each generation of offspring,
and it allows for genetic variation.
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8. cloning
9. tissue culture
10. nucleus
Reproduction of Organisms
Multiple Choice
7. B
Answers continued
School to Home (page 35)
1. Possible answer: How do sponges use budding
to reproduce?
2. Possible answer: A sponge grows offspring,
called buds, on its body. The buds can break
off and grow into sponges, or they can
continue to live on the parent.
3. Possible answer: I will get slides of budding
sponges and look at them under a microscope.
I will also get a live budding sponge and see
how the buds grow on the sponge. I will break
off a bud and see whether it is able to grow
on its own.
4. Possible answer: I will describe and draw what
I see under the microscope. I will make a
sketch of the live sponge and sketches of the
bud over a period of two weeks, to show
whether the bud is growing.
5. Possible answer: Live budding sponges or
slides of budding sponges might not be
available. I could use another organism that
buds, such as a hydra.
Reproduction of Organisms
T9
Answers continued
plant. Place the cutting in a jar of water. Place the
jar of water in a warm, sunny location. Observe the
cutting for ten days. Record your observations in a
data table.
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Reproduction of Organisms
Short Answer
7. Answers will vary but should include fission
(prokaryotes such as bacteria), budding
(hydra, yeasts), animal regeneration
(sponges, planarians, sea stars), or vegetative
reproduction (strawberries, raspberries,
potatoes, geraniums).
Answers continued
Test Your Hypothesis Testing procedures will vary, but
the following is an example:
Perform mitosis.
a. During prophase, the nuclear membrane
breaks apart, and the nucleolus disappears.
5. C
7. A
6. D
Matching Set 2
8. F
9. E
10. G
11. I
Perform meiosis.
12. H
3. B
Matching Set 1
4. B
Reproduction of Organisms
T11
Answers continued
Matching
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. F
9. I
Multiple Choice
1. A
10. G
11. J
12. H
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3. C
Completion
4. haploid
5. meiosis
6. homologous chromosomes
7. diploid
8. fission
9. unicellular
10. budding
11. fertilization
12. cloning
Reproduction of Organisms
2. C
Answers continued
Concept Application
19. Answers will vary but should describe a form
of asexual reproduction that involves one
parent and produces genetically identical
offspring. Advantages include that asexual
reproduction allows organisms to produce a
large number of offspring in a short amount
of time and without having to find a mate.
Reproduction of Organisms
T13